EN 16837-2018 Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of linear shoe surface friction.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of linear shoe/surface frictionBS EN 16837:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16837:2018. The UK participation in its preparation was entr

2、usted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

3、 The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 88971 4ICS 97.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee o

4、n 30 April 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 16837:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 16837April 2018ICS 97.220.10EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC

5、Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN 16837:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersSurfaces for sports areas - Determination of linear shoe/surface frictionSols sportifs - Dtermination de la glissa

6、nce linaire entre la chaussure et la surface du solSportbden - Bestimmung der linearen Reibung zwischen Schuh und BodenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 August 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this

7、 European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official ver

8、sions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,

9、 Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, S

10、weden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN 16837:2018 (E)European foreword 31 Scope . 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions . 44 Principle 45 Apparatus and materials 46 Preparation and preservation of test samples and test pieces 86.1 General . 86.2 The slider rubber

11、96.3 Calibration 96.4 Test specimens . 107 Procedure107.1 General 107.2 Testing on site . 118 Calculation of results 119 Test report 11Annex A (normative) Validation of the performance of the pendulum tester .12Bibliography .152Contents PageBS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)European forewordThis docu

12、ment (EN 16837:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Octo

13、ber 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2018.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.Accordin

14、g to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Gr

15、eece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.3BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies a test method

16、for the determination of shoe/surface friction of synthetic sports surfaces. The method can be used for the assessment of both indoor and outdoor sports surfaces.NOTE This method is not considered suitable for long pile synthetic turf surfaces.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole

17、or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplasti

18、c Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)ISO 4662, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of rebound resilienceISO 7619-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of indentation hardness Part 2: IRHD pocket meter method3 Terms and definitionsFor the pur

19、poses of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1slip resistanceproperty of the surface which limits the relative movement between the contact patch of footwear (slip) and the sports surface3.2frictionresistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact3.3vertical loadvert

20、ical force exerted on the sports surface by the test foot3.4linear shoe/surface frictionproperty measured which is expressed as Pendulum Test Value (PTV)4 PrincipleThe Pendulum Tester incorporates a spring-loaded slider (test foot) made of a standard rubber attached to the end of a pendulum. On rele

21、asing the pendulum from a horizontal position, the loss of energy as the test foot passes over the test surface is measured by the reduction in length of the upswing using a calibrated scale.5 Apparatus and materialsThe pendulum test shall incorporate the essential features given below and as illust

22、rated in Figure 1. All bearings and working parts shall be enclosed as far as possible, and all materials used shall be treated to prevent corrosion under wet conditions.4 BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)Key1 spirit level 5 C unit scale (126 mm sliding length)2 levelling screw 6 unit scale3 pointer

23、 7 starting bottom4 vertical adjustment screw 8 rubber sliderFigure 1 The pendulum tester5.1 A spring-loaded slider, assembled as specified in 5.8. It shall be mounted on the end of a pendulum arm so that the sliding edge is (514 6) mm from the axis of rotation.5BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)5.2

24、A pendulum arm. The mass, including the test foot, shall be (1,50 0,03) kg. The centre of gravity shall be on the axis of the arm at a distance of (410 5) mm from the axis of rotation.5.3 Means for setting the support column of the equipment as vertical.5.4 A base of sufficient mass to ensure the eq

25、uipment remains stable during the test.6 BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)5.5 Means of raising and lowering the axis of suspension of the pendulum arm so that the slider can swing clear of the surface of the specimen, and be set to traverse a surface over a fixed length of (126 1) mm. A gauge as sho

26、wn in Figure 2 shall be suitable.Dimensions in millimetresa) b) c) KeyA side view 3 reference edgeB view in plan 4 gaugeC gauge side view 5 actual sliding length1 slider 6 gauge thickness2 sliding length measured Figure 2 Sliding length gauge5.6 Means of holding and releasing the pendulum arm so tha

27、t it falls freely from a horizontal position.7BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)5.7 A pointer of nominal length 300 mm, balanced about the axis of suspension, indicating the position of the pendulum arm throughout its forward swing and moving over the circular scale. The mass of the pointer shall be

28、not more than 85 g.5.8 A circular scale (C scale) as described in Table A.1 and Figure A.1, calibrated for a nominal sliding length of 126 mm on a flat surface marked from 0 to 150 at intervals of five. Tests in this mode of operation give the Pendulum Test value (PTV) directly.5.9 The wide test foo

29、t (see Figure 3) shall consist of a slider rubber (76,2 0,5) mm wide, (25,4 1,0) mm long (in the direction of swing) and (6,35 0,5) mm thick with an aluminium backing. The combined mass of test foot shall be (32 5) g.Key1 striking edge2 aluminium backing3 rubber slider4 worn between 1 mm and 3 mmFig

30、ure 3 Test foot illustrating the maximum wear on striking edge5.10 Distilled or de-ionized water for wetting the surface, in a container suitable for copiously dispensing the water onto the test surface.5.11 Radiation thermometer (pyrometer), or electronic thermometer with a surface probe, accurate

