上海市普陀区2019届高三英语上学期期末质量监控试题（含解析）.doc

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1、- 1 -普陀区 2018-2019 学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分 140 分，完卷时间 120 分钟）I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%The Best Book Ive Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly _1_ Joel Steins Man Mad

2、e: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Havent we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in _2_ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Havent we all had a panic attack _3_ learning were going to have a son, since that means were going to have

3、to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide _4_ to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Havent we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, _5_ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three d

4、ays of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didnt fully enjoy were _6_ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets _7_ (turn)

5、into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other._8_ this is only Steins first book, I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I _9_ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my

6、 friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is _10_ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic - 2 -of our shallow times.【答案】1. as 2. the 3. when 4. whether 5. driving 6. those 7. turned 8. Though/Although/While 9. have re

7、commended 10. that【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者主要介绍了他读过的最好的书乔尔斯坦的成为男人：对男子气概的愚蠢追求【1 题详解】考查固定结构。as+ adj./ adv. +as 表示“和一样” 。句意：但没有一本书能像乔尔斯坦的成为男人：对男子气概的愚蠢追求那样深深地或直接地给我留下深刻的印象。故填 as。【2 题详解】考查冠词。in + the + 整数年+s/ s 表示“在某年代 ”。句意：上世纪 70 年代，在某种程度上，难道我们不都是只有女性朋友新泽西的犹太男孩吗？故填 the。【3 题详解】考查连词。根据句意可知，这里用连词 when，表示“当时候”

8、。句意：当我们得知要生儿子的时候，难道不是所有人都惊恐万分吗？故填 when。【4 题详解】考查固定结构。whether or 是 还是 .。句意：决定是否对足球投射的结果感到高兴还是悲伤？故填 whether。【5 题详解】考查非谓语动词。这里作介词 by 的宾语，与 becoming、fighting 和 doing 并列。难道我们不是所有人都试图通过成为一个男人、或者消防员扑灭火灾、驾驶兰博基尼和进行三天的军训营来纠正我们缺乏男人气质？故填 driving。【6 题详解】考查代词。这里代指前面的 The only parts，故用复数 those 代指。句意：我不是完全喜欢- 3 -的部

9、分是那些作者所遭受的可怕的痛苦。故填 those、【7 题详解】考查非谓语动词。get + done(过去分词)，构成被动结构。句意：我希望它变成一部电影。故填 turned。【8 题详解】考查连词。根据前后句可知，这里是让步状语从句。句意：虽然这只是斯坦的第一本书，但是我已经认为他是像戴维赛达瑞斯、戴夫巴里、詹姆斯瑟伯、马克吐温和亚伯拉罕林肯这样的人。故填 Though/Although/While。【9 题详解】考查时态。根据句意可知，这里用现在完成时态。句意：我已经不仅把成为男人推荐给我所有的朋友和家人，而且多次推荐给推特上的陌生人。故填 have recommended。【10 题详解

10、】考查名词性从句。分析表语从句可知，从句为不缺少成分的陈述句，故用 that 引导。句意：我唯一担心的是，在这个伟大的成就之后，斯坦将会丧失他成为我们肤浅时代的残酷批评者的能力。故填 that。【点睛】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。本篇语法填空考查到的语法知识有时态、词性、从句以及固定短语等，其中定语从句考查，先要找准先行词，然后分析先行词在定语从句中所作的成分，最后确定关系词。例

11、如小题 10 中，分析句子可知，本句为表语从句，从句为不缺少成分的陈述句，故用that 引导。II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10 分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word

12、; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.- 4 -The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of th

13、e girls bone structure was _11_ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, _12_ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor _13_ 3

14、1 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and _14_. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of

15、 plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he _15_ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it and traces the

16、 shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is _16_.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, _17_ getting $6m (3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first _18_ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and

17、for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless from home-printed food and medicine to _19_ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the

18、 _20_ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.- 5 -【答案】11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. F 16. H 17. G 18. J 19. E 20. K【解析】本文是一篇人物介绍。本文主要介绍了对技术影响深远的 3D 打印之父查克赫尔。【11 题详解】考查动词。根据前面的 was 可知，这里用动词的过去分词形式。句意：使用 3D 打印生成女孩骨骼结构模型后。故选 A。【12 题详解】考查短语。短语 resu

19、lt in 结果，在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词、句意：他们发现两人共用的一根大腿骨比预想中更大，并成功将其分开，结果两个孩子都能走路了。故选 D。【13 题详解】考查名词。根据前面的形容词 minor 可知，后接名词形式。句意：31 年前，他首次利用一种被称为立体平面印刷术的新制作方法，既现在所知的 3D 打印技术，打印出一个小小的黑色眼药水杯，查克赫尔由此小有名气。故选 C。【14 题详解】考查名词。这里与前面的名词 tabletops 并列。句意：那时，他就职于一个利用紫外线把薄薄的塑料饰面层置于桌面和家具表面的公司。故选 B。【15 题详解】考查动词。分析句子可知，

