【考研类试卷】中医综合-中医基础理论(七)及答案解析.doc

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1、中医综合-中医基础理论(七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Throughout the 19th century and into the 20th, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centres of (1) , crime, poverty and moral (

2、2) Their distrust was caused, (3) , by a national ideology that (4) farming the greatest occupation and rural living (5) to urban living. This attitude (6) even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential (7) of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcam

3、e ideology. Thousands (8) the precarious (不稳定的) life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people (9) from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were (10) with great problems, e

4、agerly (11) the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the (12) of the city.One of many reforms came (13) the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by (14) governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that

5、 the privately owned utility companies would (15) exorbitant (过渡的) rates for these essential services and (16) them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by (17) the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. (18) of

6、 these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would (19) widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a (20) price.（分数：10.00）(1).A eruption B corruption C interruption D provocation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A disgrace B deterioration C dishonor D degradation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A by or

7、igin B in part C at all D at random（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A proclaimed B exclaimed C claimed D reclaim（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A superb B super C exceptional D superior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A predominated B dominated C commanded D prevailed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A feature B peculiarity C quality D attribute（

8、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A deserted B departed C abolished D abandoned（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A reallocated B migrated C replaced D substituted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A overwhelmed B overflowed C overtaken D preoccupied（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A embraced B adopted C hugged D contained（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A chao

9、s B chores C chorus D outbreaks（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A at B by C out D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A public B municipal C republican D national（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A charge B take C cost D spend（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A distribute B deliver C transfer D transport（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A degenerating B gen

10、erating C regenerating D regulating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A Proponents B Opponents C Sponsors D Rivals（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A secure B ensure C reassure D incur（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A fair B just C square D objective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总

11、题数：1，分数：10.00)The modern university is the ideal environment for the creation and transfer of knowledge that drives national competitiveness in an increasingly global era. Its most effective form is the American adaptation of the European model, in which teaching, leaning and research are integrated

12、 into a single institution. Indeed, the American university has proved capable of almost anything, from developing advanced economic theories to creating new life forms.Many national leaders understand that the university is the critical catalyst for Americas adaptability, economic robustness and em

13、ergence as a great power. And they are moving aggressively to catch up. The universities created by emerging economies beginning in the 1990s and through 2020 will likely play a decisive role in reshaping the global balance of economic power.That is bad news for the United States. The past two decad

14、es of American university development have been characterized largely by self-satisfaction arising from steady progress by the top 20 or so research universities. And America as a nation has 1Seen coasting. Since 2000, the United States has lost its edge in the graduation of engineers and technologi

15、sts. The country no longer dominates scientific discovery, innovation or exploration. Most important, the United States has not launched any effort to build new institutions to accommodate its increasingly diverse population of more than 300 million.The result is that Americas university system, des

16、pite its historical pre-eminence, has ceased to grow. Furthermore, Americas university system has failed to adapt to the dramatic demographic shifts occurring as a result of social mobility and immigration.America needs to realize that its universities face real competition from the rest of the worl

17、d to attract the best and the brightest, to secure resources and to provide environments that educate and inspire. This is not to say that the best American universities are no longer the leaders in discovery and innovation. It is to say that the success of the higher-education system must be measur

18、ed by more than just innovations. Its long-term performance depends on its ability to provide learning to a broad cross sections of citizens, to advance national proficiency in math and science and to create an adaptable work force, as well as to develop a national appreciation for discovery, entrep

19、reneurship and the creative process.In China and elsewhere, these are the goals of the new universities being built. In the United States, we need to move from a national self-confidence based on past success to one built on the knowledge that we are advancing a system of higher education that will

20、meet our future needs. This will require that policymakers, business leaders and universities rededicate themselves to creating comprehensive learning and discovery environments; design entirely new models and methods for teaching, and then take action to implement them.（分数：10.00）(1).According to th

21、e author, US modern universities _A is a perfect system which can deal with everything.B is a system which is developing rapidly.C is a trinity of teaching, learning and research.D is a place for innovation and creation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).New universities have been established among many other cou

