【考研类试卷】考博英语-252及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-252 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Structure she had just flown up on the three-oclock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evenings aw

2、ard; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, .and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones.Surrounded

3、by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china, American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers the New York Life; .and Price Waterhouse. The actress

4、Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (No models! No stars!), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the eveni

5、ng raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars.（分数：5.00）(1).From what we read we can infer that “it was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York“ means its staff _.（分数：1.00）A.deal with the fall of houses in the city every dayB.are busy helping people who suffer from

6、 disasters every dayC.work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every dayD.go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there(2).The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.Robert DoleB.Elizabeth DoleC.The Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award

7、Dinner DanceD.all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance(3).Christopher Peakes hair didnt look so bad because _.（分数：1.00）A.he was wearing a handsome tuxedoB.he was wearing tulips on his suitC.he was seen among flowersD.he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light(4).Elizabeth Dole w

8、as _.（分数：1.00）A.the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostess _.B.a republican and wife of the president of the American Red CrossC.the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner DanceD.born in North Carolina, be

9、came an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole(5).The presence of an actress at the Dinner made the fund raising _.（分数：1.00）A.less impersonalB.a typical fund-raising eventC.less personalD.more business-like五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of

10、the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore, if we wish, we can assess the possible, dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous fi

11、eld observations with experimentations in laboratories.The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers-certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedure

12、s, they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way

13、. The fall flocking of wild free birds cant be, or the homing of animals over long distances, or even details of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about?The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out

14、 of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals voices by

15、 electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each others observations right there in

16、 the field.Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish a group-any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying “the whole sequence of acts which

17、constitute an animals behavior.“ In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as “the objective study of animal behavior,“ and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first sentence, the word “laymen“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.people who stand asideB.pe

18、ople who are not trained as biologistsC.people who are amateur biologistsD.people who love animals(2).According to the passage, ethnology is _.（分数：1.00）A.a new branch of biologyB.an old Greek scienceC.a pseudo-scienceD.a science for amateurs(3).“The field workers have handicaps in winning respect fo

19、r themselves.“ This sentence means _.（分数：1.00）A.ethnologists when working in the field are handicappedB.ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientistsC.ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the fieldD.ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work(4)

20、.According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and-fast“ means experiment procedures _.（分数：1.00）A.are difficult and quick to followB.must be carried out in a strict and quick wayC.must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose resultsD.hard and unreasona

21、ble for scientists to observe(5).The meaning of the underlined words in “the details of spontaneous family relationships“ can be expressed as _.（分数：1.00）A.natural family relationshipsB.quickly occurring family relationshipsC.animals acting like a natural familyD.animal family behavior that cannot be

22、 preplanned or controlled六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century, and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuar

23、y and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge widows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of p

24、olitical power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on you

25、r table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.In

26、the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift-this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting

27、, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, plainly, irreversible. Yet, just as the books triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computers triumph has also divided the h

28、uman race.You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new

29、 game. But how difficult it is-how grim and frightful!-for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machine whirries and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their insti

30、ncts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right. Computers require a sharply different set of aptitudes, and, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed.Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind int

31、o two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities? Yes, the industry knows this. Vast stuns have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of non-computer personalities. Apples Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-do

32、wn menus and little pictures of life folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industrys efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gates giant corpor

33、ation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bobs principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a

34、folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers (“Friends of Bob“) to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.（分数：5.00）(1).Acco

35、rding to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT True?（分数：1.00）A.It is because the Cathedral of Norte-Dame in Paris had many bell-towers and could tell time to people that the writer regards it as an engine of mass communication.B.From Cathedrals to books to computers the technology o

36、f communication has become more convenient, reliable and fast.C.Every time when a new communication means triumphed over the old, it divided mankind into two groups.D.Computer industry has been trying hard to make people accept computers.(2).The printed book is more progressive than the Cathedral as

37、 a communication means, because _.（分数：1.00）A.it could sit on your table and did no longer tell timeB.it was more reliable and didnt tell the stories of saints and demonsC.it was small, yet contained more informationD.it did not flatter religious and political power(3).The word “awesome“ in the passa

38、ge means _.（分数：1.00）A.frighteningB.causing fear and respectC.amazingly newD.awful(4).People who feel miserable with computers are those _.（分数：1.00）A.who love reading books and writing with a pen or a typewriterB.who possess the wrong aptitudes of disliking and fearing new thingsC.who have not been t

39、rained to use computersD.who are born with a temperament that does not respond to computers(5).Melinda French designed Microsoft Bob which was to ease the misery of computer users by _.（分数：1.00）A.making users feel that they are not dealing with machinesB.making the program more convenient and cartoo

40、n-likeC.adding home pictures to the program designD.renaming the computer tasks in a folksy style七、Part B Paraphrase(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Charm is the ultimate weapon, the supreme seduction, against which there are few defenses. If youve got it, you need almost nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedi

41、gree. 41. It is a gift, only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. It is also a climate of behavior set for perpetual summer and controlled by taste and tact.Real charm is dynamic, an enveloping spell which mysteriously enslaves the senses. It is an inner light, fed on reservoirs

42、of benevolence which well up like a thermal spring. It is unconscious, often nothing but the wish to please, and cannot be turned on and off at will.42. You recognize charm by the feeling you get in its presence. You know who has it. But can you get it, too? Probably, you cant, because its a quickne

43、ss of spirit, an originality of touch you have to be born with. Or its something that grows naturally out of another quality, like the simple desire to make people happy. Certainly, charm is not a question of learning tricks, like wrinkling your nose, or having a laugh in your voice, or gaily tossin

44、g your hair out of your dancing eyes. 43. Such signs, to the nervous, are ominous warnings which may well send him streaking for cover. On the other hand, there is an antenna, a built-in awareness of others, which most people have, and which care can nourish.But in a study of charm, what else does o

45、ne look for? Apart from the ability to listen-rarest of all human virtues and most difficult to sustain without vagueness-apart from warmth, sensitivity, and the power to please, what else is there visible? 44. A generosity, I suppose, which makes no demands, a transaction which strikes no bargains

46、which doesnt hold itself back till youve filled up a test-card making it clear that youre worth the trouble. Charm cant withhold, but spends itself willingly on young and old alike, on the poor, the ugly, the dim, the boring, on the last fat man in the corner. 45. It reveals also in a sense of ease,

47、 in casual but perfect manners, and often in a physical grace which springs less from an accident of youth than from a confident serenity of mind. Any person with this is more than just a popular fellow, he is also a social healer.（分数：10.00）_八、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One way of improving ones writ

48、ing is to get into the habit of keeping a record of your observations, of storing (46) in a note-book or journal. You should make notes on your experiences and on your (47) of everyday life so that they are preserved. It is sad (48) to be able to retrieve a lost idea that seemed brilliant when it flashed across your (49) , or a forgotten