【考研类试卷】考博英语-609及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-609 及答案解析(总分：90.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.50)1.Australia provides the only separate, _ laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinction occurred.A natural continent-sized B natural and continent-sizedC continent-sized natural D continent-sized and large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Wh

2、en I found the light switch, the unshaded bulb only illuminated two small cats, sitting on the table _ round the inside of the empty ham tin.A. swallowing B. gorging C. licking D. digesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Ms. Rice, with customary class, simply expressed hope that this episode wouldnt _ the charit

3、y in spite of the previous scandal.A. taint B. enhance C. sprain D. sponsor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The flashing red light served as a _ of danger ahead.A. predictor B. caution C. precaution D. prevention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Advanced mammals such as monkeys, apes and humans have brains _ from ancestors that

4、 took to living in the trees.A. derived B. progressed C. terminated D.advanced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _ all other sounds.A. dwarfed B. diminished C. drowned D. devastated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Brooding and hopelessness are the _ o

5、f Indians in the prairie reservations most of the time.A. occupations B. promises C. frustrations D. transactions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The English vocabulary is known for a(an) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversations.A. multitude B. altitude C. latitude D. platitude（分数：

6、1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a _.A concession B recession C submission D transmission（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.Unless astronomers _ their search for extraterrestrial life to stars as exceptional as the Sun, they are wasting much of their time.A. n

7、arrow down B. boil down C. tone down D. let down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Although ordinarily skeptical about the purity of Robinsons motives, in this instance Jenkins did not consider Robinsons generosity to be _ consideration of personal gain.A. lacking in B. contrary to C. alloyed with D. mitigated by（

8、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The team leader of mountain climbers marked out _.A. that seemed to be the best route B. what seemed to he the best routeC. which seemed to he the best route D. something that to be the best route（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Without Bobs testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and _ in t

9、he case will be impossible.A. verdict B. sentence C. conviction D. acquittal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The manufacturers hoped that the motor show would _ their car sales.A. promise B. lift C. intensify D.boost（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The organization has so far raised $2.5 million to finance bone _ trans-plant

10、s for children.A. marrow B. moron C. mussel D. mire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Before she could shout “look _“ to the old man, he was run _ by a car coining from his left.A. back, on B. out, over C. up, down D. ahead, at（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The United States court system is characterized by _ hierarchies: th

11、ere are both state and federal courts.A. double B. complex C. simple D. dual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.On behalf of my company, I am _ to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A. subjected B. inclined C. available D. obliged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Because alcohol is a solvent, it is a component of man

12、y liquid medicines.A. basic ingredient in making medicinesB. combination of things of different qualitiesC. one of the parts that make up a wholeD. substance that helps to cure certain diseases（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.As the _ to the general strike the management promised to increase the workers payment.

13、A. succession B. concession C. permission D. pledge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.His evident _ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personality B. character C. fidelity D. morality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The puritan army executed the king, abolished the House of Lords, got t

14、he House of Commons to _ England a “commonwealth“, or republic.A. proclaim B. reclaim C. exclaim D. declaim（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The international situation has been growing _ difficult for the last few years.A invariably B presumably C increasingly D dominantly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.Looming over the deb

15、ate about human interference in the worlds boreal forests is an as yet unanswerable question: Will the effects of global warming eventually dwarf mans impact?A. raise to greater importance B. make more difficult to measureC. cause to appear small D. bring to an abrupt end（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The fund

16、 is for _ distress among the flood victims in the southern city.A. releasing B. detracting C. relieving D. devolving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.If all the viruses on the planet were to disappear, a global catastrophe would _, and the natural ecosystems of the earth would collapse in a spectacular crash unde

17、r burgeoning populations of insects.A. varnish B. disperse C. contaminate D. ensue（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than _.A. In Holland, it costs . the spending on military defense in the United StatesB. In Holland they sp

18、endhe United States does on military defenseC. Holland spends . the military defense spending of the United StatesD. Holland spends . the United States does on military defense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allo cation of resourc

19、es either_of being too old or too young.A. at the risk B. to the point C. in the case D. on the ground（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Although money is always useful, it isnt all _.A. what there is to life B. to which there is in lifeC. there is to life D. that is in life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Through the discussi

20、on they gained an extraordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions.A. cleverness of B. knowledge of C. prediction of D. perception of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. L

21、ater he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which

22、 was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, lig

23、ht is hot; any source of light from the sun itself down to a humble match burning will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb

24、becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human

25、eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches (刀口缝合), no unwanted damage a true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and c

26、omfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effectiv

27、e. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.（分数：10.00）(1).Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were _.A. fashionable B. extraordinary C. special D. basic（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).After the devel

28、opment of the laser in the 1960s, we find that _.A. medical help became available for industrial workers.B. the study of art went through a complete revolution.C. more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.D. mans whole approach to surgery changed completely（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The lase

29、r beam is so strong because _.A. it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB. its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC. it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD. it sends out heat in many different directions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Surgeons can now carry out operations which _.A. can

30、be performed successfully only on the human eyeB. result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC. are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD. result in very little damage to the patients themselves（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that _.A.

