2019届中考英语复习第二篇中考语法专项第25课形容词与副词基础知识.docx

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1、1第 25 课 形容词与副词课堂突破形 容 词概念 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫作形容词。作定语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden你能在花园里见到许多美丽的花朵。作表语 Your coat is too small你的外套太小了。作用作宾语补足语 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy那位年老的妇女保持一切东西干净整洁。一、形容词的用法用法 例句1. 有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。Dont wake th

2、e sleeping baby up. He is asleep不要把睡着的小孩叫醒。他睡着了。The old man is alone这个老人独自一人。2. 形容词用来修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。Youd better tell us something interesting你最好告诉我们一些有趣的事情。The police found nothing strange in the 2room警察在房间里没有发现奇怪的事情。3. 多个形容词作定语时排列的先后顺序是：（1）冠词或人称代词；（2）数词

3、；（3）性质；（4）大小；（5）形状；（6）表示老少、新旧；（7）颜色；（8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。His grandpa still lives in this small short house他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。4. 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor, good/bad,young/old, healthy/ill, living/dead, black/white（表示人种）等。Th

4、e young should take good care of the old年轻人应该好好照顾老年人。The rich never help the poor in this country在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。5. 形容词短语作定语时要后置。 They are the students easy to teach他们是很容易教的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours我们住的房子比你们的大得多。6. else 要放在疑问代词或复合不定代词之后。 Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？3二、形容词比较等

5、级形容词比较等级的规则变化表例词情况 改法原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词和少数双音节词比较级在词尾加-er；最高级在词尾加-esttallcleanfewtallercleanerfewertallestcleanestfewest以 e 结尾的单音节词比较级在词尾加-r；最高级在词尾加-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词比较级先双写词尾这个辅音字母，再加-er；最高级先双写词尾这个辅音字母，再加-estbig fatthin sadhot redwet bigger fatterthinner sadderho

6、tter redderwetter biggest fattestthinnest saddesthottest reddestwettest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词比较级改 y 为 i，加-er；最高级改 y 为 i，加-esteasyhappyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest两个或两个以上音节的词比较级在词前加more；useful more useful most useful4最高级在词前加mostexpensive more expensive most expensive常见形容词比较等级的不规则变化表原级 比较级 最高级good/well better

7、 bestbad/ill/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest三、形容词比较等级的基本句型等级 句型 例句as+原级+as，意为“和一样” I think this book is as interesting as that one. 我认为这本书和那本书一样有趣。not+as/so+原级+as，意为“不如” Its not as/so hot today as yesterday. 今天不如

8、昨天热。原级less+原级+than，意为“不如” This story is less interesting than that 5one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。比较级+than，意为“一者比另一者”Your T-shirt is nicer than his. 你的 T 恤衫比他的好看。the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越越”The busier we are, the happier we will be. 我们越忙越快乐。比较级比较级+and+比较级，意为“越来越”Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家正变得越

9、来越强大。等级 句型 例句the+比较级+of the two.，意为“两者中较为的一个”Jack is the younger of the two boys. 杰克是两个男孩中年龄较小的一个。数词+times+比较级+than，意为“比更”This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个房间大三倍。比较级比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词/比较级+than+the other+复数可数名词，意为“比其他任何一个都”He is taller than any other boy in his class. =He i

10、s taller than the other boys in his class.他比班里的其他任何一个男孩都高。the+形容词最高级+名词+in/of 短语 Jim is the tallest boy of all.吉姆是所有男孩中个子最高的。疑问词+be+the+最高级 Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?太阳、月亮和地球哪一个最大？最高级the+序数词+最高级，意为“第几 The Yellow River is the second longest river 6最” in China.黄河是中国第二长河。one

11、of the+最高级+复数名词，意为“最之一”Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界上最大的城市之一。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the_（healthy） you will be.2. Ive got quite a few dictionaries. Among them, the Chinese-English dictionary is the （useful）.3. My time in the middle scho

12、ol was one of_（exciting） periods of my life.4. Many students are_（happy） with too much homework. They need more time for their hobbies.5. Why are you looking_（sleep） in class all day?Because I cant finish my homework until eleven every night.副 词用法 主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。形式 简单副词 这类副词本身就是副词，没有特殊的词尾。如：no

13、w, how, there, quite, 7very, always, too, back,again 等。由形容词+-ly构成的副词这些词多数是方式副词。如：bravely, quickly, quietly, greatly, carefully, gladly, slowly, deeply, clearly, firmly, simply, angrily, truly 等。与形容词同形的副词earlyan early bus 早班车 go to school early 上学早 hardhard work 艰辛的工作 study hard 努力学习enoughenough mone

14、y 足够的钱 big enough 足够大 latebe late for school 上学迟到 go to bed late 睡觉迟作用 1. 用在形容词或其他副词前。如：I know him quite well. 我对他很熟悉。She is quite interested in English. 她对英语很感兴趣。2. 修饰动词，表示时间、地点、方式、频率等。如：He went into the room quietly. 他悄悄地走进了房间。They often go skating in winter. 冬天他们经常去滑冰。3. 修饰整个句子。如：Luckily, they wo

15、n the game. 很幸运，他们赢了这场比赛。4. 用在名词后作定语。如：Look at the trees there. 看那儿的那些树。The young people here all like football. 这儿的年轻人都喜欢足球。5. 作宾语补足语。如：8I saw her out with her parents. 我看见她跟她父母一起出去了。位置 1. 副词修饰动词时，一般放在动词的后面；若是修饰及物动词，则放在宾语之后。如：Tom does his homework carefully. 汤姆做功课很细心。2. 频度副词 often, always, usually,

