UL 9540A-2017 UL Standard for Safety Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems (First Edition).pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage SystemsUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PER

2、MISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems, UL 9540A First Edition, Dated November 2, 2017 Summary of Topics This Test Method f

3、or Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems, UL 9540A, evaluates the re characteristics of a battery energy storage system that undergoes thermal runaway. The data generated will be used to determine the re and explosion protection required for an installation of

4、 a battery energy storage system. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Test Method as is

5、 without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings,

6、loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Test Method, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Test Method, reg

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8、le purchaser is storing an electronic Test Method on the purchasers computer system. NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT A

9、UTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 2, 2017 1 UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems First Edition November 2, 2017 This Test Method is denitive procedure that produces a test result. U

10、Ls Test Methods are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Test Method should be altered in any way. All of ULs Test Methods and all copyrights, ownerships and rights regarding those Test Methods shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2017 UNDERWRITERS L

11、ABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

12、1 Scope .5 2 Units of Measurement 7 3 References.7 4 Glossary .8 CONSTRUCTION 5 General 9 5.1 Cell .9 5.2 Module 9 5.3 Battery energy storage system unit .9 PERFORMANCE 6 Cell Level 9 6.1 Sample9 6.2 Test method 10 6.3 Report .11 7 Module Level 11 7.1 Sample 11 7.2 Test method 12 7.3 Report .16 8 Un

13、it Level .16 8.1 Sample 16 8.2 Test method 17 8.3 Report .20 8.4 Performance requirements21 9 Installation Level .21 9.1 Sample 21 9.2 Test Method1Ef fectiveness of sprinklers 23 9.3 Report .25 9.4 Performance requirements Test method 1 effectiveness of sprinklers 26 9.5 Test method2-Ef fectiveness

14、of re protection plan .26 9.6 Report .26 9.7 Performance Requirements .27 APPENDIX A Test Concepts And Application Of Test Results To Installations A1 Introduction A1 A2 Test Methodology and Purpose A1 A2.1 General.A1 A2.2 Cell level testing .A1 A2.3 Module level testing A2 A2.4 Unit level testing .

15、A2 NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL A2.5 Unit level testing .A3 A3 Evaluating the Results A3 A3.1 General.A3 A3.2 Documentation A3 A3.3 Choosing appropriate testsA4 NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 4UL COPY

16、RIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 The requirements in this document evaluate the re characteristics of a battery energy storage system that undergoes thermal runaway. The data generated will be used to determi

17、ne the re and explosion protection required for an installation of a battery energy storage system. 1.2 These requirements apply to Battery Energy Storage Systems intended for installation, operation and maintenance in accordance with the International Fire Code (IFC), the National Electrical Code,

18、NFPA 70, other energy storage system codes, and the manufacturers installation instructions. 1.3 The criteria established within this document is designed to meet the objectives of the International Fire Code (IFC), the Fire Code, NFPA 1, and other energy storage system codes relative to re propagat

19、ion hazards and re mitigation methods from a single battery energy storage system unit. 1.4 See Figure 1.1 for a schematic of tests in this document. This is generated text for gtxt. NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PE

20、RMISSION FROM UL Figure 1.1 Schematic of Tests a See Section 6. b See Section 7. c See Section 8. d See Section 9. NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2 Units of Measurement 2.1 Values stated without pa

21、rentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 3 References 3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Test Method shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3.2 The fo

22、llowing codes or standards are referenced in this Test Method. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) ASHRAE 34 Designation and Safety Classication of Refrigerants ASTM International ASTM E681 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability o

23、f Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) European Standards EN 15967 Determination of Maximum Explosion Pressure and the Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise of Gases and Vapours International Code Council (ICC) International Fire Code (IFC) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes and Standards NFPA 1 Fire

24、 Code NFPA 68 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deagration Venting NFPA 70 National Electrical Code UL Standards UL 1685 Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Stationary and Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications

25、UL 9540 Energy Storage Systems and Equipment NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4 Glossary 4.1 For the purpose of these requirements, the following denitions apply. 4.2 BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (B

26、ESS) Stationary equipment that receives electrical energy and then utilizes batteries to store that energy for later use in order to supply electrical energy when needed. The BESS consists of one or more modules, a power conditioning system (PCS) and balance of plant components. a) INITIATING BATTER

27、Y ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM UNIT (INITIATING BESS) A battery energy storage system unit which has been equipped with resistance heaters in order to create the internal re condition necessary for the installation level test (Section 8). b) TARGET BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM UNIT (TARGET BESS) The enclo

28、sure and/or rack hardware that physically supports and/or contains the components that comprise a battery energy storage system. The target battery energy storage system unit does not contain energy storage components, but serves to enable instrumentation to measure the thermal exposure from the ini

29、tiating battery energy storage system. 4.3 CELL The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, separators, container, and terminals. It is a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy. 4.4 DUT Device under test. 4.5 ELECTRICAL RE

30、SISTANCE HEATERS Devices that convert electrical energy supplied from a laboratory source into thermal energy. 4.6 FLEXIBLE FILM HEATERS Electrical resistance heaters of a lm, tape or otherwise thin sheet like construction that easily conform to the surface of cells. 4.7 MODULE A subassembly consist

