【考研类试卷】考研英语-619及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-619 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material (1)

2、 in three or four years study. In most career paths academic knowledge only (2) a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a “ training “ form of degree, (3) a few of the procedures or methods (4) in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this (5)

3、the greater specialization of most work tasks compared (6) studying. Many graduates are not (7) with the variety involved in (8) from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year to very standardized job (9) . Academic work values (10) inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self

4、-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed (11) generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling (12) information to make a “ rational “ decision, appreciating basic (13) and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher (14) encour

5、ages the feeling of being (15) in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. (16) , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development (17) and invest heavily in “ human capital “ for example, by rotating graduate trainees to (18) their work experiencesyou are still likely to notice an

6、d feel (19) about some major restrictions of your (20) and activities compared with a study environment.（分数：10.00）A.restrictedB.coveredC.spreadD.confirmedA.admitsB.equipsC.statesD.formsA.hardlyB.scarcelyC.evenlyD.onlyA.practicedB.describedC.encounteredD.analyzedA.reflectsB.affectsC.checksD.reducesA.

7、withB.againstC.uponD.fromA.contestB.contentC.contactD.contractA.transferringB.transmittingC.translatingD.transportingA.peculiaritiesB.meansC.satisfactionsD.demandsA.uniqueB.singleC.individualD.specificA.byB.onC.acrossD.throughA.adequateB.definiteC.valuableD.profitableA.beliefsB.conceptsC.religionsD.

8、faithsA.positionB.principleC.reputationD.educationA.consistedB.dealtC.engagedD.workedA.By contrastB.That isC.ThereforeD.MeanwhileA.lawsB.rulesC.policiesD.studiesA.improveB.introduceC.varyD.achieveA.strangeB.ashamedC.funnyD.sorryA.hobbiesB.interestsC.subjectsD.concerns二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.

9、00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Jet lag is back on the agenda for business travelers, especially as long-haul international traffic picks up again.There is endless advice online about jet lag. Drugs are frequently mentioned, and a recent favorite is Nuvigil, used to treat excessive

10、 sleepiness. Nuvigils manufacturer, Cephablon, has so far not succeeded in obtaining government approval for its plan to market the drug as a remedy forjet lag.But the approach I hear most often from long-haul travelers involves diet and preparation. “ Why would you take a pill that your body then h

11、as to shake off? “ said Lynne Waller Scanlon, the author, with Charles F. Ehret, of Overcoming Jet Lag, which was a best seller in the mid-1980s but went out of print until she revised and republished it last year under a snappier title, The Cure for Jet Lag.The book lays out a treatment system for

12、jet lag based on pre-trip diet and conditioning to reset the bodys internal clock. The book suggests resetting the body clock so that it will be in sync with the time at the destination. One to three days before a trip, the authors suggest low-calorie meals. In flight, avoid or strictly limit alcoho

13、l, and use coffee or tea to persuade the body clock that its daytime. If its morning after flying all night, resist sleep and “ flood your eyes with daylight “ , they suggest.While all long-haul travel can cause normal fatigue, travel across time zones causes the body to react with the most pronounc

14、ed effects of jet lag, including disorientation and a general sense of discomfort.In the last few years, the global airlines have put more emphasis on accommodating the need for in-flight sleepat least in the business and firstclass cabins, where international airlines earn most of their revenue. Bu

15、t at the same time, international airlines also promote extensive in-flight entertainment selections, as well as high-end menus, including quality wine lists, in premium classes. Indulging in these would seem to work against dietary treatment to combat jet lag. But Ms. Scanlon says recovery is never

16、theless attainable.“ What do you do if you cant implement this program ahead of the trip, or if youve blown it and had a complete debauch on the plane? “ she said, “ Well, when you get off that plane, you get on the program right away. It may not be perfect, but you will feel much, much better. /（分数

17、：10.00）(1).The word “ snappier “ (Para.3)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.longerB.more elegantC.smarterD.prettier(2).It is indicated in Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.we cannot find enough advice about jet lagB.people often talk about drugs for jet lagC.Nuvigil is the best drug for jet lagD.if you slee