20、句中缺少谓语动词，根据文章可知用一般过去时。句意：一年后，他发明了一种方法。故选 F。【16 题详解】考查动词。根据前面的 is 可知，这里用过去分词形式。句意：然后再把随后的几层打印上去，直到最后完成。故选 H。【17 题详解】考查副词。根据句意可知，这里用副词修饰整个句子。句意：这项发明申请专利后，他创立了 3D 系统公司，最终从一位加拿大投资者那里获得了 600 万美元（350 万英镑）的投资。故- 6 -选 G。【18 题详解】考查形容词。修饰名词 product，用形容词修饰。句意：首件商业化产品于 1988 年出炉。故选 J。【19 题详解】考查名词。介词 to 后接名词形式。句意

21、：这种技术可利用的价值似乎是无穷的从家用打印食品和药品，到从商店里拍下瓷器的照片，然后用从互联网上下载的图纸重新制作的建议。故选 E。【20 题详解】考查副词。修饰过去分词 spoken，前用副词形式。句意：尽管他的反应审慎持重,但有那么一刻, 轻声细语的查克赫尔还是显出了他对自己的发明到底能够取得什么样的成果感到吃惊。故选 K。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15 分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A

22、, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Words to Turn a Conversation AroundIts not what you say, but its how you say it isnt it? According to a language expert, we may have this wrong. “We are pushed and pulled around by language far more than we _21_,” sa

23、ys Elizabeth Stoke, professor of social interaction at Loughborough University. Stoke and her colleagues have _22_ thousands of hours of recorded conversations, from customer services to mediation(调解) hotlines and police crisis _23_. They discovered that certain words or phrases have the power to ch

24、ange the course of a conversation.Some of these words are surprising, and _24_ what weve been taught to believe. For example, in a study of conversations between doctors and patients, evidence showed that doctors who _25_ options rather than recommended best solutions, got a better response, despite

25、 the suggestion from hospital guidelines to talk about the best interests of the patient. But, from - 7 -conversation experts such as Stoke to FBI negotiators and communication coaches, were learning which words are likely to _26_ or persuade us.Stoke found that people who had already responded _27_

26、 when asked if they would like to attend mediation seemed to change their minds when the mediator used the phrase. “Would you be willing to come for a meeting?” “As soon as the word willing was used, people would say: Oh, yes, definitelythey would actually _28_ the sentence to agree.” Stoke found it

27、 had the same effect in different settings: with business-to-business cold callers; with doctors trying to _29_ people to go to a weight-loss class. She also looked at phrases such as “Would you like to” and “Would you be interested in”. “Sometimes they _30_, but willing was the one that got people

28、to agree more rapidly and with more enthusiasm.”“Hello is a really important word that can change the _31_ of a conversation,” Stoke says. “Its about how you respond to people who are what we call first movers people who say something really _32_,” “It might be the work colleagues who are extremely

29、angry to your desk with a complaint or the neighbor who _33_ rude words about parking as youre putting out the bins.” “What do you do with that person? Rather than respond in the same manner, saying something nice, such as a very bright Hello!, socializes that other person a little bit.” Use it when

30、 you want to resist getting into a _34_. “You have to be careful not to sound too passive-aggressive,” Stoke says, “but just one friendly word in a bright tone can delete the _35_ of the conversation.”21. A. suggest B. realize C. imply D. emphasize22. A. analyzed B. addressed C. simplified D. discov

31、ered23. A. instructions B. revolutions C. associations D. negotiations24. A. get into B. turn away C. go against D. insist on25. A. pointed B. inspired C. motivated D. listed26. A. comfort B. defend C. support D. protect27. A. actively B. positively C. negatively D. passively- 8 -28. A. finish B. re

32、ject C. refuse D. interrupt29. A. persuade B. stimulate C. force D. tempt30. A. interacted B. worked C. responded D. initiated31. A. approach B. course C. evolution D. pattern32. A. impractical B. unimaginative C. critical D. illogical33. A. keeps back B. answers for C. agrees on D. launches into34.

