备战2019年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题11阅读理解(含解析).doc
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1、1专题 11 阅读理解易错点 1 只见树木不见森林,误把细节当主题(2018新课标 III 卷)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour
2、 at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered the
3、re in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy ri
4、vers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich
5、. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no in
6、terest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.27.
7、What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.2D. Tourism in Dawson.【错因分析】一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的,因此,有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕 Dawson 的发展展开,Dawson 反复出现,再根据每一段的段首句可以总结出,文章第一段通过城市发展的原因引出
8、 Dawson,第二段介绍 Dawson 发展的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,从而总结出文章的主旨大意。【参考答案】 A近几年的高考阅读理解越来越倾向于从语篇的角度考查能力,考生在做题时也要相应地转变为整体思维,要从整体把握文章的大意,不可过于纠缠细节。利用文章的细节内容进行干扰是命题人常采用的干扰方式,考生千万不可被其迷惑。遇到主旨大意题或是标题归纳题,切忌只见树木,不见森林。Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that
9、 hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags. Americans use more than 100 billion thin fi
10、lm plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like St
11、ein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And 3while plastic bags may be ug
12、ly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However,
13、longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the sam
14、e reusable bags for years.27. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control【答案】A易错点 2 主观臆断,忽视逻辑Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. Th
15、ey choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the perso
16、n leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines bot
17、h.4Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to kee
18、p them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the real and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than
19、one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are. B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading. 【错因分析】 考生容易做错的原因是忽视本题上下文的逻辑关系和所涉及的相关信息,单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能全面总结。【参考答案】B
20、回归原文,重视逻辑考生做阅读理解题的唯一依据就是文章,所有的判断都应围绕文章进行。每篇文章都是完整的语篇,上下文之间的逻辑关系非常紧密。在做此类题时,考生需要通过上下文之间的逻辑关系揣测作者所要表达的真正意图。(2018浙江)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in 5Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in
21、 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looke
22、d upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were hel
23、d up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers
24、 game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its pa
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