31、in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB. surgery is likely to improve considerablyC. we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD. we are now able to treat most forms of cancer（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Among the most enduring of all horrors is the prosp

32、ect of a slow, painful death. Those who witness the protracted terminal illness of a friend or relative often view the eventual death more as a relief than a tragedy.But to make life-or-death decisions on behalf of a dying person unable to communicate his or her wishes is to enter a moral and legal

33、minefield. Could a doctor be sued for withholding treatment and allowing someone to dieor for not allowing him or her to die? Could it ever be lawful to withhold food and water?Legal moves are afoot which may settle these questions. Recently, a group on voluntary euthanasia proposed legislation to m

34、ake documents known as “Advance Directives“, or Living Wills, legally binding.An Advance Directive sets out the kind of medical treatment a person wishes to receive, or not receive, should he or she ever be in a condition that prevents them expressing those wishes. Such documents, much in vogue in t

35、he US and some Commonwealth countries, are becoming increasingly popular in Britain.A clear distinction must be drawn between actions requested by an Advance Directive, and active euthanasia, or “mercy killing“. A doctor who took a positive step such as giving a lethal injection-to help a patient di

36、e would, as the law stands, be guilty of murder or aiding and abetting suicide, depending on the circumstances.An Advance Directive, however, requests only passive euthanasia: the withholding of medical treatment aimed solely at sustaining the life of a patient who is terminally ill or a vegetable.

37、The definition of medical treatment, in such circumstances, can include food and water. The enforceability of the Advance Directive stems from the notion, long accepted in English law, that a person who is both old enough to make an informed decision and compos mentis, is entitled to refuse any medi

38、cal treatment offered by a doctor, even if that refusal leads to the persons death. A doctor who forces treatment on a patient against his or her wishes is, therefore, guilty of an assault. Case law exists in the US and several Commonwealth countries that extends this right of autonomy over ones lif

39、e to patients who write an Advance Directive refusing treatment and subsequently lose their previously made instructions any differently.（分数：5.00）(1).It will be a relief over the death of a friend or a relative if the friend or relative dies from _.A. a traffic accident B. an acute infectious diseas

40、eC. heart attack D. a three-year coma (昏迷)（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is an Advance Directive?A. A decision made by a doctor on how to end a patients lifeB. A hospital document on how to treat a terminally iii patient.C. A wish made by a patient on how he will be medically treated.D. A law that prohib

41、its mercy killing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A doctor will be guilty of murder if he _.A. advises a patient to draw up his Advance DirectiveB. refuses to carry out an Advance DirectiveC. prescribes a medication that will quicken the death of a terminal patientD. stops giving medication to terminally iii p

42、atient according to his Advance Directive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to traditional English law, _.A. a person could refuse medical treatmentB. a person should not endanger his life by refusing medical treatmentC. a person should not refuse medical treatmentD. a doctor could force his patient int

43、o accepting his treatment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the authors attitude toward the Advance Directive?A. It should be made legally binding in Britain.B. Its morally questionable.C. It is the same as mercy killing, and therefore should not be encouraged.D. It runs cou

44、nter to traditional English law.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)To broaden their voting appeal in the presidential election of 1796, the Federalists selected Thomas Pinckney, a leading South Carolinian, as framing mate for the New Englander John Adams. But Pinckney s Southern friends

45、chose to ignore their party s intentions and regarded Pinckney as a presidential candidate, creating a political situation that Alexander Hamilton was determined to exploit. Hamilton had long been wary of Adams stubbornly independent brand of politics and preferred to see his running mate, over whom

46、 he could exert more control, in the Presidents chair.The election was held under the system originally established by the Constitution. At that time there was but a single tally, with the candidate receiving the largest number of electoral votes declared President and the candidate with the second

47、largest number declared Vice-President. Hamilton anticipated that all the Federalists in the North would vote for Adams and Pinckney equally in an attempt to ensure that Jefferson would not be either first or second in the voting. Pinckney would be solidly supported in the south while Adams, yet bot

48、h Federalists would outpoll Jefferson.Various methods were used to persuade the electors to vote as Hamilton wished. In the press, anonymous articles were published attacking Adams for his monarchial tendencies and Jefferson for being overly democratic, while pushing Pinckney as the only suitable ca

49、ndidate. In private correspondence with state party leaders the Hamiltonians encouraged the idea that Adams popularity was slipping, that he could not win the election, and that the Federalists could defeat Jefferson only by supporting Pinckney.Had sectional pride and loyalty not run as high in New England as in the deep south, Pinckney might well have become Was