【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)If there is one thing that could halt the ascent of social networks, it is the thorny question of privacy. This is (1) because it goes right to the (2) of the social-networking business model. In order to attract us

2、ers, sites need to offer ways for members to restrict the information about themselves that gets shared with a wider (3) . But if a site allows members to keep too much of their information privacy, there will be less (4) that can be turned into profit through advertising and various other means, so

3、 the networks business will (5) .There is some evidence that people are starting to become more (6) about the way in which they (7) their data, which could have longer-term (8) for the networks growth. Research published last year showed that some 60% of adults are restricting (9) to their online pr

4、ofiles.(10) , the social networks have partly brought this on themselves. In order to offer a better service, many have created (11) sets of privacy controls that allow users to switch between different levels of protection to (12) their online data. Facebook has excessive controls that can be adjus

5、ted to create different levels of (13) . Default settings for younger people on social-networking sites are often more (14) than those for adults to (15) they are protected from unwanted attention.Social networks (16) applause for developing these fine-grained controls. But their desire for profit c

6、an put them on a (17) course with privacy activists, regulators and their users. One bone of contention is social networks (18) to draw attention to their privacy statements. The reason for this might be concern about “privacy reassurance“: the worry that (19) people to privacy as a potential issue

7、will make them less (20) to share things, even if robust privacy controls are available.（分数：50.00）(1).A. compulsory B. controversial C. comprehensive D. conventional（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. heart B. bottom C. verge D. head（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. society B. faculty C. public D. audience（分数：2.50）A.B.C.

8、D.(4).A. current B. business C. traffic D. resource（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. survive B. withstand C. split D. suffer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. disciplined B. motivated C. sophisticated D. accustomed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. manage B. collect C. interpret D. analyze（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. inspirations B. as

9、sociations C. implications D. projections（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. approach B. consent C. response D. access（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. As it happens B. By comparison C. Generally speaking D. Above all（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. exquisite B. extensive C. exceptional D. exclusive（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. crow

10、n B. stamp C. shield D. mirror（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. ingenuity B. consistency C. intricacy D. confidentiality（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. productive B. restrictive C. instructive D. conservative（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. ensure B. confirm C. verify D. pledge（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. deserve B. draw C. de

11、mand D. derive（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. competition B. coalition C. circulation D. collision（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. preference B. inability C. reluctance D. likelihood（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. alerting B. reminding C. arousing D. startling（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. vulnerable B. qualified C. sensitive

12、D. inclined（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of ec

13、onomic and industrial changes and partly to improve. (4) position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans

14、 (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) . Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not

15、 fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (14)

16、 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar“ job is (15) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to thes

17、e fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Ea

18、ch occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：50.00）(1).A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. largely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. its B.

19、his C. our D. their（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. make B. fit C. take D. leave（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. job B. way C. means D. company（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. to B. for C. without D. with（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. little B. few C. much D. a lot（

20、分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. our B. its C. your D. their（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. preferences B. require

21、ments C. tendencies D. ambitions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. a B. any C. no D. the（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal（分数：2.

22、50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. towards B. against C. out of D. without（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risks（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲社会伦理类-(一)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)If there is one thing that could halt the ascent of social networks, it is the tho

23、rny question of privacy. This is (1) because it goes right to the (2) of the social-networking business model. In order to attract users, sites need to offer ways for members to restrict the information about themselves that gets shared with a wider (3) . But if a site allows members to keep too muc

24、h of their information privacy, there will be less (4) that can be turned into profit through advertising and various other means, so the networks business will (5) .There is some evidence that people are starting to become more (6) about the way in which they (7) their data, which could have longer

25、-term (8) for the networks growth. Research published last year showed that some 60% of adults are restricting (9) to their online profiles.(10) , the social networks have partly brought this on themselves. In order to offer a better service, many have created (11) sets of privacy controls that allo

26、w users to switch between different levels of protection to (12) their online data. Facebook has excessive controls that can be adjusted to create different levels of (13) . Default settings for younger people on social-networking sites are often more (14) than those for adults to (15) they are prot

27、ected from unwanted attention.Social networks (16) applause for developing these fine-grained controls. But their desire for profit can put them on a (17) course with privacy activists, regulators and their users. One bone of contention is social networks (18) to draw attention to their privacy stat

28、ements. The reason for this might be concern about “privacy reassurance“: the worry that (19) people to privacy as a potential issue will make them less (20) to share things, even if robust privacy controls are available.（分数：50.00）(1).A. compulsory B. controversial C. comprehensive D. conventional（分

29、数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。该句意为：隐私问题是_，因为它触及到社交网站经营模式的核心。下文对此原因进行了具体的阐释：网站为吸引用户需要提供隐私保护，但为了获利又不能过分保护用户的隐私。由此可知社交网站经营中隐私问题是“有争议的”，所以 B项正确。Acompulsory“(因法律或规则而)必须做的”，Ccomprehensive“全部的，详尽的”，Dconventional“墨守成规的”均不合题意。(2).A. heart B. bottom C. verge D. head（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。设空部分指出了“棘手的隐私

