【计算机类职业资格】PMP资格认证考试-项目质量管理(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、PMP 资格认证考试-项目质量管理(三)及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B单项选择题/B(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.There are specific absolutes for a comprehensive quality program. These are _. A. conformance to WBS B. fitness of use and involvement during the planning phase C. fitness of use and fitness for purpose D. none of the above（分

2、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.A Pareto diagram is used to _. A. identify nonconformity types B. provide a quick look at the data at a single point in time C. determine the effect of a corrective action D. determine the equation of a scatter plot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Product availability contains _. A. usability and

3、 maintainability B. producibility and maintainability C. usability and reliability D. reliability and maintainability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The process control charts are used _. A. to graph what typically focuses on the prevention of a problem B. to detect the problem C. to reject the problem D. to det

4、ermine the acceptability of the sample（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Setting the number of defects is a direct responsibility of _. A. a functional worker B. the project manager C. management D. the accounting department（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The primary driver behind the demand for continual quality improvement is

5、 _. A. an increase in the number of the projects being worked B. widespread public interest in government cost improvement reports C. the prevalence of media reports on quality circles and other quality improvement D. the need to reduce the cost and ensure the performance of products（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D

6、.7.Quality control should be performed _. A. when the product of the project is completed to ensure that no defects exist B. throughout the project life cycle C. during the closeout phase but before final acceptance by the customer D. as desired by the quality assurance department（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.

7、Of the four types of risk inherent in project management, which one will have the most lasting effect from the customers perspective if not managed well? A. Scope risk. B. Schedule risk. C. Cost risk. D. Quality risk.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformanc

8、e to quality? A. Scrap. B. Rework. C. Expediting. D. Process control.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The “zero defects“ concept was proposed by _? A. Juan B. Crosby C. Deming D. Taguchi（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The benefits of a quality control program include _. A. reduced short term costs B. increased long term cos

9、ts C. able to make acceptance decisions D. a loss in competitiveness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Due to lack of employee training and proper production controls, defects in a production run caused rework which cost the company $ 250000. How much of this cost is directly attributable to the employees on the p

10、roduction line? A. $75OOO B. $37500 C. $212500 D. $145OO（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The cost of a construction project was originally estimated at the $100000000. The current forecast to completion is $175000000. This could be due to _. A. poor project planning in terms of scope, specifications, strategy an

11、d implementation B. experienced project planning and management staff are expensive and difficult to find C. project administration is an overhead cost which contributes greatly to an increase in overall project cost D. A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The project team uses various tools during project pl

12、anning. To determine the primary cause of problems within a process, the team would use _. A. flowcharting B. cost/benefit considerations C. benchmarking D. variable experiments（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The project quality assurance characterizes the followings except _. A. assessing overall project perfo

13、rmance B. checking the quality of specific project deliverables C. provided to the project management team D. provided to the project sponsor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Which statement is true of quality planning? A. Quality planning should be performed regularly throughout the project. B. Quality planning

14、is done to compile a risk management plan. C. Quality planning is done only during project planning. D. Quality planning is not considered during project execution.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Quality is achieved when _. A. the requirements have been met B. customer expectations have been exceeded C. the cus

15、tomer indicates acceptance of the product or service D. the customer stops asking for additional features（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.During a team meeting, the team adds a specific area of extra work to the project because they have determined it would benefit the customer. What is wrong in this situation?

16、A. The team is gold plating. B. These efforts shouldnt be done in meetings. C. Nothing. This is how to meet or exceed customer expectations. D. Nothing. The project manager is in control of the situation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.What percentage of the total distribution are 1 sigma from the mean equal to

17、? A. 68.8 %0 B. 99.9% C. 95.5 D. 99.7%（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The upper and lower control limits in a control chart indicate that _. A. boundaries the customer will accept B. acceptable specification limits C. acceptable range of variation in the process D. statistical control points form judging the su

