SAE AMS-H-81200D-2014 Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys《钛和钛合金的热处理》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMSH81200D AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS-H-81200 REV. D Issued 2001-04 Rev

5、ised 2014-07 Superseding AMS-H-81200C Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys RATIONALE AMS-H-81200D revises the temperature uniformity (3.2.1.7). NOTICE The original issue of this document was taken directly from Military Specification MIL-H-81200A and contained only minor editorial and form

6、at changes required to bring it into conformance with the publishing requirements of SAE technical standards. Revision A changed the heat treatment requirements for parts from “may be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of AMS2801” to “shall be heat treated in accordance with AMS2801”.

7、As an exception, it allowed continuation of heat treatment procedures for specific parts that had been previously acceptable to the purchaser. It also added the requirement that the heat treat parameters used for heat-treat-response-tests of raw material conform to the parameters used for heat treat

8、ment of parts (See 3.1.1). The original Military Specification was adopted as an SAE standard under the provisions of the SAE Technical Standards Board (TSB) Rules and Regulations (TSB 001) pertaining to accelerated adoption of government specifications and standards. TSB rules provide for (a) the p

9、ublication of portions of unrevised government specifications and standards without consensus voting at the SAE Committee level, and (b) the use of the existing government specification or standard format. Under Department of Defense policies and procedures, any qualification requirements and associ

10、ated qualified products lists are mandatory for DOD contracts. Any requirement relating to qualified products lists (QPLs) has not been adopted by SAE and is not part of this SAE technical document. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-H-81200D Page 2 of 24 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the heat t

11、reatment of titanium and titanium alloy mill products (raw material), including wrought and cast products, by material producers. This specification also covers furnace equipment requirements, test procedures, and general information for heat treating procedures, heat treating temperatures, and mate

12、rial test procedures for the heat treatment of titanium and titanium alloys. It also describes procedures that, when followed, have produced the desired properties within the limitations of the respective alloys. 1.2 Heat Treatments The heat treatments covered by this specification are: Anneal Solut

13、ion heat treatment Beta anneal Beta solution heat treatment Recrystallization anneal Age Duplex anneal Stress relief 1.3 Alloys In addition to Commercially Pure Titanium (Ti40, Ti55, and Ti70), the following titanium alloys are covered by this specification: Alpha alloys Alpha-Beta alloys Beta alloy

14、s 5Al-2.5Sn 6Al-4V 13V-11Cr-3Al 5Al-2.5Sn ELI 6Al-4V ELI 3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr 6Al-2Cb-1Ta-0.8Mo 6Al-6V-2Sn 15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn 8Al-1Mo-1V 3Al-2.5V 10V-2Fe-3Al 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo 6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si 5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr 11Sn-5Zr-2Al-1Mo 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following

15、documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding docu

16、ment has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2801 He

17、at Treatment of Titanium Alloy Parts SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-H-81200D Page 3 of 24 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E 3 Preparation of Metallographic Specimens ASTM E 8

18、 / E 8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 290 Bend Testing Material for Ductility ASTM E 1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method 2.3 Order of Precedence In the event of a conflict between the tex

19、t of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document shall take precedence. Nothing in this document, however, shall supersede applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 General All heating and quenching equipment and

20、procedures applied shall yield products complying with the requirements of appropriate acquisition documents. Equipment and procedures shall be designed to minimize the introduction of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or other contaminants and in any case shall not allow introduction beyond levels establi

21、shed by the acquisition documents. Deviation from process requirements specified herein or the application of processes different from those contained herein, may be used provided that compliant products result, these exceptions have been proven satisfactory, and that they are made known to the purc

22、haser with accompanying data or other justification to support the deviation prior to application of the deviant process. 3.1.1 Heat Treatment of Mill Products and Titanium Alloy Parts The requirements specified herein are applicable to the heat treatment of mill products (raw material) (See 6.4.1).

23、 Producer heat treatment of heat-treat-response-test samples shall conform to AMS2801. Parts (See 6.4.2) shall be heat treated in accordance with AMS2801 except as specified in 3.1.1.1. 3.1.1.1 It is permissible, for specific parts, to use equipment, practices and test methods that conformed to AMS-

24、H-81200 or MIL-H-81200 and were previously acceptable to the purchaser. 3.2 Heating Systems 3.2.1 Batch Furnaces 3.2.1.1 General Requirements Such furnaces may employ electrical heating elements or fuel combustion as heat sources. Muffle furnaces and retorts are also allowed. Allowable environments

25、surrounding the furnace charge during heating are: inert gas (argon or helium), vacuum, slightly oxidizing mixtures resulting from the combustion in air of hydrocarbons (gas or oil), and air itself. When removal of surface contamination from the heat treated product is not feasible, inert gas or vac

26、uum environment shall be employed. The selection of an atmosphere shall be such as to establish conformance with 3.1. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-H-81200D Page 4 of 24 3.2.1.2 Inert Gases Inert gases within the furnace shall be circulated as necessary to protect all surfaces of the workpieces comprising t

27、he furnace charge. The dew point of the inert gases shall be minus 65 F (minus 54 C) or lower. This requirement shall be met during all stages of a heating, soaking or cooling cycle. Ducts and zones which are to contain furnace charges shall be so sealed as to prevent contamination of any charge to

28、the degree that it is rendered nonconforming to specified material requirements. 3.2.1.3 Vacuum Vacuum furnaces used for outgassing hydrogen shall be capable of reducing hydrogen concentrations within the charge to levels complying with 3.1. Vacuum furnaces and retorts used for prevention of surface

29、 contamination shall be capable of yielding product conforming to 3.1. 3.2.1.4 Combusted Hydrocarbons Furnaces heated by the combustion in air of gas or oil shall contain a slightly oxidizing gas mixture. There shall be no impingement of flame upon the furnace charge. 3.2.1.5 Prohibited Atmospheres