31、ing of a group of cells or electrochemical capacitors connected together either in a series and/or parallel conguration (sometimes referred to as a block) with or without protective devices and monitoring circuitry. A module is a component of a battery energy storage system. 4.8 STATE OF CHARGE (SOC

32、) The available capacity in a battery energy storage system, pack, module or cell expressed as a percentage of rated capacity. 4.9 THERMAL RUNAWAY The incident when an electrochemical cell increases its temperature through self-heating in an uncontrollable fashion. The thermal runaway progresses whe

33、n the cells generation of heat is at a higher rate than the heat it can dissipate. This may lead to re, explosion and gassing. NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONSTRUCTION 5 General 5.1 Cell 5.1.1 T

34、he general cell design shall be documented in the test report, which would include the cell chemistry (cathode, anode and electrolyte materials), the physical format of the cell (i.e. prismatic, cylindrical, pouch), cell electrical rating in capacity and nominal voltage, the overall dimensions of th

35、e cell, and its weight. 5.1.2 It shall be documented whether or not the cell complies with UL 1973. 5.2 Module 5.2.1 The overall design of the module shall be documented including the overall dimensions, and the generic enclosure material. The electrical conguration of the cells and the general layo

36、ut of the module contents shall be documented. 5.2.2 It shall be documented whether or not the module complies with UL 1973. 5.3 Battery energy storage system unit 5.3.1 The overall layout of the BESS including number of modules and electrical conguration of the modules should be documented. The phy

37、sical layout of the modules, the BMS and other major balance of plant components shall be documented. If the system has an integral re detection and suppression system, the details of this system shall be noted in the report. 5.3.2 The BESS enclosure overall dimensions and generic material used for

38、the enclosure shall be documented. 5.3.3 The report shall indicate whether or not the BESS complies with UL 9540. PERFORMANCE 6 Cell Level 6.1 Sample 6.1.1 Cells shall be conditioned, prior to testing, through charge and discharge cycles for a minimum of 3 cycles using manufacturer specied methodolo

39、gy. During this process, a relationship between the open circuit voltage and state of charge shall be quantied by measurement. The ambient temperature for this conditioning cycling is to be per 6.2.1, unless the cell needs to be at an elevated ambient in order to be active. If the cell requires an e

40、levated ambient to be active, the conditioning shall be conducted at a temperature necessary per the manufacturers specications. NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 6.1.2 The tested cells shall have at

41、least 90% state of charge at the start of the test. The samples shall be allowed to stabilize for a minimum of one hour prior to testing. 6.2 Test method 6.2.1 Ambient laboratory conditions shall be 25 5C (77 9F) and 50 25% RH. 6.2.2 The propensity of the cell to exhibit thermal runaway shall be dem

42、onstrated by heating the cell with an externally applied source (e.g. furnace, exible lm heater). If external heating does not cause a cell to vent or exhibit thermal runaway, one of the following methods shall be employed: a) Mechanical penetration: The cell shall be penetrated with a sharpened ste

43、el rod, to a depth sufficient to puncture not less than two separators; or b) Overcharging: Over discharging or short-circuiting. 6.2.3 The results of thermal runaway initiation method demonstrations shall be documented. 6.2.4 If the cell is susceptible to thermal runaway by external heating, the ce

44、ll shall be heated until thermal runaway has occurred. If the cell is not susceptible to thermal runaway by heating, another method such as those noted in 6.2.2 shall be employed. See 6.2.5 6.2.7. 6.2.5 With reference to 6.2.4, the cells exterior surface temperature shall be measured with a thermoco

45、uple junction formed from 30-gauge type-k thermocouple wire. 6.2.6 With reference to 6.2.4, the temperature at which the cell case vents due to internal pressure rise shall be documented. 6.2.7 With reference to 6.2.4, the temperature at the onset of thermal runaway shall be documented. 6.2.8 If the

46、 cell technology exhibits thermal runaway behavior (using any method), 5 samples shall be tested using a single method and exhibit thermal runaway consecutively. 6.2.9 Cell vent gas composition shall be determined using a Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer with a minimum resolution of 1.0 cm -1

47、 and a path length of at least 2 m (6.6 ft), or equivalent gas analyzer, to identify the gases requested by the test sponsor and hydrocarbon gases that represent an ignition or explosion hazard. Hydrogen gas shall be measured with a sensor capable of measuring in excess of 30% by volume. Results sha

48、ll be documented. See 6.2.10 6.2.12. 6.2.10 With reference to 6.2.9, the gas composition measurement test shall be conducted in a pressure vessel with an internal volume of at least 80 L . 6.2.11 With reference to 6.2.9, the test is to be initiated with an initial condition of atmospheric pressure a

49、nd less than 1% oxygen by volume. 6.2.12 With reference to 6.2.9, if the cell is susceptible to thermal runaway by heating, the cell surface shall be covered as much as is practicable with exible lm heaters, without overlapping each other or the surface mounted thermocouple. A heating rate of 5C (9F) to 7C (12.6F) per minute shall be applied to the cell. NOVEMBER 2, 2017 UL 9540A 10UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM