【考研类试卷】考研英语-400及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-400 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There (1) not one type of reading but several according to your reasons for reading. To read carefully, you have to (2) your reading speed and technique (3) your aim (4) reading. Skimming is a technique necessary for quick and e

2、fficient reading.When skimming, you (5) the reading (6) quickly in order to get the (7) of it, to know how it is organized, (8) an idea of the tone or the intention of the writer. Skimming is (9) an activity which (10) an overall view of the text and (11) a definite reading competence.Skimming doesn

3、t need reading all the material, but it doesnt mean that it is an (12) skill for the lazy, because it need a high degree of alertness and concentration.When you read, you usually start with (13) understanding and move towards detailed understanding rather than working the other way round. But (14) i

4、s also used after you have already carefully studied and you need to (15) the major ideas and concepts.In order to be able to skim quickly and (16) through a text, you should know where to look for what you want. In preview skimming you read the introductory information, the headings and subheadings

5、, and the summary, if one is provided. (17) this skimming, decide whether to read the material more thoroughly, and select the appropriate speed (18) you read.The same procedure (19) for preview skimming could also be used to get an overview. Another method would be to read only key words. This is d

6、one by omitting the unnecessary words, phrases, and sentences.In order to skim efficiently and fulfill your purpose, (20) practice is necessary.（分数：10.00）A.isB.areC.wasD.wereA.adaptB.adoptC.changeD.adeptA.onB.aboutC.forD.toA.onB.whileC.asD.atA.run throughB.run overC.go onD.go throughA.substanceB.res

7、ourceC.sourceD.materialA.fistB.histC.gistD.listA.gettingB.to getC.gotD.have gotA.howeverB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.thusA.requiresB.requestsC.requitesD.requisiteA.impliesB.appliesC.hintsD.pointsA.awfulB.unsuitableC.idealD.wrongA.globalB.universalC.unilateralD.partialA.readingB.understandingC.workingD

8、.skimmingA.reverseB.reviewC.reviseD.revertA.efficientlyB.effectivelyC.affectivelyD.effectuallyA.WhenB.AsC.AfterD.BeforeA.whichB.thatC.at whichD.at thatA.usingB.usedC.useD.be usedA.a number ofB.an amount ofC.manyD.a few二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

9、St. Paul didnt like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “mischievous“ and “hard to get rid of it,“ but Oscar Wilder said, “Gossip is charming.“History is merely gossip,“ he wrote in one of his famous plays. “But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.“In past time, under J

10、ewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have-the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterruptedly across the back fences of the centuries.Today, however, the much-maligned human foible

11、is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all.Gossip is “an intrinsically valuable activity,“ philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Zeev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Go

12、ssip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesnt come through ordinary channels, such as: “What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from. the office?“ Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Zeev says. It is “a kind of sharing“ that also “satisfi

13、es the tribal need-namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group.“ Whats more, the professor notes, “Gossip is enjoyable.“Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a

14、“saintly virtue“, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,“ he writes.St

15、ill, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion.By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip

16、called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help.So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if (as often is the case among gossipers) you should

17、 suddenly become one of the gossipers instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: when men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody w

18、ill believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “Live so that you wouldnt be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip./（分数：10.00）(1).Persons remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to（分数：2.00）A.show the general disapproval of gossip.B.introduce the topic of gossip.C.examine gossip

19、from a historical perspective.D.prove the real value of gossip.(2).By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding“ (Paragraph 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Zeev means gossip（分数：2.00）A.is a valuable source of social information.B.produces a joy that most people in society need.C.brings people the feel of bein

20、g part of a group.D.satisfies peoples need of being unusual.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.Everyone involved will not benefit from gossip.B.Philosophers may hold different attitudes toward-gossip.C.Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advan

21、tageous.D.People are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.gossipers will surely become gossipers someday.B.Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossiper.C.Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping.D

22、.an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual.(5).The authors attitude toward “gossip“ can be best described as（分数：2.00）A.neutral.B.positive.C.negative.D.indifferent.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)SoBig. F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propa

23、gated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig. F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were o

24、verwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it c

25、ontains a virus, soBig. F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting“ e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent

26、 warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected.Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig. F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian Kin

27、g, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig. F was capable of “multi-threading“, it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes.Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun

28、in the remote procedure call“. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsofts Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory.Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but w

29、hoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting.One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother w

30、orm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster some-one seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welch. However. according to Mr, Haley, Welch has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings“ -signals

31、that checked for the presence of other computers.Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one

32、 organizing trains operated by CSX, a freight company on Americas east coast.Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed.（分数：10.00）(1).SoBig. F damaged computer programs mainly by（分数：2.00）A.sending them an overpowering number of messages.

33、B.harvesting the addresses stored in the computers.C.infecting the computers with an invisible virus.D.destroying the anti-virus software of the computers.(2).Which of the following best defines the word “doctored“ (Line 10, Paragraph 1) ?（分数：2.00）A.falsifiedB.curedC.deceivedD.diagnosed(3).Compared

34、with SoBig. F, Blaster was a virus that was（分数：2.00）A.more destructive.B.more humorous.C.less vulnerable.D.less noticeable.(4).From the text we learn that Welch（分数：2.00）A.is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did.B.is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster.C.is a prog

35、ram intended to fix the infected machines.D.is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “pings“.(5).The tone of the text can be best described as（分数：2.00）A.optimistic and humorous.B.analytical but concerned.C.passionate but pessimistic.D.scholarly and cautious.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)European farm mini

36、sters have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP). Will it be enough to kick off the Doha world trade negotiations?On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Mo

37、st subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken-the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, .unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cut-that should mean European prices eventually f

38、alling towards the world market level. Cut-ting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr. Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations.The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidizes European farmers to such an ex

39、tent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Nove

40、mber 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EUs intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress i

41、s made by September, when the worlds trade ministers meet in Cancun, Mexico.But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the change

42、s within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land unde

43、r cultivation.These 1et-outs are potentially damaging for Europes negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. Mote generally, th

44、e escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics fears.（分数：10.00）(1).The deal agreed on Thursday looks promi

45、sing in that（分数：2.00）A.European farm ministers finally reached a consensus.B.the link between farm products and subsidies is removed.C.farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to them.D.European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world.(2).It can be inferred from the thi

46、rd paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP.B.the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks.C.the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries.D.the worlds trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently.(

47、3).In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations?（分数：2.00）A.Farmers lose their interest in farming.B.Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years.C.Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly.D.The measures damage the reformers confidence.(4).The new package of measures

48、is inevitably a complicated one due to（分数：2.00）A.Europes negotiators loss of confidence.B.European expenditure on farm support.C.escape clauses for some European countries.D.suspicion of the new package.(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.A promising new deal.B.Doha world trade negotiati

49、ons.C.Worlds anger against Europe.D.Doomed reforms of CAP.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Perhaps only a small boy trained to be a wizard at the Hogwarts School of Magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create the biggest book launch ever. Wherever in the World the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws on one of more than 10m copies of “Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix“. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night and delivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other