18、ccess or failure of the project（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.PMP 资格认证考试-项目质量管理(三)答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B单项选择题/B(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.There are specific absolutes for a comprehensive quality program. These are _. A. conformance to WBS B. fitness of use and involvement during the planning phase C. fitness of use

19、 and fitness for purpose D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：这里的全面质量计划，指的是关于产品要求和技术规范的计划，当然应该包括适用性和满足客户的需求。另外，工作分解结构是项目工作范围的总和，不包括对项目产品要求的说明。 全面的具体的质量计划是_。 A) 符合工作分解结构的要求 B) 适用性与在计划阶段的参与 C) 适用性与符合用户需求 D) 以上都不是2.A Pareto diagram is used to _. A. identify nonconformity types B. provide a quick lo

20、ok at the data at a single point in time C. determine the effect of a corrective action D. determine the equation of a scatter plot（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：“按发生频率排序的目的是为了有重点地采取纠正措施。项目团队应首先要处理那些导致最多缺陷的原因。”因为帕累托图以其发生频率顺序显示信息，它集中于最关键的问题。因此通过它可以表明，针对不同的错误产生根源采取相应的纠正措施，会有不同的效果。例如，80%的问题产生于原因 A，则针对A 采取的纠正措施所产

21、生的效果将可以消除 80%的问题。 帕累托图被用来_。 A) 确定不一致类型 B) 在单个时间点提供数据的快速浏览 C) 确定纠正措施的效果 D) 确定散点图的等式3.Product availability contains _. A. usability and maintainability B. producibility and maintainability C. usability and reliability D. reliability and maintainability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：在产品与项目规划质量过程中，必须考虑的属性包括： 可生产性

22、(producibility，或称可构造性(constructibility)； 可用性(usability)； 可靠性(reliability, mean time between failure, 简称 MTBF，即平均故障间隔时间)； 可维护性(maintainability, bean time to repair, 简称 MTTR，即平均修理时间)； 有效性(availability, MTBF+MTTR)： 可操作性(operability)； 可伸缩性(flexibility)； 社会可接受性(social acceptability)； 可支付性(affordability)。

23、 而衡量质量的两个重要指标是：可靠性(reliability)与可维护性(maintainability)。 产品实用性包括_。 A) 可使用性与可维护性 B) 可生产性与可维护性 C) 可使用性与可靠性 D) 可靠性与可维护性4.The process control charts are used _. A. to graph what typically focuses on the prevention of a problem B. to detect the problem C. to reject the problem D. to determine the acceptabi

24、lity of the sample（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：注意，控制图以图示的方法监控已经发生的事情，来判断过程是否在控制中。控制图当然不能用来拒绝问题选项 C，也不是用来发现问题的选项 B，它只是用来判断过程是否受控，属于事后控制。重要的一点是 graph!D 是错误的，它是检查的目的。 过程控制图被用来_。 A) 以图形展示为防止问题发生而需要关注的内容 B) 发现问题 C) 拒绝问题 D) 确定样本的可接受程度5.Setting the number of defects is a direct responsibility of _. A. a functional

25、 worker B. the project manager C. management D. the accounting department（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：确定和传达所需要达到的质量等级标准水平，是质量管理团队的责任之一。选项 A 职能工作者的责任是“对所执行任务的质量负根本责任(ultimate responsbility)”。B 项目经理对“项目的质量负责”。D 是不对的，这里并不涉及质量费用问题。 设定缺陷数目是_的直接责任。 A) 职能工作者 B) 项目经理 C) 管理层(管理团队) D) 财务部门6.The primary driver behind

26、the demand for continual quality improvement is _. A. an increase in the number of the projects being worked B. widespread public interest in government cost improvement reports C. the prevalence of media reports on quality circles and other quality improvement D. the need to reduce the cost and ens

27、ure the performance of products（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：对持续质量改进需求的主要动力是_。 A) 正在进行的项目数量的增加 B) 公众对政府费用改进报告的广泛关注 C) 关于质量圈和其他质量改进的媒体报告的广泛流行 D) 降低费用及确保产品性能稳定的需要7.Quality control should be performed _. A. when the product of the project is completed to ensure that no defects exist B. throughout the project li

