【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷265及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-试卷 265及答案解析(总分：112.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Lyme disease is caused by bacteria that are_ by deer tick.（分数：2.00）A.emittedB.transmittedC.communicatedD.distributed2.Mr. Smith became very_ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.（分数：2.00）A.ingeniousB.empirical

2、C.objectiveD.indignant3.His_brain has worked away on the idea of the foundation.（分数：2.00）A.richB.quickC.productiveD.fertile4.Since the early nineties, the trend in most business had been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customers _ rather than the companys.（分数：2

3、.00）A.benefitB.availabilityC.suitabilityD.convenience5.The book gives a brief_off the course of his research up till now.（分数：2.00）A.outlineB.referenceC.frameD.outlook6.The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the_cause of the tide.（分数：2.00）A.principalB.basicC.initialD.elementary7.As

4、 the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.（分数：2.00）A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate8.The patients progress was very encouraging as he could_ get out of bed without help.（分数：2.00）A.nearlyB.hardlyC.merelyD.barely9.With_exceptions, the former president does

5、not appear in public now.（分数：2.00）A.rareB.unusualC.extraordinaryD.unique10.As my examinations are coming next week, Ill take advantage of the weekend to _on some reading.（分数：2.00）A.catch upB.clear upC.make upD.pick up11.When he arrived, he found_the aged and the sick at home.（分数：2.00）A.none butB.non

6、e other thanC.nothing butD.no other than12.Which sport has the most expenses_training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms?（分数：2.00）A.in place ofB.in terms ofC.by means ofD.by way of13.They are going to have the serviceman_an electric fan in the office tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.installB.to i

7、nstallC.to be installedD.installed14.Im sure he is up to the job_he would give his mind to it.（分数：2.00）A.if onlyB.in caseC.untilD.unless15.She was complaining that the doctor was_too much for the treatment he was giving her.（分数：2.00）A.expendingB.offeringC.costingD.charging16.The manager spoke highly

8、 of such_as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.（分数：2.00）A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics17.Since the matter was extremely_, we dealt with it immediately.（分数：2.00）A.toughB.tenseC.urgentD.instant18._seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.（分数：2.00）A.

9、ByB.OnC.AtD.For19.Remember that customers dont_about prices in that city.（分数：2.00）A.debateB.consultC.disputeD.bargain20.I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont_anything.（分数：2.00）A.lackB.withdrawC.omitD.leak二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A great deal of attention is being paid today to t

10、he so-called digital dividethe division of the world into the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that【C1】_does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less invisible then, however, were the new, positive【C2】_that work against the digital div

11、ide. Actually, there are reasons to be【C3】_. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more【C4】_, it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the more potential【C5】_there are. More and more

12、enterprises, afraid their countries will be left【C6】_, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good

13、 news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for【C7】_world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has big potential. To【C8】_advantage of this tool, some poor countries

14、will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices【C9】_respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of【C10】_ (the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United

15、 States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructureconcerning roads, harbors, highways, ports and so onwere built with foreign investment.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.divideB.intonationC.worldD.lecture(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A

16、.forcesB.obstaclesC.eventsD.surprises(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.optimisticC.pleasantD.disappointed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.developedB.centralizedC.realizedD.commercialized(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.usersB.producersC.customersD.citizens(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.awayB.forC.asideD.behind(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.containingB.pre

17、ventingC.keepingD.combating(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.bringB.keepC.holdD.take(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.atB.withC.ofD.for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.constructionB.facilityC.infrastructureD.institution三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do ab

18、out our current problems? First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to better living for more people. Second, we can identify the many areas in which scienc

19、e and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge

20、. Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life fo

21、r most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectations rather than our failures which now cause our distress. Granted that many of ou

22、r current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air, clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare pr

23、ograms, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks that science and technology_.（分数：2.00）A.have caused the current world problemsB.have made life better for more peopleC.will, if not in the past, better peoples life in the futureD.can not bring a better

24、life for most people(2).According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important to_.（分数：2.00）A.call on the public to actionB.pass related lawC.eliminate the destructive effect of science and technologyD.use better knowledge of science and technology(3).We are not satisfied be

25、cause_.（分数：2.00）A.science and technology have created many social problemsB.science and technology have brought about many environmental disastersC.science and technology have made us more distressedD.we expect too much of science and technology at present(4).The author believes that our current pro

26、blems can be better solved by_.（分数：2.00）A.social, political, and economic meansB.advances in science and technologyC.effective law-makingD.both A and B(5).The author points out that_.（分数：2.00）A.attention should be given to some areas of science and technology to better peoples lifeB.we should not ex

27、pect science and technology to improve living conditions for all the peopleC.social political and economical means should not interfere with the advances in science and technologyD.we should not use science and technology to achieve material goalsA controversy erupted in the scientific community in

28、early 1998 over the use of DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except re

29、d blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses. D

30、NA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DN

31、A fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect. The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin

32、of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. , and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two D

33、NA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods. In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakrabor

34、ty of theUni-versity of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct D

35、NA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.（分数：10.00）(1).Before DNA f

36、ingerprinting is used, suspects_.（分数：2.00）A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.could be convicted of guilt as well(2).DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when_.（分数：2.00）A.the

37、methods used for blood-cell calculation are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting patternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individualsD.two different individuals leave two DNA samples(3

38、).To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method_.（分数：2.00）A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA patternC.is not based on a

39、dequate scientific theory of geneticsD.is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying(4).The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming fro

40、m two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same personD.additional sa

41、mples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person(5).National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that_.（分数：2.00）A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.the academy onl

42、y is authorized to work out standards for testingD.the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testingThe rise of “temp“ work has further magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary w

43、orkers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $ 15 $20 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp worker will only see $ 7 or $ 8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatant

44、ly makes its profits off other peoples labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee when theyre finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current

45、position, and the workers only want one thinga full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would

46、have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new form of servitude from which the workers cannot break free. Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours,

47、 and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers, and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesnt seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the h

48、ighest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of priorities. So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, distempered, overworked, mentally and physically ill and who spend the vast majority of

49、 their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really “love,“ because they are forced to make profits for the capitalists in power.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporations hiring temporary workers and phasing out full-time employees?（分数：2.00）A.Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary wor