16、 never 以及 just, really, suddenly, still 等，通常放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或连系动词 be 之后。如：They always get up very early. 他们总是起得很早。Li Ping is often late for school. 李平经常上学迟到。3. 副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，放在被修饰词之前。如：This problem is too difficult. 这个问题太难了。注：副词 enough 通常放在被修饰词之后。如：My brother isnt old enough to go to school. 我弟弟还不到

17、上学的年龄。4. 如果一个句子里同时出现有表示时间、地点的副词作状语时，通常是先地点、后时间。如：He worked in Qingdao last year. 他去年在青岛工作。I was born in Wuhan in 1976. 我于 1976 年出生于武汉。5. 当多个时间副词连用时一般把较具体的时间放在前面，较笼统的时间放在后面。如：My uncle will leave for Shanghai at 7 oclock in the morning tomorrow. 我叔叔明天早晨 7 点将去上海。6. 为了强调动作发生的时间，有些副词可置于句首，如 once, yesterd

18、ay, tomorrow, soon, now, usually 等。如：Yesterday we all went to the park. 昨天我们都去公园了。Usually we get on very well with each other. 通常我们彼此相处得都很好。7. 有少数副词在句中的位置非常灵活，常放在与它关系最密切的词前，如 only, even 等。9如：He can only read. He cant write. 他只会读，不会写。Only I have been there. They havent been there. 只有我去过那儿。他们没去过。比较等级

19、1. 副词比较级和最高级大多数是在词前加 more 和 most。只有少数几个副词，如 quick, fast, slow, early 等是在词尾加-er 和-est。如：They run faster than before. 他们比以前跑得快。He got to school earliest in his class. 在他的班里他到校最早。2. 副词比较等级的用法与形容词比较等级的用法基本相同，但副词最高级前的定冠词 the可有可无。如：The boy writes （the） most carefully of the four. 那个男孩是四个人当中写得最认真的。3. 不规则副词

20、的比较级和最高级：wellbetterbest badlyworseworst littlelessleast muchmoremost farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The leaders believed_（strong） that the purpose of the program was to give youngoverseas Chinese a chance to learn more about themselves.2. Could you please speak a little more

21、_（slow）? I cant follow you.3. Wei Fang is very young, but she draws as_（good） as her brother.4. Do you think yesterdays math problem was difficult?10Yes, I could_（hard） work it out.5. Jane listens_ （careful） in her class.当堂检测一、根据汉语提示完成句子。1. （2018 金华、丽水）If you are at a party, youll find everyone smil

22、ing_（开心地） and loudly.2. （2018宁波）The_（努力） you work, the more progress you will make.3. We felt_（骄傲的） when Liu Xiang won first prize again in the race.4. Everybody should remember it is not_（安全的） to swim in the river alone.5. His grandparents live_（独自） in a small house, but they dont feel_（孤单的）.6. I t

23、hink winter is a beautiful season,_（尤其） when it snows.Me, too.7. In the piano contest, my brother didnt play well and I did even_（差劲的）.8. Have you ever seen the movie called The Secret?Yes, but I think its_（无聊的）. I fell asleep when I saw it.9. The bread smells good and it sells_（好）.1110. Its_（浪费的） t

24、o throw away old things. Some of them can be reused.二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。（2018诸暨中考模拟）As a high school student, Kimmarie Pond hadnt considered living 1_（健康地） by cycling. That changed after she took part in Soul Cycles Soul Scholarship program in the 2_（第九） month of last year. The prog

25、ram 3_（教） teens only from New Yorks suburbs（郊区） at that time.The 17-year-old girl, Kimmarie Pond, was asked4_（是否） she thought she was too old to learn about living a fit lifestyle or not. “I would say that youre never too old to learn anything. And I dont think cycling is that hard,” she said. “We t

26、ake nutrition（营养） classes, where we learn about 5_（知识） that can help us to be fit. Whats more, I think their teaching methods are also really interesting and 6_（有用的）,” another student Brown said.About one-third of the teens used to spend plenty of time 7_（关闭）off computers before cycling. They really

27、 disliked cycling. But now, they are working out regularly. “We could have expected that the kids would be so 8_（兴奋的） about the program,” said Ashley Mashihi, a cycling 9_（教练）. “Its such a simple way that you can do either indoors or outdoors to lose weight,” she added.Small steps can mean big chang

28、es for these teens. “Doing sports has always been part of my daily life,” Maria Caban said. She said she felt “a sense of 10_（自豪） ” after taking part in the program. “When I walk out,” she said, “I walk with my head up.”12参考答案课堂突破形容词1. healthier 2. most useful 3. the most exciting 4. unhappy 5. slee

29、py副词1. strongly 2. slowly 3. well 4. hardly 5. the most carefully当堂检测一、1. happily 2. harder 3. proud 4. safe5. alone, lonely 【解析】句意为“他的爷爷奶奶单独住在一个小房子里，但是并不感到孤独” 。alone 意为“独自地” ；lonely 意为“内心孤独的” 。6. especially7. worse 【解析 】由题干中的 my brother 和 I 可以看出是两者比较；又由并列连词 and可知前后是承接关系，题中的 even 也提示用比较级，即“哥哥弹得不好，我弹得更不好” 。8. boring 9. well 10. wasteful二、1. healthily 2. ninth 3. taught 4. whether 5. knowledge 6. useful 7. shutting/turning 8. excited 9. coach 10. pride13