【考研类试卷】考研英语-671及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-671 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Few scientific fields are as full of risk as that of research into human intelligence. The two questions that (1) over and over again are “is it a result of nature or nurture?“ and “does race make a difference?“Making (2) commen

2、ts about the second question can be a (3) move, as James Watson, a co-discoverer of DNA structure, recently found. He suggested that he was “ (4) about the prospect of Africa“ (5) “all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours (white people) (6) all the te

3、sting says not really“. Such (7) by Dr. Watson are not merely (8) , they are scientifically weird. If the term (9) has any useful scientific meaning, then Africa, the continent where modern humanity began, is most racially diverse. The resulting (10) among the public forced Dr. Watson to leave his l

4、aboratory.(11) , the study of the first question (12) between intelligence and genetics has some wiser practitioners. One of them, Terrie Moffitt, of Kings College, has just (13) a project judging the relative importance of nature and nurture. Dr. Moffitts team (14) the effect on intelligence of bre

5、astfeeding, but in a genetic context. Previous studies have shown that breastfed children are more intelligent, (15) about six IQ points, than those given baby formulas.The team, however, (16) the involvement of a gene called FADS2, which comes in two varieties, known as C and G. The researchers (17

6、) if these two varieties interacted differently with breast milk. (18) on data from two groups of people, they found that the intelligence increase associated with breastfeeding only happened to people having (19) at least one copy of the C variety. The effect did not. (20) on the social classes or

7、IQs of the parents.（分数：10.00）A.happenB.riseC.ariseD.arouseA.promptB.hastyC.generalD.stupidA.career-killingB.career-facilitatingC.time-consumingD.energy-savingA.gloomyB.optimisticC.concernedD.alarmedA.thereforeB.becauseC.soD.butA.howeverB.whereasC.sinceD.asA.policiesB.testsC.remarksD.questionsA.offen

8、siveB.confusingC.promisingD.objectiveA.intelligenceB.prospectC.societyD.raceA.findingB.uproarC.complexityD.puzzlementA.FortunatelyB.ParticularlyC.FurthermoreD.IndeedA.similaritiesB.differencesC.linksD.contradictionsA.sponsoredB.recommendedC.criticizedD.supervisedA.hadB.examinedC.discoveredD.suggeste

9、dA.withB.atC.toD.byA.suspectedB.doubtedC.disapprovedD.challengedA.questionedB.wonderedC.notedD.foundA.DecidingB.ActingC.DrawingD.ReflectingA.obtainedB.producedC.earnedD.inheritedA.dependB.focusC.leanD.count二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)FOR the past

10、 two years in Silicon Valley, the centre of Americas technology industry, conference-goers have entertained themselves playing a guessing game: how many times will a speaker mention the phrase “long tail“? It is usually a high number, thanks to the influence of the long tail theory, which was first

11、developed by Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired magazine, in an article in 2004. Though technologists and bloggers chuckle at how every business presentation now has to have its long-tail section, most are envious of Mr Anderson, whose brainwave quickly became the most fashionable business idea aro

12、und.Whether a blockbuster film, a bestselling novel, or a chart-topping rap song, popular culture idolizes the hit. Companies devote themselves to creating them because the cost of distribution and the limits of shelf space in physical shops mean that profitability depends on a high volume of sales.

13、 But around the beginning of this century a group of internet companies realized that with endless shelves and a national or even international audience online they could offer a huge range of productsand make money at the same time.The niche, the obscure and the specialist, Mr Anderson argues, will

14、 gain ground at the expense of the hit. As evidence, he points to a drop in the number of companies that traditionally calculate their revenue/sales ratio according to the 80/20 rulewhere the top fifth of products contribute four-fifths of revenues. Ecast, a San Francisco digital jukebox company, fo

15、und that 98% of its 10,000 albums sold at least one track every three months. Expressed in the language of statistics, the experiences of Ecast and other companies such as Amazon, an online bookseller, suggest that products down in the long tail of a statistical distribution, added together, can be