30、问题”与“社交网站经营模式”的关系。下文对这一关系作出了具体阐述，即社交网站的经营，无论是吸引用户还是获利都与用户隐私密切相关。所以将 A项代入，意为“隐私问题触及到社交网站经营模式的核心”，为正确答案。B 项的搭配为 get to the bottom of sth. “找到起因；挖出祸根”，C 项用于 on/to the verge of sth. “濒于，接近于”，D项的搭配为 go to ones head“使人过于骄傲，冲昏头脑”，都不符合题意，可排除。(3).A. society B. faculty C. public D. audience（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解

31、析：解析 考查名词辨析。设空处为 that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the information about themselves，意为：(网络会员)与更广泛的_分享的个人信息。C 项在文中特指“使用社交网站的这一群体”，为正确选项。Asociety“社会，社团”，Bfaculty“(高等院校中院、系的)全体教师”，Daudience“观众，听众”，都可表示特定的一群人，但不符合文意。(4).A. current B. business C. traffic D. resource（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本句意为：如果网站允许会员过多地保护个人隐私，那

32、么可通过广告和其他方式转变为利润的_将会减少。该名词指“通过广告等方式给网站带来利润的事物”。C 项在文中指“网站的人流量”，即“网站的访问量、浏览量”，符合文意。Acurrent“水流，气流，电流”，Bbusiness生意，营业额”，Dresource“资源”，均不符合题意。(5).A. survive B. withstand C. split D. suffer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。第一段最后一句意为：如果网站过分保护用户的隐私，其获利将会减少，因而网站的生意会_。将 Dsuffer 代入文中，意为“网站生意受损”，符合题意。Asurvive“(在

33、逆境中)继续存在”，与文意不符；Bwithstand“抵挡，反抗”为及物动词，必须接sth. ，不符合要求。Csplit“分裂，分离”也不符合文意。(6).A. disciplined B. motivated C. sophisticated D. accustomed（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本题与下题可以一起思考并回答。第二段开始指出，有证据表明人们个人资料的手段开始变得更加_。紧跟着给出了研究数据，即 60%的成年人限制他人查看自己的网上简介。显然，这一证据表明“人们管理个人资料的手段更加老练成熟，个人隐私保护意识加强”。故Csophisticat

34、ed“久经世故的，富有经验的”为正确答案。Adisciplined“有纪律的”，Bmotivated“有动机的，有积极性的”，Daccustomed“习惯的，通常的”，均不符合文意。(7).A. manage B. collect C. interpret D. analyze（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。由上题的分析可知，设空处所在句意为“人们管理个人资料的手段更加老练成熟”，A 项为正确答案。Bcollect“收集”，Cinterpret“解释，说明”，Danalyze“分析”，均不正确。(8).A. inspirations B. associations

35、 C. implications D. projections（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。设空处为 which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。意为：这(人们的隐私保护意识加强)将对网站的发展产生长远的_。根据上文可知，加强隐私保护会制约网站的发展，使其收益受损，所以不可能是鼓舞人心的事情，可排除 A项。Bassociations“联系，联想”和Dprojections“预测，推断，设想”亦不符合文意。C 项指“可能的影响”，符合文意。(9).A. approach B. consent C. response D. access（分数：2.50）A.B

36、.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。该句用具体数据证明了“人们个人隐私保护意识日趋加强”。设空处的名词作 restrict的宾语，其后有 to引导的介词短语作后置定语。D 项代入文中指“限制了(他人)查看自己网上简介的权利”，正是人们隐私保护意识加强的体现，符合题意。approach“方式，态度；靠近，接近”，consent“同意，准许”，response“回答，反应”，均不合题意。(10).A. As it happens B. By comparison C. Generally speaking D. Above all（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查上下文理解。设

37、空处填入的短语应使本句在语义逻辑上与上文衔接。根据就近指代原则，句中 this指代上文(第二段)提到的“人们的隐私保护意识日趋加强”的现象。所以本句指出：在某种程度上社交网站使自己遭受了这一现象的影响。首段提到，社交网站为吸引用户需要提供保护隐私的方法；下文紧接着提到为了提供更好的服务，很多网站为用户创建了多套隐私控制(模式)。可见，网站自己的做法就是导致这一现象的原因。A 项用于强调与上文所谈之事有关联，代入文中意为“社交网站算是自作自受”，符合文意。By comparison“比较起来，较之”，Generally speaking“一般来说”，Above all“最重要的是”，均不合文意。

