2019届高考英语二轮题海特训营（10）阅读理解词义猜测二.doc

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1、1阅读理解-词义猜测二1、 Supportive text messages can double the chance of someone successfully quitting smoking, according to UK researchers.The study, published in The Lancet, called for texts to be included in services to help people kick the habit.Other scientists said a text service could be offered globa

2、lly.According to government statistics two-thirds of UK smokers say they want to stop.This study looked at 5,800 of them. Supportive texts were sent to 2,915 of the smokers for six months. The rest received only messages thanking them for taking part.They were sent five texts a day for the first fiv

3、e weeks and then three a week for the next 26 weeks.Participants could also text back for specific advice when they had strong desire or had begun to smoke again.Saliva tests for cotinine,which is made when nicotine is broken down by the body,were taken to determine if people had really given up.Aft

4、er six months,10.7% of those receiving texts had quitdouble the proportion among those doing it on their own.Dr Caroline Free, who led the txt2stop trial at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,said: “Text messages are a very convenient way for smokers to receive support to quit.“Peopl

5、e described txt2stop as being like having a friend encouraging them or an angel on their shoulder.”“It helped people resist the temptation to smoke.The World Health Organization says nearly sixmillion die each year because of smoking, mostly in low-and middle-income countries.“The lessons learned fr

6、om the txt2stop trial could not only provide a new approach to stop in high-income and middle-income countries, but could also 2provide a useful starting point for implementing behavioural change in resource-poor settings.“It has also been suggested similar text messages could be used to help people

7、 modify other behaviour.1.What can be the best title of the passage?A.Text Messages Help Smokers QuitB.How to Quit Smoking EffectivelyC.Smoking Is Very Harmful to HealthD.The Function of Text Messages2.How did the researchers judge if a participant had really given up?A.By sending text messages to t

8、he participant.B.By making saliva tests for cotinine.C.By observing the participant for five weeks.D.By making a questionnaire.3.The underlined “It” in the passage refers to _.A.a friendB.txt2stopC.an angelD.quitting smoking4.In which part of a website may the passage appear?A.Entertainment.B.Advert

9、isement.C.Education.D.Health.2、 The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit card(信用卡) fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal website(非法网站).Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care.On-line shoppers who enter their credit card information

10、 may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card 3numberor sell the information over the Internet. Computer hackers(黑客) have broken down security (安全)systems,raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago,25, 000 cus

11、tomers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky. Their names,addresses and credit card numbers were posted on a website after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information.Credit card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on

12、plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated (欺骗).Ask about your credit card firms on-line rules: Under British lawt cardholders have to pay the first US $ 78

13、 of any fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending.And shop only at secure sites; send your credit card information only if the website offers advanced secure system.If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The website address may also start https: /the extra

14、“s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit card information over the telephone.Keep your password(密码) safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your password with care.1.What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?A.

15、A lot of stolen credit cards were sold on the Internet.B.Fraud on the Internet.C.Many websites are destroyed.D.Many illegal websites are on the Internet.2.What is the meaning of “fraud”?A.Cheating.B.Sale.C.Payment.D.Safety.43.How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?A.Four.B.Three.C.Fi

16、ve.D.Six.4.You are shopping on the site: http: / www. Shopping, com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?A.Order the TV set at once.B.Do not buy the TV set on this site.C.E-mail the site your credit card information.D.Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for

17、you.3、 At school, I was in the top set for maths. My teachers recommended that I study economics and statistics as my A-level subjects, but I had my mind set on a life fulfilled by the arts.In fact, I was a victim of a gender stereotype made stronger since birth, that men do science and maths and wo

18、men do arts or languages. Computer science, technology and physics just did not figure in my teenage world view. Nobody popular in my school chose to study those subjects.Reality struck hard when I began attending job interviews and interviewers would say: “Its great that you speak foreign languages

19、, but what else do you do?” Nobody asked my friends who had studied science or technology those questions.A survey recently showed that three of the best-paid jobs for women arc in the technology sector. Its a sector that really can change the world. We must show girls that technology has an effect

20、on every industry out there, from fashion to architecture to journalism. Anybody can learn to code and these days its as important as reading and writing. Ive realized that at university Id achieved the wrong kind of literacy. Not being able to code limit your impact on the world far more than an ig

21、norance of great literature.5Now I have a five-year-old daughter. I dont want her to blindly follow gender roles the way I did. I want her to know the fact that a science or technical degree will not limit her creativity but expand it and broaden her horizons far more than my arts background could.

22、Im exposing her to Minecraft and apps, which help improve analytical thinking and problem solving skills. Im hoping that my daughter will discover and accept her potentials in science and want to change the world.1.What does the underlined phrase “gender stereotype” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Persona

23、l learning style.B.Sex characteristic.C.Conventional sex concept.D.Profession difference.2.According to the author, which may be the benefit of learning science?A.Increasing job possibility.B.Winning popularity.C.Improving language competence.D.Enriching imagination.3.How did the author feel for her

24、 major choice?A.Satisfied.B.Active.C.Discouraged.D.Regretful.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Art or Science, Either is OKB.Good Subjects, Good FutureC.Girls, Choose More WiselyD.Catch Chances, Change the World4、 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent t

25、imes therehas been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was 6still populated byhunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when theworld had just five to ten million

26、people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of

27、 universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, allhave caused many languages todisappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribu

28、tion of these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, oftenspoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific p

29、erhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a

30、few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about langua

31、ges in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?7A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less

32、than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.5、With around

33、100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣). Obviously, students are

34、terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting(警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delay

35、ed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl“ schedule of sleep.This is opposed to the “early bird“ schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up mu

36、ch past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research 8findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls“ and only 10 percent can

37、 be classified as “early birds“the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.1.What docs the author stress in Parag

38、raph 1?A.Many students are absent from class.B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A.Most students prefer to get up late in the mo

39、rning.B.Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C.Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D.Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified“ in Paragraph 3?A.Criticised.B

40、.Grouped.C.Organised.D.Named.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Functions of the body clock.B.The “night owl“ phenomenon.C.Human beings sleep behaviour.D.The school schedule of “early birds“. 6、 In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called con

41、somme. Although the main attraction was the soup, 9Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Takevisual hints that influence

42、 what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate i

43、n darkness, they couldnt tell how much theyd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fas

44、t-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an

45、 effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad“ tables, crowding, high prices dont necessarily. Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door, say spent nearly

46、 as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about bad tables,“ given that theyre profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffe

47、ts price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser“ in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were_. A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with others10C.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of t

48、he food provided2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter.D.Using plates of larger size.3.What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers. B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to im

49、prove restaurants reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.B; 4.D解析：1.主旨大意题:根据文章第一段可知,根据英国的研究者们所言,支持性的短信息能加倍成功戒烟的机会。且接下来的文章中介绍了具体的研究过程及研究效果。故可知,A 项正确。而 B和 D项范围太广,故排除;C 项是正确的,但是并非文章的主题,故也排除。2.细节理解题根据第八段“Saliva tests for cotinine,.“可知,B 项正确。而其他三项文中并未提及。3. 词义猜测题.根据上文的“People described txt2stop as being like.”可知,这里的“It”指的就是 txt2stop.4.推理判断题.因为文章是有关支持性的短信息帮助戒烟的, 故可知,它很可能出现在网站上有关“健康”的部分。故选 D项。 而 A意为“娱乐”;B 意为“广告”;C 意为“教育”。2答案及解析：11答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.A; 4.B解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句(因特网已导致信用卡欺骗行为大量增加)可推知