31、to 1 C.5.12 Spirit level, at least 1 m long, and steel tape accurate to 1 mm or other device for measuring the gradient.5.13 A stiff non-metal hand brush, for cleaning the surface.5.14 A portable anemometer, accurate to 2 m/s field use (optional).6 Preparation and preservation of test samples and te

32、st pieces6.1 GeneralThe friction in the pointer mechanism shall be adjustable so that, with the pendulum arm swinging freely from a horizontal position, the outward tip of the pointer can be brought to rest on the forward swing of the arm at a point (10 1) mm below the horizontal. This is the 0 read

33、ing.8 BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)6.2 The slider rubberThe slider rubber shall be vulcanized or bonded onto the backing.The test foot shall be provided with a central pivoting axis which shall be mounted on the end of the pendulum arm in such a way that, when the arm is at the lowest point of i

34、ts swing with the trailing edge of the slider rubber in contact with the test surface, the plane of the slider is angled at (26 3) to the horizontal. In this configuration the slider can turn about its axis without obstruction to follow the unevenness of the test surface as the pendulum swings.The s

35、lider rubber shall be spring-loaded against the test surface. The nominal static force on the test foot as set by the equipment calibration procedure, defined in Annex A, shall be (22,2 0,5) N in its median position. The change in the static force on the slider shall not be greater than 0,2 N/mm def

36、lection of the slider.The initial resilience, measured by the Lbke Rebound Test in accordance with ISO 4662, and the hardness of the slider rubber, measured by the International Rubber Hardness Degrees (IRHD) in accordance with ISO 48, shall conform to Table 1. It shall have a certificate of conform

37、ity including the name of the manufacturer and date of manufacture.Table 1 Properties of the slider rubberPropertyTemperature0 10 20 30 40Lbke Resilience % 43 to 49 58 to 65 66 to 73 71 to 77 74 to 79Hardness (IRHD) 55 3A slider shall be discarded when either the IRHD value, measured using the porta

38、ble hardness tester in accordance with ISO 7619-2, falls below the minimum tolerance given in Table 1 or not later than one year after manufacture.The edges of the slider rubber shall be square and clean-cut and the rubber free from contamination by, for example, abrasive or oil.Before using a new s

39、lider rubber it shall be conditioned to achieve a minimum width of sliding edge of 1 mm as shown in Figure 3.NOTE This can be achieved by setting up the tester and carrying out sufficient swings, wet or dry, to achieve the minimum width using waterproof abrasive paper 400 grade, or lapping film 3 mi

40、cron aluminium oxide, mounted on a glass plate, as a test specimen.The slider rubber shall be discarded when the width of the sliding edge, as shown in Figure 3, exceeds 3 mm or when it becomes excessively scored or burred. The test foot can be reversed to expose a new sliding edge, which shall be c

41、onditioned.The test foot shall be stored in a dry watertight bag in the dark at a temperature of (15 10) C. The cooler the storage temperature, the longer the properties in Table 1 will be retained. Should the temperature of the rubber fall below 15 C for a period in excess of one day during storage

42、 or during a series of tests, the test foot shall be raised to a temperature of (30 2) C for a period of (18 6) h before use on a subsequent occasion. The test foot shall be at ambient temperature when used.6.3 CalibrationThe apparatus shall be recalibrated at least annually by a competent calibrati

43、on centre.Calibration of the tester is described in Annex A.The calibration procedure shall include reference surfaces covering the working range of the tester.9BS EN 16837:2018EN 16837:2018 (E)In addition, the validation procedure described in Annex A shall be carried out prior to and following its

44、 use for testing.6.4 Test specimensThree specimens shall be tested, each fully representative of the sports surface under test, of dimensions not less than 300 mm 300 mm of the same thickness at which the material is normally installed.7 Procedure7.1 Generala) Condition the test specimen and the app

45、aratus for a minimum of 3 h at 23 C 2 C immediately prior to testing and carry out the test at the same temperature.b) Arrange the pendulum tester in position over the test specimen, with the wearing surface uppermost and level the equipment by means of its adjustable feet. Locate the specimen secur

46、ely in such a position that the slider can traverse the surface centrally in accordance with 7.1 d). Where the surface of the specimen has any pronounced directionality, arrange the specimen with its principle direction parallel with the direction of swing of the tester pendulum. Ensure the surface

47、of the specimen and the slider are completely dry.c) Raise the pendulum mechanism until it can swing freely above the surface of the specimen. Lock the pendulum in the horizontal position and rotate the pointer until it comes to rest against the adjustment screw on the pendulum arm. If the pointer i

48、s not horizontal, turn the adjustment screw until it is. Release the pendulum and allow it to swing once to its full extent, catching it before it swings back again, and noting the position on the scale at which the pointer comes to rest. Repeat this three time. If the pointer does not come to rest

49、at the zero line adjust the clutch at the pivot point and repeat the process until a reading of zero is consistently obtained.d) With the pendulum hanging freely, lower the pendulum until it touches the surface of the specimen. Lock the mechanism. Raise the slider by lifting the handle, move the pendulum to the right, lower the slider until it touches the surface of the specimen and note the point of contact. Raise the slider again and move the pendulum to the left and note the point at which the slider just leaves the su