【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷264及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-试卷 264及答案解析(总分：114.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Japan is a_society of one nationality and a few underrepresented minority groups, such as the ethnic Chinese and Koreans.（分数：2.00）A.spontaneousB.simultaneousC.homogenousD.instantaneous2.Those persons whose religious_ heav

2、ily relied on rituals, such as infant baptism, were more likely to support the Democrats.（分数：2.00）A.confessionB.condemnationC.establishmentD.acknowledgement3.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw a_in female breadwinners.（分数：2.00）A.rais

3、eB.riseC.ariseD.increase4.The market for dust masks and air purifiers is_in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.（分数：2.00）A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming5.Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they are too_for their young chi

4、ldren, a study found.（分数：2.00）A.scarceB.scaryC.scaredD.scarred6.It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been_since the tripling of tuition fees to 9, 000 a year.（分数：2.00）A.scratchedB.scrapedC.scrabbledD.scrapped7.Microsoft founder Bill Gates has_about being a parent, stating

5、that 13 is an appropriate age for a childs first cell phone.（分数：2.00）A.opened upB.taken upC.put upD.held up8.Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and_ foodstuff for their cooking.（分数：2.00）A.versatileB.multipleC.manifoldD.diverse9.“Gangnam Style“, the

6、_popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.（分数：2.00）A.sanelyB.insanelyC.rationallyD.insatiably10.The_British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.（分数

7、：2.00）A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent11.The stream overflowed and the flood_all of the farmland in the area.（分数：2.00）A.submergedB.sankC.soakedD.stripped12.Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-2007. His comments break his long public silence on the issue and place him_with the administrat

8、ion.（分数：2.00）A.at willB.at easeC.at timesD.at odds13.We cannot be_the choices that our children are going to make, even though we have contributed to those choices.（分数：2.00）A.subject toB.susceptible toC.accountable forD.crazy about14.Its easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the

9、 facts and act_.（分数：2.00）A.consequentlyB.accordinglyC.successfullyD.excessively15.She took a(n)_to the house as soon as she saw it.（分数：2.00）A.preferenceB.affectionC.attentionD.fancy16.He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming_and to st

10、imulate their desire to learn more.（分数：2.00）A.pessimisticB.complacentC.perplexedD.complicated17.The students on the school bus were_for half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for class that morning.（分数：2.00）A.held upB.kept offC.taken backD.put off18.This special committee was establish

11、ed for well-integrated members of the society and not for_individuals.（分数：2.00）A.marginalB.minorC.eccentricD.distinctive19.In the past, competition for jobs caused different_groups to be hostile toward each other.（分数：2.00）A.sexistB.ethnicC.graciousD.classic20.The old musician decided to move to her

12、country home_her advanced age and poor health.（分数：2.00）A.with regard toB.by virtue ofC.on account ofD.at the verge of二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)During recent years we have heard much about “race“: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the【C1】_phenomenon

13、of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually【C2】_the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But【C3】_you were to remove the skin you could not【C4】_anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is【C5】_in physical stru

14、cture, the brain or the internal organs to【C6】_a difference. There are four types of blood.【C7】_types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the【C8】_. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will【C9】_i

15、n size, but this occurs within every race.【C10】_does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain【C11】_examined belonged to a person of weak【C12】_On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had【C13】_brains. Mental tests which are reasonably【C14】_show no differences

16、 in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.【C15】_equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.（分数：30.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.completeB.fullC.totalD

17、.whole(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.inB.fromC.atD.on(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.speakB.talkC.tellD.mention(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.displayB.indicateC.demonstrateD.appear(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.sa

18、meB.identicalC.similarD.alike(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.vary(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.So(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.everB.thenC.neverD.once(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.healthB.bodyC.mindD.thought(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.bigB.smallC.minorD.major(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.trueB.exactC.certainD.ac

19、curate(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.Following三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they dare in their sleep. “ But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have force

20、d him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarc

21、hy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, mon-archs can rise above “mere“ politics and “embody“ a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity polarized. And also, the M

22、iddle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-co

23、ntroversial but respected public figure. Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave todayembodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and o

24、ther economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince

25、s and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses(or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intru-siveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image. While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survi

26、ve for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example. It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled)granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and

27、 a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a serviceas non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys wo

28、rst enemies.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain_.（分数：2.00）A.used to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.cased his relationship with his rivalsD.ended his reign in embarrassment(2).Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mos

29、tly_.（分数：2.00）A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voter more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment(3).Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Aristo

30、crats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B.The role of the nobility in modern democracies.C.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D.The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.(4).The British royals “have most to fear“ because Charles_.（分数：2.00）A.takes a rough line on political issue

31、sB.fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC.takes republicans as his potential alliesD.fails to adapt himself to his future role(5).Which of the following is the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC.Carlos, a Lesson for Al

32、l European MonarchsD.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTodays college students are more narcissistic(自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors, according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American

33、society. “We need to stop endlessly repeating Youre special and having children repeat that back,“ said the studys lead author, Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University. “Kids are self-centered enough already. “ “Unfortunately, narcissism can also have very negative consequences for socie

34、ty, including the breakdown of close relationships with others,“ he said. The study asserts that narcissists “are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived, at risk for infidelity, lack emotional warmth, and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty, and over-controlling and violent

35、behaviors. “ Twenge, the author of Generation Me: Why Todays Young Americans Are More Confident, Assertive , Entitledand More Miserable Than Ever Before, said narcissists tend to lack empathy, react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others. Some analysts have commended

36、todays young people for increased commitment to volunteer work. But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically, noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications. Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pro

37、nounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies. “Permissiveness seems to be a component,“ he said. “ A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting. Less indulgence might be called for. “ Yet students, while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings, dont necessaril

38、y accept negative generalizations about their generation. Hanady Kader, a University of Washington senior, said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded. But she is dismayed(气馁，灰心)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prema

39、turely focused on career status. “Were encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want, and nobody should stand in your way,“ Kader said. “I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships. “ Kari Dalane, a University of Vermont sophomore, s

40、ays most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered. “People are worried about themselves but in the sense of where theyre going to find a place in the world,“ she said. “People want to look their best, have a good time, but it doesnt mean theyre not concerned about th

41、e rest of the world. “ Besides, some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome, Dalane said. “It would be more depressing if people answered, No, Im not special. “（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a narcissistic person may_.（分数：2.00）A.hate criticismB.be dishonest to his/he

42、r partnerC.be unwilling to help othersD.all the above(2).The italicized word “commended“(Line 1, Para. 3)means_.（分数：2.00）A.praisedB.criticizedC.recommendedD.disfavored(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Narcissism may result in bad consequences.B.College studen

43、ts are active to participate in volunteer work.C.Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge.D.Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion.(4).It is implied that_.（分数：2.00）A.both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of nar

44、cissismB.the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC.the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the studyD.college students are pessimistic about their future(5).It is proper to be_when you hear someone say “Im special. “（分数：2.00）A.object

45、iveB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.worriedThe House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries. The Employee Free Choice Act would

46、allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards, instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election, which can occur more than 50 days after the card vote is completed. Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill. Th

47、e National Association of Manufacturers, the National Federation of Independent Business, the U. S. Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers. “This isnt about preventing increased unionization,

48、 its about protecting rights,“ said the National Association of Manufacturers Jason Straczewski, of his organizations opposition to bill. Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(强迫，胁迫)from unions. Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes

49、from employers. “Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers arent,“ Samuel said. He cites the 31,358 cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in 2005. Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby, the secret ballot would not be eliminated. The change wo