【考研类试卷】考研英语-817及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-817 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Money has become plastic in the age of the credit card, but in an increasing number of countries, cash really is becoming plastic. After more than 300 years in (1) , the traditional paper banknote is gradually being (2) by new p

2、olymer technology.Note Printing Australia (NPA), a wholly (3) subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Australia, is (4) the only company in the world making plastic money, and it is (5) on an aggressive strategy to (6) more countries to its cause.The (7) of plastic notes are considerable. They cost about

3、twice as much as paper notes but (8) four to five times as long-Australias $ 10 paper note had a(n) (9) life of eight months but plastic lasts at least 30 months. In Papua New Guinea the 2 kina (54 cents) paper note lasted only four months but its plastic (10) lasts 24 months. This increased life (1

4、1) is particularly important in Asia where environmental conditions (12) humidity drastically reduce the life of a paper note. Plastic notes also cause 38% fewer paper jams in ATMs.But the real (13) point is that plastic notes are very hard to counterfeit. With increased (14) to computer scanners an

5、d printers, even schoolchildren can now (15) . good quality counterfeit paper notes. According to the U. S. Secret Service, which is in (16) of the security of U. S. banknotes, the $ 100 bill is the most counterfeited note in the world. The $ 100 bill (17) for 65% of the $ 500 billion (18) of U. S.

6、banknotes in circulation, and an (19) 487,000 of these notes are fake-about 150 fakes per million notes. In Australia there are (20) about three fakes per million notes.（分数：10.00）A.calculationB.speculationC.circulationD.regulationA.substitutedB.replacedC.removedD.eliminatedA.monopolizedB.engrossedC.

7、occupiedD.ownedA.currentlyB.habituallyC.consequentlyD.temporarilyA.undertakingB.embarkingC.departingD.boardingA.transplantB.transferC.transformD.convertA.issuesB.advantagesC.concernsD.problemsA.extendB.stretchC.prolongD.lastA.averageB.normalC.regularD.ordinaryA.counterpartB.resemblanceC.replacementD

8、.successionA.expirationB.scopeC.expectancyD.rangeA.asB.likeC.forD.suchA.advertisingB.sellingC.bargainingD.promotingA.exposureB.avenueC.accessD.approachA.manufactureB.produceC.equipD.furnishA.expenseB.purchaseC.chargeD.pursuitA.countsB.accountsC.ascendsD.amountsA.valueB.significanceC.worthD.meritA.as

9、sessedB.estimatedC.judgedD.appraisedA.soB.henceC.onlyD.even二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as centra

10、l to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to hu

11、man resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is ne

12、ver consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk a

13、bout the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made

14、in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for exa

15、mple, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany ( as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for e

16、xtensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the

17、processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?（分数：2.00）A.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.B.The

18、y hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.C.They attach more importance to workers than equipment.D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.(2).What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American fn-m?（分数：2.00）A.He is one of the most impo

19、rtant executives in the firm.B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C.He is directly under the chief financial executive.D.He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.(3).The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to（分数：2.00）A.workers who ca

20、n operate new equipment.B.technological and managerial staff.C.workers who lack basic background skills.D.top executives.(4).According to the text, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competitive advantage is（分数：2.00）A.the introduction of new technologies.B.the rational composition of profess

21、ional and managerial employees.C.the improvement of workers basic skills.D.the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees.(5).What is the main idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.B.Extensive retraining

22、 is indispensable to effective human resource management.C.The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy.D.The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)No woman can be too rich or too

23、 thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such virtue.The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Cons

24、equently, I have been on a diet for the better-or worse-part of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a litt

25、le bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianitys seven deadly sins. However until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a

26、symbol of probable salvation and high moral,;, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mar of virtue. The result is that being fat-or even only somewhat overweight-is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.Our obsession

27、with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is tree that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being over-weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our w

28、ay of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor ea

29、t well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or alr

30、eady are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory.（分数：10.00）(1).What is a strange phenomenon nowadays in the eyes of the author?（分数：2.00）A.The Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue.B.Looki

31、ng slim is a symbol of having a large fortune.C.Being thin is viewed as a much desired quality.D.Religious people are not necessarily virtuous.(2).Influenced by the popular trend, the author（分数：2.00）A.had to go on a diet for the greater part of her life.B.could still prevent herself from going off t

32、he track.C.had to seek help from rich distant relatives.D.had to wear highly fashionable clothes.(3).In human history peoples views on body weight（分数：2.00）A.were closely related to their religious beliefs.B.led to different moral standards.C.varied between the poor and the rich.D.changed from time t