28、fe cycle C. during the closeout phase but before final acceptance by the customer D. as desired by the quality assurance department（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：“质量控制应贯穿于项目的始终。”质量控制作为监控过程组的一个子过程，在项目的各个阶段都会被执行(PMBOK 指南第四版 32)。 质量控制应该_被执行。 A) 在项目的产品完成时，以确保没有缺陷存在 B) 在整个项目生命周期 C) 在收尾阶段，但在客户最后接受之前 D) 按照质量保证部门的要求8

29、.Of the four types of risk inherent in project management, which one will have the most lasting effect from the customers perspective if not managed well? A. Scope risk. B. Schedule risk. C. Cost risk. D. Quality risk.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：在项目管理的四种固有风险类型中，如果没有管理好，那么从客户的角度来看，哪一个将会造成最长久的影响? A) 范围风险。 B)

30、 进度计划风险。 C) 费用风险。 D) 质量风险。9.Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformance to quality? A. Scrap. B. Rework. C. Expediting. D. Process control.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：废料、返工和加速处理都属于非一致费用。 下列哪一项不被认为是非一致质量费用? A) 废料。 B) 返工。 C) 加速处理。 D) 过程控制。10.The “zero defects“ concept was proposed by _?

31、 A. Juan B. Crosby C. Deming D. Taguchi（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：克劳斯比：“质量的执行标准应该是零缺陷。” “零缺陷”的概念是由_提出的。 A) 朱兰 B) 克劳斯比 C) 戴明 D) 田口玄一11.The benefits of a quality control program include _. A. reduced short term costs B. increased long term costs C. able to make acceptance decisions D. a loss in competitiven

32、ess（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：质量控制系统可以帮助确认可交付成果的正确性，从而帮助做出验收通过与否的决定。 质量控制系统的好处包括_。 A) 减少短期费用 B) 增加长期费用 C) 可以进行验收决策 D) 失去竞争力12.Due to lack of employee training and proper production controls, defects in a production run caused rework which cost the company $ 250000. How much of this cost is directly attrib

33、utable to the employees on the production line? A. $75OOO B. $37500 C. $212500 D. $145OO（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：管理层对 85%的质量费用负直接责任，因此生产线的员工最多负 15%的责任。 由于缺少职员培训和适当生产控制，在生产中出现了次品，因此导致了价值$250000 的返工。有多少是直接和生产线的员工相关的? A) $75000 B) $37500 C) $212500 D) $1450013.The cost of a construction project was origina

34、lly estimated at the $100000000. The current forecast to completion is $175000000. This could be due to _. A. poor project planning in terms of scope, specifications, strategy and implementation B. experienced project planning and management staff are expensive and difficult to find C. project admin

35、istration is an overhead cost which contributes greatly to an increase in overall project cost D. A and B（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：读者可能会选择 D。B 之所以不对，是因为“经验丰富的项目计划和管理人员非常昂贵”这一事实不是动态变化的因素，对于这一事实的估计不足是完全可以避免的。然而，由于范围、规范、策略和实施等方面可能处于一个动态的、不明确的状态，对它们做到较准确的估计是很困难的。 一个建筑工程的费用原先估计为$100000000。目前估算完成费用为 $175000000

36、。这可能是因为_。 A) 在项目范围、规范、策略和实施方面规划不当 B) 经验丰富的项目计划和管理人员非常昂贵并且很难找到 C) 项目行政管理是一般管理费用，它在整个项目的费用中增加了很多 D) A 和 B14.The project team uses various tools during project planning. To determine the primary cause of problems within a process, the team would use _. A. flowcharting B. cost/benefit considerations C.