18、p too much after a long flight, you can take Nuvigil as a treatment(3).According to the passage, the most popular way for treatingjet lag is probably_.（分数：2.00）A.taking drugsB.adjusting diet and preparing before handC.consulting a doctorD.drinking coffee orteainflight(4).According to Paragraph 5 and

19、 6, which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Effects of jet lag after travels across time zones are most serious and obvious.B.Effects of jet lag are a sense of discomfort and the loss oforientation.C.Things have improved in recent years because the global airlines have emphasized on mee

20、ting the need for in-flight sleep.D.Enjoying the in-flight entertainment and high-quality food will make it impossible to recover from jet lag.(5).What would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Drugs for Jet LagB.The Best-selling book on Jet LagC.Treatment for Jet LagD.Enjoy Your Flight五、Text

21、2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Is athletic expertise attained or innate? Those who have suffered the tongue-lashing of a cruel games master at school might be forgiven for doubting the idea that anyone and everyone is capable of great sporting achievement, if only they would put enough effort into it. Practice ma

22、y make perfect, but not all are built in ways that make it worth bothering in the first place.The latest evidence of this truth has been gathered by Sabrina Lee of Simon Fraser University in Vancouver and Stephen Piazza at Pennsylvania State University. They have looked at the physical structure of

23、short-distance runners and found that their feet are built differently from those ofcouch potatoes.Dr. Lee and Dr. Piazza already knew that short-distance runners tend to have a higher proportion of fast-contracting muscle fibres in their legs than more sedentary folk can muster. They suspected, tho

24、ugh, that they would find differences in the bone structure as well. And they did.They looked at seven university sprinters who specialize in the 100-metre dash and five 200-metre specialists, and compared them with 12 non-athletic university students of the same height. In particular, they looked a

25、t the sizes of bones of the toes and heel. They also used ultrasonic scanning to measure the sliding motion of the Achilles tendons of their volunteers as their feet moved up and down. This allowed them to study the length of the lever created by the tendon as it pulls on the back of the heel to mak

26、e the foot flex and push off the ground.Dr. Lee and Dr. Piazza found that the toes of their short-distance runners averaged 8.2cm in length, while those of common people averaged 7.3cm. The length of the lever of bone that the Achilles tendon pulls on also differed, being a quarter shorter in short-

27、distance runners.These findings suggest short-distance runners get better contact with the ground by having longer toes. That makes sense, as it creates a firmer platform to push against. In a short-distance running race, acceleration off the block is everything. Cheetahs, the champion of short-dist

28、ance runners of the animal kingdom, have non-flexible claws that give a similar advantage.It is possiblejustthat the differences in physical structure are the result of long and rigorous training. But it is unlikely. Far more probable is that the old saying of coaches, that great short-distance runn

29、ers are born not made, is true. Everyone else, games masters included, should just get used to the idea.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, those who have doubted the idea that anyone can achieve in sports should_.（分数：2.00）A.be severely scolded by their coachB.practice harderC.be excused and not

30、 be forced to practiceD.be ashamed of themselves(2).Which ofthe followings is NOT included in the latest evidence gathered by Dr. Lee and Dr. Piazza?（分数：2.00）A.The toes of their short-distance runners are longer than those of common people.B.Short-distance runners tend to have a higher proportion of

31、 fast-contracting muscle fibres in their legs.C.In short-distance runners, the length of the lever of bone that the Achilles tendon pulls on is considerably shorter.D.The average length of toes of the tested common people is 7.3cm.(3).The purpose of using ultrasonic scanning was_.（分数：2.00）A.to measu

32、re the frequency of the Achilles tendons pulling as the feet movedB.to see how the Achilles tendons slide as the feet moved up and downC.to compare the sliding motion of the Achilles tendons with the pulling of muscle fibres in the legsD.to measure the length of the lever of bone that the Achilles t

