【考研类试卷】考研英语23及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语 23及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are ne

2、eded for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- their

3、elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However,

4、a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs. Vitamins are organic compounds necessary, in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, -|_|- do they construct or build part of the body. They are

5、needed for -|_|- foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if -|_|- is missing a deficiency disease becomes -|_|- . Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and -|_|- nitrogen. They are different -|_|- thei

6、r elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin -|_|- one or more specific functions in the body. -|_|- enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for -|_|- vitamins. M people, -|_|- , believe in being on the “safe side“ and thus take extra vitamins. However

7、, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.（分数：1.00）A.eitherB.soC.norD.never二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2. Read the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) state its main idea, and 3) give your comment. You should w

8、rite about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Read the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon, 2) state its main idea, and 3) give your comment. You should write about 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三

9、、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably iii pati

10、ents who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says

11、Hofsess:“ We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.“ The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practic

12、al implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-w-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the fide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technolog

13、y and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada ,where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern T

14、erritory law, an adult patient can request deathprobably by a deadly injection or pillto put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for dea

15、th can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point o

16、f view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,“ he says. （分数：1.00）(1). From the second paragraph we learn that_.（分数：0.25）A.the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB.physicians and ci

17、tizens share the same view on euthanasiaC.changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawD.it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage(2).When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means_.（分数：0.25）A.observers ar

18、e taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB.similar bills are likely to be passed in the US ,Canada and other countriesC.observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD.the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop(3).When Lloyd Nicks

19、on dies, he will_.（分数：0.25）A.face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB.experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC.have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD.undergo a cooling off period of seven days(4). The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of_.（分数：0.25）A.op

20、positionB.suspicionC.approvalD.indifferenceMuch of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as“ steering the economy to a soft landing“ or“ a touch on the brakes“, makes it sound Like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation

21、 is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, cen

22、tral bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries expe

23、rienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about

24、 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have bee

25、n particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas ,have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and i

26、ts jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemploymentthe rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful st

27、ructural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. （分数：1.00）(1). From the passage we learn that _ .（分数：0.25）A.there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest ratesB.economy will always follow cert

28、ain modelsC.the economic situation is better than expectedD.economists had foreseen the present economic situation(2).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：0.25）A.Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car.B.An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.A

29、 high unemployment rate will result from inflation.D.Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.(3). The sentence“ This is no flash in the pan“ ( Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that _.（分数：0.25）A.the low inflation rate will last for some timeB.the inflation rate will soon riseC.the inflation

30、will disappear quicklyD.there is no inflation at present(4). The passage shows that the author is _ the present situation.（分数：0.25）A.critical ofB.puzzled byC.disappointed atD.amazed atIt may seem an exaggeration to say that ambition is the linchpin of society, holding many of its different elements

31、together, but it is not an exaggeration by much. Remove ambition and the essential elements of society seem to fly apart. Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social, of a kind society cannot survive without. Ambition is i

32、ntimately connected with family, for men and women not only work partly for their families;husbands and wives are often ambitious for each other, but harbor some of their most eager ambitions for their children. Yet to have a family nowadays-with birth control readily available, and inflation a good

33、 economic argument against having children-is nearly an expression of ambition in itself. Ambition and futurity-a sense of building for tomorrow-are inescapable. Working, saving, planning-these, the daily aspects of ambition-have always been the distinguishing marks of a rising middle class. The att

34、ack against ambition is not incidentally an attack on the middle class and what it stands for. Like it or not, the middle class has done much of societys work in America;and it, the middle class, has from the beginning run on ambition. It is not difficult to imagine a world stripped of ambition. It

35、would probably be a kinder world:without demands and disappointments. People would have time for reflection. Such work as they did would not be for themselves but for the collectivity. Competition would never enter in. Conflict would be eliminated, tension become a thing of the past. The stress of c

36、reation would be at an end. The family would become superfluous as a social unit, with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away. Longevity would be increased, for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by confused endeavor. Anxiety would be extinct. Time would s

37、tretch on and on, with ambition long departed from the human heart. We do not choose our parents, our historical epoch, the country of our birth or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die;nor do we choose the time or conditions of our death. But within all

38、 this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live:courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose or in drift. We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matt

39、er how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about. （分数：1.00）(1).The author holds ambition to be（分

40、数：0.20）A.the intuition of every social member.B.the shared link between social units.C.the vital part of the social machine.D.the essential feature of social elements.(2).Ambition closely relates to family in that（分数：0.20）A.its members hold great expectations of each other.B.its the right place for

41、free revelation of ambitions.C.its what people are driving and competing for.D.it serves as a shelter for concealing ambitions.(3).What distinguishes us one from another seems to be（分数：0.20）A.the keen fantasy of gaining honor and fortune.B.the determination of ones goal and way in life.C.the reflect

42、ion on general indifference to ambition.D.the comprehension of the implications of ambition.(4). The middle class is attacked owing to all of the following EXCEPT that（分数：0.20）A.ambition has increasingly become its domain.B.ambition has brought about its emergence.C.its contribution to society has i

43、nvited jealousy.D.its pursuit of success in life marks its existence.(5).The author believes that without ambition（分数：0.20）A.our world would be stern, calm and stable.B.our work motives would be unquestionable.C.our life would be much lighter and longer.D.our life would become still and tedious.U.S.

44、 prisons are filled with drug offenders; the number of prisoners tripled over the past 20 years to nearly 2 million, with 60 to 70 per cent testing positive for substance abuse on arrest. The country has spent billions of dollars attacking the problem at its roots. But there is growing consensus tha

45、t the “war on drug“ has been lost. The United States is still the worlds largest consumer of illegal substances; cocaine continues to pour over the border from Mexico. “Traffic“ taps into the national frustration, depicting the horrors of both drugs and the drug war. Without taking sides, the film i

46、lluminates the national debate and poses on alternative that Americans seem increasingly willing to consider: finding new ways to treat, rather than merely punish, drug abuse. Policy revolutionslike legalizing narcotics (drugs producing sleep or insensibility) remain a distant dream. But there is gr

47、owing public awareness that the money and energy wasted on trying to check the flow of drugs into the United States might be better spent on trying to control demand instead. Voters in several states are far ahead of the politicians, approving ballot initiatives that offer more treatment opinions. “

48、Drugs courts“ that allow judges to use carrots and sticks to compel substance-abuse treatment have grown fifty-fold since the mid-1990s, part of a new understanding that, even with frequent relapses( returns to a formal state), treatment is much less expensive for society than jail and ban. Drug addiction is increasingly being viewed as more a disease than a crime