33、 A. conflict B. disaster C. strike D. damage35. A. challenge B. debate C. worry D. silence【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。在交谈过程中，仔细选择你所说的话，能够让交谈发生转机。【21 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. suggest 建议；B. realize 意识到；C. imply 暗示；D. emphasize强调。我们被语

34、言推动和牵制远远超过我们所意识到的。故选 B。【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. analyzed 分析；B. addressed 称呼；C. simplified 简化；D. discovered 发现。斯托克和她的同事们分析了数千小时的录音对话。故选 A。【23 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. instructions 说明；B. revolutions 变革；C. associations 协会；D. negotiations 协商；谈判。此处指上文提的 conversation“交谈；会话” ，与 customer services 和 mediation(调解) hotlines

35、 并列，故选“negotiation（协商；谈判） ”一词，指从客户服务到调解热线和警务危机谈判。故选 D。【24 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。A. get into 对发生兴趣；B. turn away 把 打发走 C. go against 违反；D. insist on 坚持。根据后句中医生与病人之间的对话的举例，可知，这些话有些令人吃惊，违背了教给我们所相信的东西。故选 C。【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. pointed 指出；B. inspired 鼓舞；C. motivated 激发；D. listed列出。有证据表明，医生列出的可供选择的方案并非最好的方案，但却得到了更

36、好的回应。- 9 -故选 D。【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. comfort 安慰；B. defend 防御；C. support 支持；D. protect 保护。根据后面的 persuade 提示可知，这里指我们正在弄清楚哪些词可能安慰或说服我们。故选 A。【27 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. actively 积极地；B. positively 绝对地；C. negatively 消极地；D. passively 被动地。斯托克发现，当被问及是否愿意参加调解时，当调解人使用这个短语时，那些已经做出消极反应的人似乎改变了主意。故选 C。【28 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. fi

37、nish 完成；B. reject 排斥；C. refuse 拒绝；D. interrupt 打断。根据前句“As soon as the word willing was used, people would say: Oh, yes, definitely可知，只要用了愿意这个词，人们就会（打断）说:哦，是的，当然愿意他们实际上会打断句子以表示同意。故选 D。【29 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. persuade 劝服；B. stimulate 刺激；C. force 强迫；D. tempt 诱惑。医生试图说服人们去上减肥课。故选 A。【30 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. intera

38、cted 相互作用；B. worked 起作用；C. responded 答复；D. initiated 开始。根据后句转折 but willing was the one that got people to agree more rapidly and with more enthusiasm.可知，有时候，它们起作用。故选 B。【31 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. approach 方法；B. course 课程；C. evolution 进化；D. pattern模式。Hello 是一个非常重要的词，可以改变会话的过程。故选 B。【32 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. imprac

39、tical 不切实际的；B. unimaginative 缺乏想象力的；C. critical 批评的；关键性的；D. illogical 不合逻辑的。它是关于你如何回应那些我们称之为“先行者”的人那些说一些非常关键的话的人。故选 C。【33 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。A. keeps back 阻止；B. answers for 对负责；C. agrees on- 10 -对意见一致；D. launches into 投入。也许是对停车说些粗话的邻居。故选 D。【34 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. conflict 冲突；B. disaster 灾难；C. strike 打击；D. d

40、amage 损害。根据前句 Rather than respond in the same manner, saying something nice, such as a very bright Hello!, socializes that other person a little bit.” 可知，说一些好听的话，当你不想陷入冲突的时候就用它。故选 A。【35 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. challenge 挑战；B. debate 辩论；C. worry 担心；D. silence 沉默。但是，用欢快语气说一句友好的话可以消除谈话中的质疑。故选 A。Section B （22 分

41、）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Last summer, bir

42、d-watchers confirmed the discovery of a new species of bird in Cambodia was not an event of particular biological significance, but it was striking for one reason in part. This species of bird was discovered not in an unspoiled rain forest but within the limits Cambodias capital, Phnom Penh a city t

43、he size of Philadelphia.What the researchers found was surprising in cities. The medium-sized city in the state about 110 species of birds, over 95 percent of which would have been growing there urbanization. Ecologically speaking, cities are different, concrete buildings. Rather, each unique bio-pr

44、ofile a kind of ecological fingerprint that is against the idea of an environment dead zone.Of course, its also true that in the world of birds and plants, as in human society, there is such a thing as worldwidethe city-inhabitants who feel equally at home in San Francisco, Milan and Beijing. Four b

45、irds occur in more than 80 percent of the cities studied, and 11 plants occurred in more than 90 percent of the cities. On the plant side, those are seemingly spread by European - 11 -settlement. In the air, its the usual suspects: the rock pigeon and many other birds. “They have become completely a

46、dapted to urban life,”Katti says. “Thats not much of surprise. But they dont actually dominate as much as we think they do.” Those speciesoccurring in the cities across the globerepresent only a small part of a citys natural varieties.Not all cities are equal protectors of native animals and plants,

47、 though. One of the biggest predictors for a citys biodiversity is its urban design. Territory as varied as backyards and street trees can lay important roles in greening a city. In fact, the amount of green space is a stronger predictor of the density of biodiversity than a citys size. A metropolis

48、 with a sizable network of parks can contain more species per square mile than a much smaller city.In a world where architecture, food, language, fashion and commerce are increasingly globalized, a citys native animals and plants can be a kind of identity. There may be neighborhoods in London and Paris that resemble Singapore or Hong Kong. Cities are becoming similar, but their natural environments stand completely apart.36. According to the passage, what do you think of Phnom Penh, Cambodias capital