22、ntries in order to _A bring bad news to the US.B make use of the power for development.C be measured by innovation.D force the US to build up more universities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the problem that US universities have faced since 2000?A Loss of the predominant position in artistic innovatio

23、ns.B Lack of the reestablishment of famed universities.C Failure to attract the best brains throughout the world.D Need of a comprehensive learning and studying environment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is the goal of China to build up new universities?A Providing wider opportunities o

24、f education for oversea students.B Elevating the science and technology level of the whole country.C Focusing on the position of science and technology innovation leader.D Creating a culture of appreciation of science and technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that the most

25、 possible direction of university reform in the US is _A offering more attractive scholarships.B developing advanced economic theories.C finding a better system for learning and researching.D spending more money for hardware improvement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Ted Kennedy gazes

26、 from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs“, where all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is the

27、 Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him.As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration s

28、ystem in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers

29、verify that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens punishments for those who knowingly hire illegals.As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further waves of illegal imm

30、igration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without hope of success ) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talk-radio echoed his call.

31、No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced.Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool of labor

32、that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protections“ for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400000 to 200000 people a year.Employers like the idea of more legal migra

33、nts but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even if only one employee in a hundred is false

34、ly labelled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantagesillegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand.Oth

35、er groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is “about fa

36、milies and family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill it to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success.Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard

37、and behave.（分数：10.00）(1).Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph toA introduce the main topic of immigration law reforming.B remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility.C stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage.D emphasize the fact that even a S

38、enator is a descendant of immigrants.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true about the present bill?A The bill is widely supported by various political strips.B The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants.C The bill is designed to improve American immigration system.D Th

39、e bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “stoned“ (line 1, paragraph3 ) most probably meansA stiffened. B constructed. C criticized. D supported（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can inferred from the passage thatA the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-b

40、ehaved illegals.B the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving success.C employers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill.D illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards this immigratio

41、n reform seems to beA supportive. B objective. C confused. D optimistic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If American investors have learned any lesson in the last 25 years, it is to buy shares on the dips. The slide in 2000-2002 may have been longer and deeper than they were used to but norma

42、l service was eventually resumed, driving the Dow Jones Industrial Average to a record high on October 1st.Among American financial commentators, it is almost universally accepted that shares always rise over the long run. And one ought to expect shares (which are risky) to deliver a higher return t

43、han risk free assets such as government bonds.Nevertheless, investors ought also to remember the worlds second largest economy, Japan. Its most popular stock-market average, the Nikkei 225, peaked at 38,915 on the last trading day of the 1980s; this week, nearly 18 years later, it is still only arou

44、nd 17,000, less than half its peak. Buying on the dips did not work either.Professionals of the London Business School examined the record of 16 stock markets which were in continuous operation over the course of the 20th century. In itself, this selection showed survivorship bias by excluding the l

45、ikes of Russia and China. The academies found that only three other countries could match the American record of having no 20-year periods with negative real returns.Other investors were far less lucky. Japanese, French, German and Spanish investors all suffered instances where they had to wait 50-6

46、0 years to earn a positive real return. It was no good following the famous advice to “put the shares in a drawer and forget about them“; the furniture would not have lasted that long.Besides survivorship bias, there is another problem with the belief that stock markets must always go up. Investors

47、will keep buying until prices reach stratospheric(稳定的) levels. That clearly happened in Japan in the late 1980s, and after seven years, it is still not much more than half its peak level.A significant proportion of the return from equities in the second half of the 20th century came from a re-rating

48、 of shares; investors were willing to pay a higher multiple for profits. But re-rating cannot continue forever.If investors want a simple parallel with share prices, they need only mm to the American housing market. Back in 2005 an economic adviser to the president said,“ Weve never had a decline in

49、 housing prices on a nationwide basis. What I think is more likely is that house prices will slow, maybe stabilize.“Lots of people took the same view and were willing to borrow (and lend) on a vast scale on the grounds that higher house prices would always bail them out. They are now counting their losses. Investors in equitie