福建省厦门市2019年中考英语总复习题型四阅读理解课件20190115279.ppt

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1、福建题型四 阅读理解,类型一 选择型阅读理解 一、阅读理解“三步”定位法 第一步 看题干，定位题干关键词 先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。,第二步 读文章，一次定位找原文 带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。 第三步 回看题，连线解读定答案 细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准连线，锁定答案。,二、具体解题技巧 1细节理解题 多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对 文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴， 难度较小，但所占的比例最大，一般占总分值的 60%85%。常见的设题方式有：用what, w

2、here, which, why, who, how等疑问词进行提问；用according to.开头，,后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等 的设题方式；以.because的提问方式等。 解答这类题要学会以下技巧： (1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容，可以直接搜寻； (2)细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结 尾句； (3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点。,(温州中考)I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town inSouth Canada, where in my fathers words for t

3、he seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市) was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came tosell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.,Thousands of people came to the town to at the fair. Aenjoy Grandmas food

4、Bsell and buy things Clearn to cook Dhave a big party,【解析】 由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了在集市上买东西，故选B。,2推理判断题 一般说来主要有：对细节的推理判断、对某个问题或某一 部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态 度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有： (1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that.；(2)We can learn form the sentence/paragraph/passage that.;,(3)The sentence/pa

5、ragraph/passage implies that.； (4) By saying., the author means.; (5)What can we infer from the.; (6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests.；(7) From the second example we can infer that.；(8) It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that.,(山西中考)One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole

6、 behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deephole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was i

7、mpossible to do it. Then they left.,It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the little boy is . Asilly Bstrict Cfriendly Dstrongminded,【解析】 由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年纪大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。,3词义猜测题 该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进行合理猜测。做题时可结合构词法、语法及相关知识积累进行猜测。 A serious sands

8、torm(沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday.,What does “enveloped” mean in this passage? A信封 B遮盖 C刮走 D灰尘 【解析】 由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法可知envelop在此是一个动词，排除A、D；再结合生活常识可判断，此处envelop是表示“遮盖”之意，故选B。,4主旨大意题 考查考生对短

9、文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：(1) What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? (2) The author is mainly concerned with. (3) What does the passage mainly discuss? (4) The passage is mainly about. (5)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?,解答该类题目时可注意以下几点： (1)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出

10、全文主 旨；(2)有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题 目，因为做完其他题目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的 把握；(3)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复 出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。,Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find infor

11、mation on the Internet. A computer will be the students library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through email.,Whats the main idea of this passage? ASchools will go electroni

12、c. BComputers will be important. CThere will be robot teachers. DTeachers will communicate with the students parents through email.,【解析】 第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展和论述， 故选A。,5数字推算题 要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four y

13、ears later.When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a fulltime painter.,When finishing school studies, the writer was about . A14 B16 C18 D21 【解析】 作者14岁因绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校，毕业时一定在18岁以上，故选D。,6代词指代题 考查考生结合前后文理解文章的能力，通常代词指代的内容在前文会提到。 (2016江西中考)Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve

14、. He dyed(给染色) his hair red when he was 18. It is still red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it, thats why” is his explanation. But his beard is black.,What does the underlined word “it” refer to? ACarltons hair. BCarltons beard. CCarltons coat. D. Carltons co

15、mpany.,【答案及解析】 B 通过上文他也有胡子了，可以判断后面他妻子喜欢的是他的胡子，故选B。,类型二 还原型阅读理解 还原型阅读理解要求考生阅读短文，从文后所给的句子中选出适当的填入文中。还原型阅读理解主要考查考生对短文整体结构的驾驭能力，是否能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。此处所指各句子之间的逻辑关系，可分为：并列、顺序、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。,1并列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相 属，只是组合起来，共同说明一个话题。表达并列关系的 常用连词和副词有and, at the same time等。 2顺序关系指构成语段的各个句子只能

16、按事物的发展过 程由先而后的顺序排列，不可以随便改动次序。表达顺序 关系的常用连词和副词有：first, second, third (或firstly, secondly, thirdly.), and, then, after that, finally等。,3递进关系指句群按语义的轻重、认识的深浅进行由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。表达递进关系的常用连词和副词有：above all, whats more, moreover, besides, in addition等。 4转折关系指句与句之间存在着意义的转折。按这种关系组织起来的句群通常表达“对比”、“对照”的意思。表达转折关系的常用连词和

17、副词有：but, however, yet, while等。,5总分关系指前边的句子陈述两个或两个以上的情况，后边的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。用这种方式组织起来的句群能够前后呼应，条分缕析。 6解释关系指后面的句子是对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意义更加明了、具体。表达解释关系的常用连词和副词有：because, as, for, since等。,7因果关系是一种特殊的解释关系，但不能反过来说解 释关系都是因果关系。按因果关系组成的句群有两种排列 方式：一种是从因到果。另一种是从果到因。表达因果关 系的常用连词和副词有： thats why, so, so that, as a result 等。,同学们做还原型阅读理解时，要着眼全文，理解其内容、 结构和逻辑关系。在读完短文后，要迅速阅读文后所给句 子，明确各句的意思，做到心中有数，为下一步的阅读做 好铺垫。读完备选句后，大家要细读全文，对空格前后的 句子，要反复读，找出关键词，根据文章结构、逻辑关系 做出正确的选择。在填好答案之后，从头至尾再把短文读 一篇，从语意、语境的角度核查所选句子是否正确。,