30、Endothermic, exothermic, hydrogen, and cracked ammonia atmospheres shall not be used during any heat treatment operation. 3.2.1.6 Furnace Purging Prior to thermal treatment of workpieces, each furnace that has contained an atmosphere unacceptable for heat treating titanium (See 3.2.1.5) shall be pur

31、ged with air or inert gas, as applicable. 3.2.1.6.1 Purging Prior to Introducing Air or Combusted Hydrocarbons The volume of purging air introduced shall be at least twice the volume of the furnace chamber. During purging, the minimum temperature within the chamber shall be the intended soaking temp

32、erature of the charge. When air-flow purging is impractical, the furnace temperature shall be set at 200 F (111 C) above the intended soaking temperature, and be held at that temperature for a minimum of 4 hours. Following purging, the furnace shall be stabilized at the required temperature, charged

33、, and the charge heated and soaked in accordance with 3.2.1.7, as applicable. Following the thermal treatment and any subsequent cleaning, pickling, or other process that may introduce hydrogen contamination, specimens shall be taken from the charge and subjected to the test specified in 4.7.3. Resu

34、lts shall show compliance with 3.6.5, as applicable. 3.2.1.6.2 Purging Prior to Introducing Inert Gas Procedures for purging shall comply with 3.2.1.2. The volume of gas introduced shall be at least twice the volume of the furnace chamber. Furnaces shall be charged while cold, and then purged and fi

35、lled with inert gas. The charge shall then be heated and soaked in accordance with 3.2.1.7, as applicable. Following the thermal treatment, samples shall be taken from the charge and subjected to the test specified in 4.7.3. Results shall show conformance to 3.6.5, as applicable. Additionally, sampl

36、es shall be taken from the charge and examined in accordance with 4.7.4.2. Results shall show conformance to 3.6.6. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-H-81200D Page 5 of 24 3.2.1.7 Temperature Uniformity Batch furnaces shall be so controlled during heating and soaking periods to maintain a temperature within the

37、 specified ranges of Tables 1, 3, 4, and 5, as applicable to the process. The minimum temperature and the maximum temperature of a range in Tables 1, 3, 4, and 5 are valid furnace control set points. For a given process and chosen furnace controller set point, applying offsets as applicable, furnace

38、s must maintain the working zone temperature uniformity tolerance, as given below: Heat Treatment Temperature Uniformity Tolerance F C Annealing 25 14 Beta annealing or beta solution heat treating 25 14 Recrystallization annealing 25 14 Duplex annealing 25 14 Solution heat treating 25 14 Stress reli

39、eving 25 14 Aging 15 8 3.2.2 Continuous Furnaces 3.2.2.1 General Requirements Continuous furnaces may be heated by radiation from electrically-energized heating elements or by combusted hydrocarbons. 3.2.2.2 Temperature Control A temperature profile from furnace entry to exit shall be so developed a

40、nd maintained that the charge within the working zone experiences the appropriate thermal cycle to the degree necessary for eventual product acceptability in terms of specified requirements. 3.2.2.3 Continuous Vacuum Furnaces Continuous vacuum furnaces shall be so sealed as to minimize hydrogen, oxy

41、gen and nitrogen absorption of the product and in any case shall not allow absorption beyond levels established by the acquisition documents. 3.2.3 Continuous Induction Heating Continuous induction heating shall be applied only to the annealing of thin-walled tubing and extrusions of thin sections.

42、The technique shall be such that the workpiece being heated is of uniform temperature around the perimeter of its cross-section. Prior to production, values of the process parameters that produce acceptable product shall be determined and documented. 3.2.4 Pyrometry and Furnace Temperatures Control

43、The requirements and procedures for control and testing of furnaces, ovens, retorts, vacuum furnaces and allied pyrometric equipment used for heat treatment shall be in accordance with AMS2750. 3.2.4.1 System Accuracy System accuracy tests shall be performed in accordance with AMS2750. SAE INTERNATI

44、ONAL AMS-H-81200D Page 6 of 24 3.3 Quenching Facilities and Media 3.3.1 Quenching Baths Quenching baths holding water or oil shall be of such dimensions, volume, and construction that products quenched therein will, upon aging, develop the properties specified within applicable product documents. Me

45、chanical stirring of the bath may be applied when necessary. 3.3.2 Spray or Flow Quenching Continuous furnaces discharging solution heat treated alloy sheet, plate, and strip may be equipped with a quenchant system that directs a spray or streams of quenchant onto the product as it emerges from the

46、furnace. The spray or flow of quenchant shall be applied evenly over the workpiece width, top and bottom surfaces, over a period of time and at a volume rate such that the resulting product will upon aging develop properties meeting specified requirements. 3.3.3 Location of Quenching Facility Quench

47、ing and handling facilities shall be located such that contact between quenchant and workpieces occurs within the time required for compliance with 3.1 and for the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloys, within the limits specified in Table 2. 3.3.4 Quenching Media Use of molten salt baths for quenching

48、 is prohibited. 3.4 Ancillary Equipment Jigs, fixtures, trays, hangers, racks, ventilators, etc. shall be so designed and constructed that each workpiece can be processed in accordance with this specification. 3.5 Thermal Treatment Parameter Values The parameters (i.e., temperatures, times, etc.) fo

49、r the various thermal treatment processes shall be as specified herein, except where deviation has been accepted by the purchaser in accordance with 3.1 (See 6.6). 3.5.1 Solution Heat Treating Solution heat treating of parts, mill product, castings, and forgings shall be as specified in Table 1, as applicable. 3.5.2 Quenching All heat treatable titanium alloys, except alloys that can be cooled in air or inert gas, shall