38、(11).A. exquisite B. extensive C. exceptional D. exclusive（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句对段首主题句作进一步的阐述：为了提供更好的服务，很多网站创建了_套隐私控制(模式)。空格处的形容词修饰 sets(套)，根据前文分析，Bextensive“大量的，广泛的”为正确答案。exquisite“精致的，雅致的”，exceptional“卓越的，特别的”，exclusive“专有的，高档的，”均不符合文意。(12).A. crown B. stamp C. shield D. mirror（分数：2.50

39、）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处为 that引导的定语从句修饰 privacy controls，该句意为：隐私控制模式允许用户在不同程度的防卫模式中进行切换以_自己的网上个人资料。C 项与前面的protection相呼应，填入文中意为“保护某物免遭侵扰”，符合题意。crown“(尤指通过增添成就、成功等)使圆满，使完美”，stamp“铭记，标出”，mirror“反映”，均不符合文意。(13).A. ingenuity B. consistency C. intricacy D. confidentiality（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。本

40、句通过举 Facebook的例子说明上一句提到的“社交网站创建隐私控制工具以便用户更好地保护隐私”。即脸谱网拥有过多可供调节的控制工具来实现不同等级的_。显然，设空处的名词应表示“隐私保护程度”，故选项 Dconfidentiality“机密性”符合文意。ingenuity“独创力，聪明才智”，consistency“一致性，连贯性”，intricacy“错综复杂”，均不符合文意。(14).A. productive B. restrictive C. instructive D. conservative（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。本句意为：社交网站通常为

41、青少年提供比成人更为_系统默认设置，以使他们免遭多余的关注。显然，由于青少年的自我保护意识没有成人强烈，所以网站应为他们提供比成人限制更为严格的系统默认设置。Brestrictive“限制性的，约束的”符合题意。productive“有效益的，富有成效的”，instructive“有益的，教育性的”，conservative“保守的，守旧的”，均不合文意。(15).A. ensure B. confirm C. verify D. pledge（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句意为：社交网站为青少年提供严格的系统默认设置以_他们免遭多余的关注。ensure 接宾

42、语从句，意为“确保他们免遭多余的关注”，体现出社交网站如此设置的目的，为正确答案。B 项和 C项均表示“证实”，pledge 的主语为组织或个人，此处主语为物。所以排除B、C、D 三项。(16).A. deserve B. draw C. demand D. derive（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。本句意为：社交网站因开发出这些高密度控制模式而_掌声。Adeserve“应受，应得”肯定了社交网站为保护用户隐私而付出的努力，为正确答案。B 项可与applause搭配，但用于 draw sth. from sb. 的结构中。C 项代入意为强烈要求掌声，也不合文意。

43、Dderive 表“获得”仅用于 derive sth. from sth. 结构，亦排除。(17).A. competition B. coalition C. circulation D. collision（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。设空句指出社交网站的赢利本质：但对利润的渴望却将使他们处于与隐私保护活跃人士、监管者以及用户相互_的路线上。首段指出“社交网站为了获利不能过分保护用户的隐私”，这必然会导致它和隐私捍卫者之间的利益相抵触，故 Dcollision“冲突，碰撞”为正确答案。competition“竞争，比赛”，coalition“联合，结合”，

44、circulation“传递，流传，流通”均不合文意。(18).A. preference B. inability C. reluctance D. likelihood（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。设空句承接上文，继续说明社交网站与监管者、用户之间冲突的表现：双方争论的焦点在于社交网站_让用户注意到他们的隐私声明。根据前文分析，reluctance (to do sth. )“不情愿，勉强”符合文意。preference (for sth. )“偏爱，喜爱”，inability (to do sth. )“无能，不能”，likelihood“可能，可能性”，

45、均不符合文意。(19).A. alerting B. reminding C. arousing D. startling（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动名词辨析。设空句给出社交网站不愿意用户注意到其隐私声明的理由：可能是对“隐私保证(声明)”有所忧虑，担心让人们_隐私这个潜在的问题反而导致他们不_分享东西。四个选项中只有 A项 alerting (sb. to sth. )“使意识到，使认识到”符合题意。remind (sb. about/of sth. )“提醒，使想起”，arouse (sb. from sth. )“唤醒”，startle“使惊吓，使大吃一惊”均不

46、合文意。(20).A. vulnerable B. qualified C. sensitive D. inclined（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查形容词短语辨析。冒号后为名词 the worry和 that引导的同位语从句。由上题分析可知，从句部分解释说明社交网站对“隐私保证(声明)”的忧虑。D 项代入指出让人们意识到隐私这个潜在的问题将使他们不愿意分享东西，符合题意。A 项和 C项不接不定式。不符合文中用法。B 项代入文中“导致他们不够资格去分享东西”，不符合题意。Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specia

47、lized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve. (4) position. The “one per

48、fect job“ does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Kno

49、wing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) . Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, (13) both the relat