【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)ResponsibilitiesWe all have them; most of us have more than wed like. That doesnt change the reality that, sooner or later, we all have to (1) up to them. But perhaps it does explain our (2) to add to the ever-growi

2、ng list. Theres already so much to do in a day, why tack on an (3) burden?Unfortunately, its this kind of defeatist mentality (4) keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper (5) and exercise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits youll derive from (6) the nece

3、ssary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make (7) the way. I cant count how many times Ive heard the same (8) . Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work. So is taking the (9) to eat right. (10) yourself on the couch or having drinks with friends after work

4、 is a lot easier than exercising, and hitting the McDonalds drive-thru takes a lot less time than cooking a (11) at home. But channel surfing, margaritas and a Quarter Pounder With Cheese arent going to produce some of the things worth havinga low cholesterol level or the (12) to go shirtless on the

5、 beach. Those benefits demand a (13) effort. Im not saying you should eschew the (14) night on the town or gourmet meal at a five-star restaurant. Both have their (15) and are components of a well-rounded life. Ive enjoyed my (16) of revelry and fine (17) and look forward to those special opportunit

6、ies to experience more of the good life. But Ive managed to find a balance between those (18) pleasures and a permanent (19) to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because, (20) , it is the latter that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.（分数：50.00）(1).A. come B. catch

7、 C. confront D. face（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. resistance B. reluctance C. persistence D. existence（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. exact B. external C. extra D. extensive（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. that B. which C. what D. who（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. food B. nutrition C. diet D. recreation（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. se

8、tting in B. putting in C. getting in D. cutting in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. along B. by C. on D. in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. reasons B. questions C. doubts D. excuses（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. chance B. effort C. time D. interest（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. Throwing B. Planting C. Sitting D. Placing（分数：2.50）A.

9、B.C.D.(11).A. dish B. dinner C. meal D. hamburger（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. pride B. confidence C. enthusiasm D. inspiration（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. long-time B. long-range C. long-term D. long-distance（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. additional B. emotional C. occasional D. sensational（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A

10、. place B. position C. location D. attraction（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. share B. part C. portion D. section（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. meal B. diet C. dining D. eating（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. short-dated B. short-lived C. short-legged D. short-tempered（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. coherence B. experience C. a

11、dherence D. remembrance（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. in a word B. in the end C. in the future D. in a nutshell（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a socia

12、l agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service (1) (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, (2) there are opportunities for overseas service for (3) technicians in developing countries. Some people, (4) those who retire early, (5) their technical and business

13、 skills in countries (6) there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or (7) community service, there are more opportunities than there (8) were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time (9) , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This m

14、eans that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. (10) some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not (11) them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with diff

15、erent (12) , both personal and (13) . One should not join them (14) to arm them with professional experience; they must be joined with commitment to the (15) , not business efficiency. Because salaries are (16) or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take

16、 part in community service for (17) , simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possible (18) retirement were also possible during ones working life, but they are to be undertaken (19) seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do

17、 should not consider (20) community service.（分数：50.00）(1).A. oversea B. over sea C. over seas D. overseas（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. as B. so C. then D. that（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. quantity B. qualifying C. quality D. qualified（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. partially B. partly C. particularly D. passionately（分

18、数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. order B. operate C. offer D. occupy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. which B. where C. as D. that（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. pay（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. before B. lately C. never D. ever（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. team B. number C. staff D. crowd（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(1

19、0).A. In B. By C. With D. Through（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. look at B. comment C. enjoy D. judge（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. subjective B. subjects C. objectives D. objects（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. organization B. organizational C. organized D. organizing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. expecting B. to expect C. b

20、eing expected D. expected（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. course B. cause C. case D. caution（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. little B. small C. large D. big（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. free B. freedom C. money D. something（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. before B. on C. in D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. much B. very much C. no

21、more D. no less（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. to be taken B. to take C. taking D. being taken（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(三)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)ResponsibilitiesWe all have them; most of us have more than wed like. That doesnt change the reality that, soone

22、r or later, we all have to (1) up to them. But perhaps it does explain our (2) to add to the ever-growing list. Theres already so much to do in a day, why tack on an (3) burden?Unfortunately, its this kind of defeatist mentality (4) keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper (5) and exer

23、cise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits youll derive from (6) the necessary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make (7) the way. I cant count how many times Ive heard the same (8) . Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work.

