ISO 16183-2002 Heavy-duty engines - Measurement of gaseous emissions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO 16183:2002(E) ISO 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16183 First edition 2002-12-15 Heavy-duty engines Measurement of gaseous emissions from raw exhaust gas and of particulate emissions using partial flow dilution systems under transient test conditions Moteurs de poids lourds Dter
2、mination, sur cycle transitoire, des missions de polluants gazeux par mesure des concentrations dans les gaz dchappement bruts et des missions de particules en utilisant un systme de dilution partielle ISO 16183:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with
3、Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing pol
4、icy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every
5、care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication
6、may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Te
7、l. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedISO 16183:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbr
8、eviations. 1 4 Test conditions 7 4.1 Engine test conditions 7 4.2 Engines with charge air cooling 8 4.3 Power 8 4.4 Engine air intake system 8 4.5 Engine exhaust system 8 4.6 Cooling system 8 4.7 Lubricating oil 9 4.8 Test fuel 9 5 Determination of gaseous and particulate components. 9 5.1 General .
9、 9 5.2 Equivalence . 9 5.3 Accuracy 11 5.4 Determination of exhaust gas mass flow . 11 5.5 Determination of gaseous components 14 5.6 Particulate determination . 18 6 Measurement equipment for the gaseous components . 21 6.1 Analyser specifications 21 6.2 Analysers . 22 6.3 Calibration 24 6.4 Analyt
10、ical system 35 7 Measurement equipment for particulates. 44 7.1 Specifications 44 7.2 Dilution and sampling system . 46 7.3 Calibration 52 Annex A (normative) Determination of system equivalence 55 Annex B (normative) Determination of system sampling error. 56 Annex C (normative) Carbon flow check .
11、 58 Annex D (informative) Calculation procedure Example . 60 Bibliography 64 ISO 16183:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internatio
12、nal Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO
13、, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical com
14、mittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the
15、possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16183 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine tests. Annexes
16、A, B and C form a normative part of this International Standard. Annex D is for information only. ISO 16183:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vIntroduction Todays emission measurement systems depend on the type of test cycle steady-state or transient and the type of pollutant to be measured. In a
17、 steady-state cycle, the mass of gaseous emissions is calculated from the concentration in the raw exhaust gas and the exhaust flow of the engine, which can easily be determined. For particulate matter (PM), partial-flow dilution systems, in which only a portion of the exhaust gas is diluted, are wi
18、dely used. In a transient cycle, real time exhaust flow determination is more difficult. Therefore, the constant volume sampling (CVS) principle has been used for many years because exhaust mass flow measurement is not required with this system. The total exhaust gas is diluted, the total flow as th
19、e sum of dilution air and exhaust gas volume is kept virtually constant, and the emissions (both gaseous and PM) are measured in the diluted exhaust gas. The space and cost requirements of such a system are considerably higher than for the partial-flow dilution systems used in steady-state cycles. N
20、evertheless, raw exhaust measurement and partial flow systems can only be applied to transients if sophisticated control systems and calculation algorithms are used. The mass emission determination in a raw exhaust sample and the measurement of the exhaust gas mass flow rate is a state-of-the-art pr
21、ocedure for light duty vehicle development on chassis dynamometers. There it is called modal analysis. However, it is usually done in conjunction with the mass emission evaluation on a full-flow CVS with bag analysis, where quality of the modal results can easily be verified by comparison with the C
22、VS bag results. For heavy-duty engines, the CVS system is a large and costly system. The aim of this International Standard is to provide an optional, stand-alone measurement procedure. By the nature of the transient mass emission calculation, small changes could result in large deviations of the fi
23、nal results, for example, by a wrongly performed time alignment caused by a wrong response time determination or by a system fault resulting in a change of the response time behaviour of the system. Therefore, the quality assurance procedure of a carbon dioxide-based carbon balance check, in line wi
24、th highly sophisticated verification procedures for the partial flow particulate measurement, have been established in this International Standard. NOTE CVS systems are covered in detail in various exhaust emissions regulations for both light- and heavy-duty vehicles as well as by ISO 8178-1. They a
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