33、o time.(4).The author criticizes womens passion for thinness（分数：2.00）A.from an economic and educational perspective.B.from sociological and medical points of view.C.from a historical and religious standpoint.D.in the light of moral principles.(5).Whats the authors advice to women absorbed in the ide

34、a of thinness?（分数：2.00）A.They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.B.They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C.They should gain weight to look healthy.D.They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“The U.S. economy is rapidly deteri

35、orating,“ says Mr. Grannis. “The odds of a recession are now very high, perhaps by the end of the year. “ There are already some signs that important pillars are weakening. Consumer confidence has fallen for the past two months; and the housing sector, which has been buoyant, is starting to sink. Co

36、rporate profits are falling.Some analysts are especially concerned over the sharp fall of commodity prices. They believe it represents the threat of inflation, or falling prices in general. While this may be good for consumers, it could cause a global slowdown. “The Central Bank will have to act for

37、cefully to arrest the deflationary forces,“ says Robert LaMorte, chairman of Behavioral Economics, a consulting firm in San Diego.But others counter that the Central Bank doesnt need to intervene, and they argue it should wait to see real data before acting. “The fundamentals are better than the sto

38、ck market reflects,“ says Peter Kretzmer, an economist at Nationsbanc Montgomery Securities.The president also tried to do his part to calm the markets, citing the strong job market and balanced budget. “We believe our fundamental economic policy is sound,“ he said. His comments echoed statements by

39、 Treasury Secretary in Washington.Some numbers do continue to reflect a strong economy. On September 11, the Conference Board released its index of leading indicators. The index rose 0.4 percent, promoting the business organization to predict that the nations output should increase at a moderate pac

40、e for the rest of this year. The group sees little risk of recession in the near term.But what has changed is the global economy. Japan and the rest of Asia are in recession. The woes are spreading to Latin America.“Im convinced that we are going to have a global economic recession,“ says Sung Won S

41、ohn, chief economist at Norwest Corp. , a Minneapolis-based bank. But, he adds, its not certain the U.S. will slide into a period of negative growth. He rates the risk of recession at only 10 to 15 percent. “We will be responding to the world economic situation rather leading it,“ he says.Still, Fed

42、 watchers dont think the Central Bank will act to try to save the world. “Its inconceivable the Fed could make much difference in Asia, Russia, or Latin America,“ says Lyle Gramley, a former Fed governor.After the last stock market crash, the Federal Revenue acted quickly to provide liquidity to the

43、 markets and to lower interest rates. But the economy is in better shape this time. The banking sector is stronger and the financial markets have been able to respond to enormous trading volume.（分数：10.00）(1).What is Mr. Granniss viewpoint about Americas economy?（分数：2.00）A.Hes uncertain about its dev

44、elopment.B.Hes pessimistic about its development.C.Hes optimistic about its development.D.Hes indifferent about its current situation.(2).What is the belief of Treasury Secretary?（分数：2.00）A.He thinks Americas economic policy is sound.B.He shows disapproval about Americas economic policy.C.Hes pessim

45、istic about Americas economic policy.D.He has no confidence in American economy.(3).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The index of leading indicators dropped 0.4 percent.B.The commodity prices are increasing a lot in U. S.C.Some U.S. analysts question the capability of U. S. gove

46、rnment.D.S. economy is developing slowly.(4).It can be concluded from the text that（分数：2.00）A.S. economy will go into recession in the near future.B.effective measures should be taken to enhance U. S. economy.C.the government should continue its current policy.D.the Central Bank should play its role

47、 in the world economy.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The deteriorating global economy.B.Analysts worry about U.S. economy.C.The current development of U. S. economy.D.The current situation of world economy.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At the end of last we

48、ek, Bodega Aurrera, a Mexican subsidiary of the worlds biggest retailer, Wal-Mart, opened a new store in the village of San Juan Teotihuacan, just north of Mexico City. Normally, such an event would cause little stir. Wal-Mart is already Mexicos biggest retailer too. And its shops seem to go down ve

49、ry well with its millions of bargain-hungry customers. But this particular opening was, in fact, the culmination of months of protests, legal actions, hunger strikes and hyperbole by those determined to stop it.The reason is the location. Just 2. 5km away is the ancient city of Teotihuacan, probably Mexicos most famous archaeological site. Amongst other attractions, it boasts the third-largest ( by volume) pyramid in the world. For many Mexicans, the ancient site, abandoned by its mysterious inhabitants centuries before the Spanish conquerors a