24、 So is taking the (9) to eat right. (10) yourself on the couch or having drinks with friends after work is a lot easier than exercising, and hitting the McDonalds drive-thru takes a lot less time than cooking a (11) at home. But channel surfing, margaritas and a Quarter Pounder With Cheese arent goi

25、ng to produce some of the things worth havinga low cholesterol level or the (12) to go shirtless on the beach. Those benefits demand a (13) effort. Im not saying you should eschew the (14) night on the town or gourmet meal at a five-star restaurant. Both have their (15) and are components of a well-

26、rounded life. Ive enjoyed my (16) of revelry and fine (17) and look forward to those special opportunities to experience more of the good life. But Ive managed to find a balance between those (18) pleasures and a permanent (19) to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because, (20) , it is the latte

27、r that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.（分数：50.00）(1).A. come B. catch C. confront D. face（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查短语辨析。come up to 的意思是“等于，达到”，catch up to 的意思是“赶上，跟上”，confront 的意思是“遭遇，面临”，不能和 up to搭配，face up to 表示“勇敢地对付(或接受)”。本句中的 them指的是前面提到的 responsibilities，所以选 D

28、项。(2).A. resistance B. reluctance C. persistence D. existence（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据上下文，大多数人承担的责任比自己愿意承担的多，但这无法改变他们迟早要承担更多责任的事实。由此可见在责任面前，人们无法抵制，而是不情愿。所以作者说这也许正是在越来越多的责任面前人们不乐意的原因，正确答案为 Breluctance“勉强，不情愿”。resistance“抵抗。反抗”，persistence“持续，坚持”，existence“存在”均不合文意。(3).A. exact B. external C.

29、extra D. extensive（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句意为：每天要做的事情已经很多，何必再增加_负担。从上文的意思可以判断正确选项为 Cextra“额外的”。exact“准确的，精确的”，external“外部的”，extensive“广泛的”，均不合文意。(4).A. that B. which C. what D. who（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查语法结构。这是一个强调句，强调句型的结构为 It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分。此处被强调的主语是 defeatist mentality，所以选 A项。(5).

30、A. food B. nutrition C. diet D. recreation（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本文主旨是鼓励人们通过合理的饮食和体育锻炼来提高生活的整体质量。food指具体某种食物，不能概括天天饮食，nutrition 的意思是“营养”，diet 是“日常饮食，平时营养”，recreation 指“消遣，娱乐”。待选项与 exercise(体育锻炼)构成并列，根据句子意思，C 项为正确答案。本句意思是：很遗憾，正是这种失败主义者的心理使人们不想通过合理的饮食和体育锻炼来提高生活质量。(6).A. setting in B. putting i

31、n C. getting in D. cutting in（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。set in 意思是“开始”，put in 意思是“花费，付(时间、精力等)”，get in意思是“加入，收割”，cut in 意思是“插嘴”。后面的名词是 necessary work，合适的搭配选项应是 put in，正确答案为 B项。(7).A. along B. by C. on D. in（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。along the way 表示“在的过程中”，by the way 意思为“在途中，附带说说”，on the way

32、 意思是“来到，接近，在进行中”，in the way 为“挡道的，妨碍人的”之意。根据句子意思，正确答案是 A项。本句意为：合理饮食和体育锻炼换来的身体健康值得在坚持过程中所做的任何牺牲。(8).A. reasons B. questions C. doubts D. excuses（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。reason 是“原因”，question 是“问题”，doubt 是“怀疑”，excuse 是“借口”。前两段都是在说明人们为什么不愿为坚持合理饮食和体育锻炼付出额外的努力，question 和doubt可以首先排除，而 excuse比 reason

33、更准确，不能坚持合理饮食、体育锻炼只能是人们的借口，而不是正常理由，所以选 D项。(9).A. chance B. effort C. time D. interest（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。take a chance 的意思是“冒险，投机”，take the effort to do sth. 的意思是“花精力去做某事”，take the time to do sth. 为固定说法，意思是“花时间去做某事”，take interest后面不能搭配不定式。后面那句话提到去麦当劳当然比自己做饭省时间，可见此处强调时间，所以答案为 C项。(10).A. Thr

34、owing B. Planting C. Sitting D. Placing（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。throw oneself on 的意思是“一下倒在”，plant 有“使固定”的意思，sit是“坐，使就座”，place 是“放置，安置，安排”。根据句子的意思，plant 更形象贴切，本句意为：下班后一动不动地窝在沙发里或者去和朋友喝几杯当然比锻炼身体轻松多了。故答案为 B项。(11).A. dish B. dinner C. meal D. hamburger（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。dish 指某道菜，dinne

35、r 是“正餐”，meal 泛指一日三餐，hamburger 是“汉堡包”。本句没有特指哪一餐，故正确答案为 C项。(12).A. pride B. confidence C. enthusiasm D. inspiration（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。pride 为“骄傲，自豪”之意，confidence 是“信心，自信”，enthusiasm意思是“激情”，inspiration 则为“灵感”。只有体形健美的人才敢在海滩上 go shirtless(光着上身走)，啤酒肚不大有这样的信心。成天在电视机前不断换频道、贪杯嗜食的人胆固醇不可能低，也没信心 go