33、endon pulls on(4).According to Dr. Lee and Dr. Piazza, which of the followings are NOT different?（分数：2.00）A.Proportions of fast-contracting muscle fibres in the legs of athletes and common people.B.The lengths of toes of athletes and common people.C.Sizes of heels of athletes and common people.D.Bon

34、e structures of athletes and common people.(5).According to the author, the idea the differences in physical structure between athletes and common people are the result of training is_.（分数：2.00）A.trueB.likely to be trueC.to betestedD.probably untrue六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Schools have banned cupcake

35、s, issued obesity report cards and cleared space in cafeterias for salad bars. Just last month, Michelle Obamas campaign to end childhood obesity promised to get young people moving more and improve school lunch, and beverage makers said they had cut the sheer number of liquid calories shipped to sc

36、hools by almost 90 percent in the past five years.But new research suggests that interventions aimed at school-aged children may be, if not too little, too late. More and more evidence points to crucial events very early in lifeduring the toddler years, infancy and even before birththat can set youn

37、g children on an obesity track that is hard to alter by the time theyre in kindergarten. The evidence is not invulnerable, but it suggests that prevention efforts should start very early.Among the findings are these: The chubby angelic baby who is growing so nicely may be growing too much for his or

38、 her own good, research suggests. Babies whose mothers smoked during pregnancy are at risk of becoming obese, even though the babies are usually small at birth Babies who sleep less than 12 hours are at increased risk for obesity later. If they dont sleep enough and also watch two hours or more of T

39、V a day, they are at even greater risk.Some early interventions are already widely practiced. Doctors recommend that overweight women lose weight before pregnancy rather than after, to cut the risk of obesity and diabetes in their children; breast-feeding is also recommended to lower the obesity ris

40、k. But weight or diet restrictions on young children have been avoided. “ It used to be kind of taboo to label a child under 5 as overweight or obese, even if the child wasthe thinking was that it was too disgraceful, “ said Dr. Elsie M. Taveras of Harvard Medical School, lead author of a recent pap

41、er on racial difference in early risk factors. Scientists worry about what are called epigenetic changes. The genes inherited from mother and father may be turned on and off and the strength of their effects changed by environmental conditions in early development. Many doctors are concerned about w

42、omen being obese and unhealthy before pregnancy because, as they point out, the womb is the babys first environment. Experts say change may require abandoning some cherished cultural attitudes. “ The idea that a big baby is a healthy baby, and a crying baby is probably a hungry baby who should be fe

43、d, are things we really need to rethink, “ Dr. Birch said.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the measurements against childhood obesity?（分数：2.00）A.The supply of cupcakes has been stopped in schools.B.There are more salad bars in school cafeterias.C.Mich

44、elle Obama gave a speech on the stopping childhood obesity.D.The calories in dnnks provided in schools have been greatly reduced.(2).Evidence shows that the earliest trend of obesity may start_.（分数：2.00）A.from kindergarten ageB.as early as infancy periodC.before birthD.as early as school age(3).The

45、findings of studies include the followings EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.although an obese baby looks cute, he or she may not be healthyB.if a mother smokes when she is bearing a baby, the baby is likely to get obese laterC.sleeping less than 12 hours and watching TV too much a day will probably lead to childr

46、en obesityD.smoking mothers will be more likely to give birth to obese babies(4).The phrase “ epigenetic changes “ in Para. 5 most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the changes that happen to a child because ofthe genes of his/her parentsB.the changes that happen to a child because the environmental fa

47、ctors have changed the genes of his/her parentsC.the changes that are induced by either genes or environmental factors.D.the changes in a child brought about by the environmental factors in his/her process of growth(5).The main idea expressed in the passage is that_.（分数：2.00）A.obesity in children sh

48、ould be treated seriously and as early as possibleB.some traditional and cultural attitudes towards obese children should be changed as soon as possibleC.mothers should do whatever they can in pregnancy to prevent their children from getting obeseD.many people and departments are exerting every effo

49、rt to stop childhood obesity in US七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “ intuition “ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with