NEMA C18 1M PART 1-2015 Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte General and Specifications.pdf

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1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Portable Primary Cellsand Batteries withAqueous Electrolyte General and SpecificationsANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015American National Standard for Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous ElectrolyteGen

2、eral and SpecificationsSecretariat:National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationApproved April 29, 2015American National Standards Institute, Inc. 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNOTICE AND DISCLAIMERThe information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consen

3、sus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document.American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) standards

4、 and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NE

5、MA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards an

6、d guideline publications.NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA di

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8、 the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide.In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to

9、perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and othe

10、r standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication.NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document

11、. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health- or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the ce

12、rtifier or maker of the statement. 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Page iAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDApproval of an American National Standard requires verification by the American National Standards Institute

13、, Inc. (ANSI) that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected in

14、terests. Substantial agreement means significantly more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their

15、existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from: manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute, Inc., does not develop standards, and

16、 will under no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Requests for interpretations should

17、be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute, Inc., require that action be taken periodically to re

18、affirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by contacting the American National Standards Institute, Inc.Published byNational Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900, Rosslyn, Virg

19、inia 22209 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationAll rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions

20、.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.Printed in the United States of America 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Page iiForeword (This Fore

21、word Is Not Part Of American National Standard C18.1m, Part 1-2015.)This edition of American National Standard for Portable Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte is based in part on the previous American National Standard for Dry Cells and BatteriesSpecifications , ANSI C18.1M, Part 1

22、-2009, and recognizes the work of the International Electrotechnical Commission (refer to IEC Publications 60086-1 and 60086-2) in establishing worldwide standard requirements for portable primary batteries. As with the previous edition, this edition includes the following chemistries:a) Carbon zinc

23、 (Leclanch and zinc chloride types)b) Alkaline manganese dioxidec) Silver oxided) Zinc aire) Nickel oxyhydroxidePrevious editions of ANSI C18.1M, Part 1, have included the terms HIF and LIF, which describe specific time periods, i.e., on/off cycles, for load application in portable lighting tests. H

24、IF was an acronym for “Heavy Industrial Flashlight” and LIF was an acronym for “Light Industrial Flashlight.” Starting with the 2005 edition of C18.1M, Part 1, the HIF and LIF terms were removed and replaced with the actual duty cycle for each test. The term “four minutes per 15 minutes, eight hours

25、 per day” replaces HIF, and the term “four minutes per hour, eight hours per day” replaces LIF.Modified specifications for this edition include the ANSI 13 (D), 14 (C), 15 (AA), 24 (AAA), 25 (AAAA), 1604 (9-volt), 1412 (J), 1811 (21 or 23), 7000, 7002-7005 (hearing aid), and 903, 904, 908, 915, 918,

26、 926, and 936 (lantern) battery types. In April 1996, then-ANSI Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Specifications for Dry Cells and Batteries established a new general format for publication of its standards, dividing this standard into two parts. Part 1 of this American National Standard for Por

27、table Primary Cells and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte contains two basic sections. The first has general requirements and information, such as the scope, applicable definitions, general descriptions of battery dimensions, terminal requirements, marking requirements, general design conditions, a

28、nd test conditions. Section 2 of Part 1 is composed of specification sheets for various types of cells and batteries. Part 2 of the standard, a separate document, contains safety requirements.Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to:Secretary, ANSI ASC C18Nati

29、onal Electrical Manufacturers Association1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900Rosslyn, Virginia 22209This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the American National Standards Committee C18 on Portable Cells and Batteries. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily im

30、ply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time Committee C18 approved this standard, it had the following members:Steven Wicelinski, ChairpersonMarcus Boolish, Vice ChairpersonAndrei Moldoveanu, Secretary 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 2015 National Electrical

31、 Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Page iiiOrganization Represented: Name of Representative:BAE Systems Lewis BachmanBatteries Plus LLC Oz RahmanBureau Veritas, Consumer Product Services David GrandinDuracell Steven WicelinskiDNV GL James DeJagerEnergizer Battery Manufacturing, Inc. M

32、arcus BoolishCarin Stuart (Alternate)Fisher Price /Mattel Douglas G. GoldeKids II, Inc. Robert CoughlinIEC TC 35 TAG Technical Advisor Keel KellyIntertek Testing Services NA Tom OHaraRich Byczec (Alternate)Portable Power Consultants, LLC. Ramesh V. ShahPanasonic Battery Corporation of America Charle