36、shirtless on the beach。所以正确答案为 B项。(13).A. long-time B. long-range C. long-term D. long-distance（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。long-time 的意思是“(已持续)长时间的”，long-range 是“(决定、计划等)长远的，长期的”，long-term 是“长期的”，long-distance 是“长途的”。本句的意思是：这些益处需要付出_努力，只有 C项符合题意。(14).A. additional B. emotional C. occasional D. s

37、ensational（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。additional 意思是“附加的，额外的”，emotional 意思是“情绪的，情感的”，occasional 意思是“偶尔的”，sensational 意思是“激起强烈感情的，令人兴奋的”。本句意为：我并不是说_到城里作乐或是去五星级饭店吃一顿都不可以。C 项符合题意。(15).A. place B. position C. location D. attraction（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。place，position 和 location都有“位置”之意，attr

38、action 为“吸引力”。have a place 是固定搭配，意思是“有一席之地，起一定作用”的意思。本句意思是：到镇子上一夜狂欢或是去饭店吃饭也是生活中不可缺少的成分。所以正确答案为 A项。(16).A. share B. part C. portion D. section（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。这四个词都有“部分”的意思，而 share强调“(某人应得或应负担的)一部分”，所以更为准确，正确答案是 A项。(17).A. meal B. diet C. dining D. eating（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本

39、句意为：我愿意分享快乐和美食，并满心期待那些可令我珍享生活美好的机会。四个选项都与吃饭有关，根据上下文可知这里指的是到饭店美餐，而不是家中普通的一日三餐。dining更合适，故答案为 C项。(18).A. short-dated B. short-lived C. short-legged D. short-tempered（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。short-dated 指“(票据等)短期的”，short-lived 指“短暂的”，short-legged意思是“腿短的”，short-tempered 意思是“急性子的”。根据上下文，被选词应当与perm

40、anent“永远的，永久的”是反义词，所以选 short-lived，故 B项是正确答案。(19).A. coherence B. experience C. adherence D. remembrance（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。本句意为：但我试图在那些短暂的快乐与长久的工作和健康饮食之间寻找到一种平衡状态。coherence 意思是“一致，协调”，experience 意思是“经验，经历”，adherence 意思是“遵守，坚持”，remembrance 意思是“回想，记忆”。这四个选项中只有 adherence能和 to搭配，因此 C项是正确答案。(

41、20).A. in a word B. in the end C. in the future D. in a nutshell（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。in a word 意思是“总之”，in the end 意思是“最终，结果”。in the future意思是“将来”，in a nutshell 意思是“简括地说”。这句话是将 short-lived pleasures和permanent adherence to a regular workout and a healthy diet对提高生活质量的作用进行比较，强调最终的结果，所以 in the

42、end为合适选项，正确答案为 B项。There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service (1) (VSO) for young people before they t

43、ake up full-time employment, (2) there are opportunities for overseas service for (3) technicians in developing countries. Some people, (4) those who retire early, (5) their technical and business skills in countries (6) there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or (7) community service, t

44、here are more opportunities than there (8) were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time (9) , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be

45、different. (10) some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not (11) them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different (12) , both personal and (13) . One should not join them (14) to arm them with professional experi

46、ence; they must be joined with commitment to the (15) , not business efficiency. Because salaries are (16) or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expense. But many retired people take part in community service for (17) , simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possi

47、ble (18) retirement were also possible during ones working life, but they are to be undertaken (19) seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider (20) community service.（分数：50.00）(1).A. oversea B. over sea C. over seas D. oversea

48、s（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查词汇知识。从此空所在句后半句“.there are opportunities for overseas service.”中的“overseas service”可知，此空应填“overseas”。Doverseas 可作形容词“外国的，海外的”：也可作副词“在海外”。本句前一个 overseas是副词，后一个 overseas是形容词。(2).A. as B. so C. then D. that（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。本句意为：_年轻人在参加全职工作前有机会参加海外志愿服务，发展中国家的_技术人员

49、也有机会参加海外服务。“just as.so”意为“正如也”。因此 Bso为正确答案。(3).A. quantity B. qualifying C. quality D. qualified（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查词语辨析。根据语境，此处意思应为：_技术人员有机会从事发展中国家的海外服务工作，Dqualified“有资格的，合格的”，符合句意，为正确答案。quantity 意为“量，数量”；qualifying意为“使具有资格的”；quality 意为“质量，品质”，均不符合题意。(4).A. partially B. partly C. particularly D. passionately（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。根据语境，此处意思应为：一些人，尤其是那些退休早的人。此处表示强调。故 Cparticularly“特别地，尤其地”为正确答案。partially“部分地”，partly“部分地，不完全地”，passionat