16、highly profitable. The internet helps people find their way to relatively obscure material with recommendations and reviews by other people and (for those willing to have their artistic tastes predicted by a piece of software) computer programs which analyze past selections.Long-tail enthusiasts arg

17、ue that the whole of culture will benefit, not just commercial enterprises. Television, film and music are such bewitching media in their own right that many people are quite happy to watch and listen to what the mainstream provides. But if individuals have the opportunity to pick better, more ideal

18、ly suited entertainment from a far wider selection, they will take it, according to the theory of the long tail. Some analysts reckon that entire populations might become happier and wiser once they have access to thousands of documentaries, independent films and sub-genres of every kind of music, i

19、nstead of being subjected to what Mr Anderson calls the tyranny of lowest-common-denominator fare. That might be taking things a bit far. But the long tail is certainly one of the internets better gifts to humanity.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, the author believes that_.（分数：2.00）A.

20、Americas technology industry prefers conferencesB.“long tail“ is a new concept of businessC.technologists mention “long tail“ in every speechD.long-tail section began to form in 2004(2).The 80/20 rule is used to_.（分数：2.00）A.prove the long tail theoryB.figure out financial ratioC.select profitable pr

21、oductsD.design procedures(3).With which of the following would the long-tail advocates most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.People are more willing to catch what the mainstream provides.B.People have more opportunities to find entertainment through computer.C.People would be happy for having access to a w

22、ider selection.D.People in the cultural field benefit most from the long tail theory.(4).The phrase “lowest-common-denominator“ (Line 9, Paragraph 4) probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the long tail theoryB.the disadvantaged groupC.the profitabilityD.the hit(5).Which of the following is the best title f

23、or the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Formulation of the Long Tail TheoryB.What the Long Tail Theory Will DoC.The Long Tail Theory VS. The 80/20 RuleD.The Decline of the Popular Culture五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the early days of the internet, the idea that it represented an entirely new and separate realm, di

24、stinct from the real world, was seized upon by both advocates and critics of the new technology. Advocates liked the idea that the virtual world was a placeless datasphere, liberated from constraints and restrictions of the real world, and an opportunity for a fresh start. For instance, John Perry B

25、arlow, an internet activist, issued the “Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace“ in February 1996. He thundered, “Governments of the industrial world, I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind. Cyberspace does not lie within your borders. We are creating a world that all may enter without

26、privilege or prejudice accorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.“Where Mr. Barlow and other cyber-Utopians found the separation between the real and virtual worlds exciting, however, critics regarded it as a cause for concern. They worried that people were spending too m

27、uch time online, communicating with people they had never even met in person in chat rooms, virtual game worlds and, more recently, on social-networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook. A study carried out by the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society in 2000, for example, found

28、 that heavy internet users spent less time talking to friends and family, and warned that the internet could be “the ultimate isolating technology“.Both groups were wrong, of course. The internet has not turned out to be a thing apart. Unpleasant aspects of the real world, such as taxes, censorship,

29、 crime and fraud are now features of the virtual world, too. Garners who make real money selling swords, gold and other items in virtual game worlds may now find that the tax man wants to know about it. Designers of virtual objects in Second Life, an online virtual world, are resorting to real-world

30、 lawsuits in order to protect their intellectual property.At the same time, however, some of the most exciting uses of the internet rely on coupling it with the real world. Social networking allows people to stay in touch with their friends online, and plan social activities in the real world. The d

31、istinction between online and offline chatter ceases to matter. Or consider Google Earth, which puts satellite images of the whole world on your desktop and allows users to link online data with specific physical locations.All these approaches treat the internet as an extension or an attachment to t

32、he physical world, not a separate space. Rather than seeing the real and virtual realms as distinct and conflicting, in short, it makes sense to see them as complementary and connected. The resulting fusion is not what the Utopians or the critics foresaw, but it suits the rest of us just fine.（分数：10

33、.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, internet advocates believed that_.（分数：2.00）A.the internet stood for progress of the technologyB.virtual realm was a world without boundariesC.cyberspace liberated the real worldD.cyberspace could be entered by anyone for free(2).Why is John Perry Barlow ment