37、benchmarking D. variable experiments（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：“流程图用于帮助分析问题发生的缘由。”在质量控制中，流程图侧重于对已经发生的问题查找原因。 项目团队在项目计划过程中使用了各种工具。为了确定在一个流程中出现的问题的主要原因，项目团队会采用_。 A) 流程图 B) 成本效益考虑 C) 基准对照 D) 差异试验15.The project quality assurance characterizes the followings except _. A. assessing overall project performance B

38、. checking the quality of specific project deliverables C. provided to the project management team D. provided to the project sponsor（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：参见PMBOK 指南第四版 82“实施质量保证是审计质量要求和质量控制测量结果，确保采用合理的质量标准和操作性定义的过程。”“实施质量控制是监测并记录执行质量活动的结果，从而评估绩效并建议必要变更的过程。通过质量控制活动，可识别造成过程低效或产品质量低劣的原因，并建议和/或采取措施来消除这些

39、原因。”检查特定的项目结果是质量控制而不是质量保证的特征。质量保证支持可以提供给项目团队、实施组织的管理层、客户、发起人或组织外的利害相关者。 项目质量保证不以下列_为特性。 A) 评价整体项目绩效 B) 检查项目特定可交付成果的质量 C) 提供给项目管理团队 D) 提供给项目发起人16.Which statement is true of quality planning? A. Quality planning should be performed regularly throughout the project. B. Quality planning is done to compi

40、le a risk management plan. C. Quality planning is done only during project planning. D. Quality planning is not considered during project execution.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：在整个项目期间，规划质量需要定期进行。 下列有关规划质量的描述中，哪一项是正确的? A) 在整个项目期间，应该定期进行规划质量工作。 B) 进行规划质量，用以编制风险管理计划。 C) 仅在项目计划过程中，进行规划质量。 D) 在项目执行过程中，不考虑规划质量。1

41、7.Quality is achieved when _. A. the requirements have been met B. customer expectations have been exceeded C. the customer indicates acceptance of the product or service D. the customer stops asking for additional features（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：参见PMBOK 指南第四版第 8 章引言“质量是内在一系列特征满足要求的程度。”质量被定义为符合要求、规范且适用

42、。B，C，D 所阐述的，产品或服务超出预期、获得客户口头认可或者客户不再增加额外要求都不意味着质量得到满足。 在下述哪种情况下，质量得到满足? A) 满足要求 B) 超出了客户预期 C) 客户表示接受产品或服务 D) 客户不再要求额外的特征18.During a team meeting, the team adds a specific area of extra work to the project because they have determined it would benefit the customer. What is wrong in this situation? A.

43、 The team is gold plating. B. These efforts shouldnt be done in meetings. C. Nothing. This is how to meet or exceed customer expectations. D. Nothing. The project manager is in control of the situation.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：这是一个团队镀金的例子。项目团队仅仅提供客户在范围说明书内要求的东西。请记住 PMI 这个重要的政策，就是不要镀金膜。 在项目会议期间，团队增加了一项额外

44、工作，因为团队认为这样有益于客户。在这种情况下，出现了什么问题? A) 团队镀金。 B) 这些工作不应该在会议期间进行。 C) 没有问题。这就是如何满足并超越客户期望。 D) 没有问题。这种形势完全处于项目经理的控制范围内。19.What percentage of the total distribution are 1 sigma from the mean equal to? A. 68.8 %0 B. 99.9% C. 95.5 D. 99.7%（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：需要记住一个西格玛，是正态分布均值两侧占 68.26%的偏差；两个占 95.5%；三个占 99.7%

45、。 总体分布的百分之多少位于均值一个西格玛之内? A) 68.3 B) 99.9 C) 95.5 D) 99.720.The upper and lower control limits in a control chart indicate that _. A. boundaries the customer will accept B. acceptable specification limits C. acceptable range of variation in the process D. statistical control points form judging the success or failure of the project（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：控制图所监控的过程的所有结果都应该落在这个界限(控制上限和控制下限)之内，只要结果落在这个界限内就是可接受的。 控制图的控制上限和控制下限表明_。 A) 客户将要接受的界限 B) 可以接受的规范界限 C) 可以接受的过程的偏差范围 D) 判断项目成败的统计控制点