33、s P. MonahanSpectrum Brands, Inc. John L. HadleyDenis Carpenter (Alternate)SGS Jody LeberZPower Troy RenkenThe members of Subcommittee C18-1 for Portable Primary Cells and Batteries who contributed to the development of this standard:Steven Wicelinski, ChairpersonJohn Hadley, Vice ChairpersonMichael

34、 Babiak S. Keel Kelly Marcus Boolish Jody LeberRich Byczec Andrew MarkowDenis Carpenter Charles MonahanRobert Coughlin Tom OHaraJames DeJager Troy Renken Laurie Florence Ramesh ShahDouglas Golde Carin StuartDavid Grandin 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Page

35、ivContentsForeword iiSection 1 GENERAL 11.1 Scope And Purpose 11.2 Normative references 11.3 Definitions .11.4 Requirements 3Section 2 SPECIFICATIONS 112.1 Specification sheet reference 112.2 Battery specification sheets 12Annex A METHODS OF DETERMINING LOAD AND TEST CONDITIONS 42A.1 Application tes

36、ts 42A.2 Capacity or rating tests .42A.3 Standard Resistive Loads .42Annex B GUIDANCE FOR PACKAGING, HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION .43B.1 Introduction .43B.2 Packing .43B.3 Transport and handling .43B.4 Storage and stock rotation 43B.5 Display and sales points .43Annex C RELIABILITY GUIDELIN

37、ES .44C.1 Consumer/user .44C.2 Designer 44Annex D BIBLIOGRAPHY .45TablesTable 1 Battery Designations for Standardized Electrochemical Systems 3Table 2 Battery Terminals . 7Table 3 Test Conditions 8FiguresFigure 1 Ingestion Gauge 3 Figure 2A Round Battery (Protruding Negative) 5 Figure 2B Round Batte

38、ry (Recessed Negative) 6 Figure 3 Button Battery .6 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Page 1 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationSection 1 GENERALPart 1 does not include safety requirements. Safety requirements can be found in Part 2.1.1 SCOPE AN

39、D PURPOSE1.1.1 ScopeThis standard applies to portable primary cells and batteries with aqueous electrolyte and a zinc anode (non-lithium). This edition includes the following electrochemical systems:a) Carbon zinc (Leclanch and zinc chloride types) b) Alkaline manganese dioxide c) Silver oxide d) Zi

40、nc air e) Nickel oxyhydroxide1.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this publication is to:a) Ensure the electrical and physical interchangeability of products from different manufacturers; b) Minimize proliferation of cell and battery types; c) Define a standard of performance and provide guidance for its ass

41、essment; and d) Provide guidance to consumers, manufacturers, and designers.This is achieved by specifying items such as nomenclature, dimensions, polarity, terminals, marking, test conditions, and procedures.1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCESThe following standards contain provisions that, through reference

42、in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. Parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.ANSI/ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and tolerancingANSI C18.1M Part 2, Portable pri

43、mary cells and batteries with aqueous electrolytesafety standard1.3 DEFINITIONS1.3.1 anode: electrode at which an electrochemical oxidation reaction occurs1.3.2 application test: a test that simulates the actual use of a battery in a specific application1.3.3 battery: one or more cells, including ca

44、se, terminals, and markings1.3.4 battery, button: small, round non-lithium battery, in which the overall height is less than the diameterNotethe term “battery, coin” is defined in ANSI C18.3 as a small, round lithium battery, in which the overall height is less than the diameter.1.3.5 battery, porta

45、ble: a battery that is easily carried 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.1M, Part 1-2015Page 21.3.6 battery, primary: a battery that is not designed to be electrically recharged1.3.7 battery, prismatic: cell or battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rect

46、angular1.3.8 battery, round: cylindrical battery, the overall height of which is greater than or equal to its diameter1.3.9 capacity: quantity of electricity, usually expressed in Ampere hours (Ah), or milliampere hours (mAh) which a battery can deliver under specified discharge conditions1.3.10 cat

47、hode: electrode at which an electrochemical reduction reaction occurs1.3.11 cell: basic functional unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy; consists of an assembly of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container, and terminals1.3.12 cell, primary: a cel

48、l that is not designed to be electrically recharged1.3.13 discharge: an operation during which a battery delivers power (current and voltage) by the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy to an external circuit1.3.14 electrode: electrochemically active component of a cell that interfac

49、es with the electrolyte and is electrically connected to one terminal1.3.15 electrolyte: medium containing mobile ions that render it ionically conductive1.3.16 leakage: the unplanned escape of electrolyte from a cell or battery1.3.17 minimum average duration: the required average value of service output under specified test conditions1.3.18 polarity: the electrical convention used to describe the direction in which current flows on discharge1.3.19 rating test: a discharge test used to measure the service output of a ba