34、ioned in Paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.To criticize governments of industrial countries.B.To show the influence of the internet.C.To advocate the equality for all.D.To illustrate the advocates favor to cyberspace.(3).The passage suggests that critics of the new technology_.（分数：2.00）A.were concerned about t

35、he separation of people from the real worldB.worried that friends would never meet in personC.were concerned that people were too engaged in social networksD.would believe the internet could isolate people online(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.virtual world is free from the

36、dark sides of the real worldB.there is no difference between chatting online and offline nowC.peoples activities online can also affect their real world activitiesD.people who make real money in virtual games have to pay taxes(5).From the passage we can find that the author_.（分数：2.00）A.supports both

37、 advocates and critics of the internetB.believes that the real and virtual worlds are interdependentC.is opposed to the fusion of the internet with the physical worldD.argues that real and virtual worlds are distinct and conflicting六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The iPod revolutionized the way we consume m

38、usic. The iPhone made us crazy for apps. And now the iPad is getting ready to rock our love livesor at least help improve our search for someone to communicate with. In late May, S will become the first dating site to launch an iPad application. The free app will be similar to the version thats alre

39、ady available to phone users: members can enter search criteria, such as age range, gender and physical preferences, and a HotMap will show in real time the locations of active Skout users who fit those criteria. The idea is to help members meet up and see if magic happens. The cool thing about the

40、iPad adaptation, says CEO Christian Wiklund, is that its screen is large enough to let the user view the map while simultaneously chatting and searching through another members photos.David Evans, editor of , says we can expect to see more innovative technology in a few months after companies get ac

41、quainted with the capabilities of the iPad. “What Im looking for are dating sites that are optimized for the iPad, with features native to the sleek computing device like (touch screen motions such as) pinch, twist, zoom and shake,“ he says. “Its the iPad thats going to enable developers to create e

42、ntirely new ways to browse, discover and connect with singles.“Steve Odom, CEO and founder of dating site Gelato, which launched last year and includes a live feed of members social-media profiles, is redesigning his entire website based on the iPads appearance. Profile pictures play a key role in o

43、nline dating, Odom says, and the iPad gives sites an opportunity to play up the presentation of their clientele. “Its big, its beautiful, and its perfect for dating sites,“ says Odom, who plans to unveil the redesign in June.Evans predicts that online dating sites will begin to display their content

44、 like a magazine, letting users flip through pages of profiles and enlarge photos while simultaneously texting with one or more others. He says theres also been talk of adding a facial-coding and eye-tracking function that would use a webcam on the iPad to refine suggested matches based on a members

45、 responses to certain profiles. If you grimace, the profile will fade away; if you smile or if your pupils dilate, similar profiles will be suggested. In other words, some day there could be an iPad app for love at first sight.（分数：10.00）(1).It is stated in Paragraph 1 that iPad is unique in_.（分数：2.0

46、0）A.its efficiency in searching for ideal friends or loversB.its ability to show all the users on a certain dating website simultaneouslyC.its large screen contributing to better realizing its functionsD.its ability to change our attitude towards our love lives(2).According to David Evans, itll be p

47、ossible that_.（分数：2.00）A.iPad becomes the beautiful tool for people to surf the webB.dating site developers create more ways for people to know each otherC.iPad will be developed to suit the needs of the dating websitesD.developers of iPad will add more features to the device(3).The clients of the d

48、ating site Gelato_.（分数：2.00）A.are better at making themselves appear more beautifulB.will upgrade the web site to include more profile picturesC.will facilitate the development of new iPad featuresD.will skim through others profiles of higher quality(4).According to the last paragraph, a facial-codi

49、ng and eye-tracking function_.（分数：2.00）A.could be used to browse the profile pictures more quicklyB.is developed based on a members responseC.can enable the users to get accurate matches more easilyD.could support checking profile pictures and texting at once(5).Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Online Dating Changes Peoples LifeB.Online Dating Enters iPad AgeC.How to Find the Best Match OnlineD.How to Choose People to Date with iPad七、Text 4(总题数：