[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷414及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 414 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 What makes a great high school? Americans think a lot of things do, from outstanding academics or a supportive environment for students to a great footb
2、all or basketball team. Still, pretty much everyone agrees teaching and learning are central to the mission. High schools are expected to prepare students for further education, work, or the military and eliminate the large gaps in achievement separating different ethnic and income groups of student
3、s. These are sensible goals.While there are many great high schools among the nearly 22,000 across the country, too many are still not getting the job done. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students finish high school on time. Meanwhile, the National Assessment of Education Progress
4、tests, often referred to as “the nations report card,“ show significant achievement gaps separating white students from black and Hispanic high school students.These are not small differences but rather vast gaps that crush opportunity and tear at our nations social contract. Leave aside the intrins
5、ic value of being an educated citizen; there are practical effects as well. In 2005, the mean annual earnings were about $20,000 for a high school dropout but $54,000 for someone with a bachelors degree. And those differences are growing wider, not lessening, as our economy becomes more knowledge an
6、d skills based. In 1975, a high school dropout earned about half as much as a college graduate, compared with about one third today.This is why U.S. News set some clear criteria for academic quality in its new ranking of American high schools. These criteria mean a lot of schools dont measure uponly
7、 505 schools nationwide earned a silver or gold medal this year. The list illustrates at once the promise and the challenge for high schools today. Only about 1 in 8 of the schools on this list serves a student population that is more than 50 percent low income, and only about 1 in 5 has a majority
8、of nonwhite students. Meanwhile, about 1 in 5 selects students based on academic merit, something that obviously boosts the chances of meeting the criteria.Because the U.S. News list uses more data to judge schools, it paints a clearer picture. Of course, no list is perfect. For instance, it is diff
9、icult to account for high school graduation rates because states calculate them in different ways. But this one better reflects what policymakers and parents want from high schools, as well as the challenge our nation faces to make our high schools as good as they need to be.1 American high schools
10、are expected to(A)eliminate large social gaps.(B) remain ethnic diversities.(C) teach students practical skills.(D)prepare students for the future.2 In Paragraph 2, “the nations report card“ is mentioned to show that(A)too many high schools fail to accomplish the mission of teaching and learning.(B)
11、 half of African-American and Hispanic high school students are dropouts.(C) academic achievement gaps are the primary causes of ethnic gaps in America.(D)Achievement gaps among different ethnic groups still remain in American high schools. 3 We can learn from Paragraph 3 that(A)inequality of educat
12、ion breaks the contract America signs with its citizens.(B) income gaps are widened as the economy relies more on knowledge and skills.(C) high school education results in more economic impact than emotional one.(D)high school dropouts used to earn more in the 1970s than today.4 High schools of silv
13、er or gold medalists by U.S. News most probably(A)dedicate to students from low-income families.(B) recruit mainly white students.(C) select students based on academic performance.(D)admit only minority elite students.5 Which of the following is a feature of the U.S. News list?(A)Ideal.(B) Exaggerat
14、ing.(C) Insightful.(D)Threatening.5 You are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But Richard Wrangham, of Harvard University, believes that this is true in a more profound sense than the one implied by the old proverb. It is not just you who are what you eat, but the entire human species. And with H
15、omo sapiens, what makes the species unique in Dr. Wranghams opinion is that its food is so often cooked.Cooking is a human universal. No society is without it. No one other than a few faddists tries to survive on raw food alone. And the consumption of a cooked meal in the evening, usually in the com
16、pany of family and friends, is normal in every known society. Moreover, without cooking, the human brain(which consumes 20-25% of the bodys energy)could not keep running. Dr. Wrangham thus believes that cooking and humanity have developed alongside. In fact, as he outlined to the American Associatio
17、n for the Advancement of Science(AAAS), in Chicago, he thinks that cooking and other forms of preparing food are humanitys “killer application“: the evolutionary change that underpins all of the otherand subsequentchanges that have made people such unusual animals.Humans became human, as it were, wi
18、th the emergence 1.8 million years ago of a species called Homo erectus. This had a skeleton much like modern mansa big, brain-filled skull and a narrow pelvis and rib cage, which imply a small abdomen and thus a small gut. Hitherto, the explanation for this shift from the smaller skulls and wider p
19、elvises of mans apelike ancestors has been a shift from a vegetable-based diet to a meat-based one. Meat has more calories than plant matter, the theory went. A smaller gut could therefore support a larger brain.Dr. Wrangham disagrees. When you do the sums, he argues, raw meat is still insufficient
20、to bridge the gap. He points out that even modern “raw foodists“, members of a town-dwelling, back-to-nature social movement, struggle to maintain their weightand they have access to animals and plants that have been bred for the table. Pre-agricultural man confined to raw food would have starved.St
21、art cooking, however, and things change radically. Cooking alters food in three important ways. It breaks starch molecules into more digestible fragments. It “denatures“ protein molecules, so that their amino-acid chains unfold and digestive enzymes can attack them more easily. And heat physically s
22、oftens food. That makes it easier to digest, so even though the stuff is no more calorific, the body uses fewer calories dealing with it.6 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that(A)what you eat exerts little impact on who you are.(B) the food makes Homo sapiens different from others.(C) Hom
23、o sapiens often cooked its food.(D)Homo sapiens cook food in a unique way.7 Dr. Wrangham holds the view that(A)cooking is a human universal without exception.(B) the human brain could not work without food.(C) eating cooked meat should be accompanied by family.(D)humanity is a precondition for devel
24、opment of cooking.8 It is stated that humans had changed from their apelike ancestors to Homo erectus probably because(A)they could support a larger brain with smaller gut.(B) they had a narrow pelvis and rib cage.(C) they began to eat cooked meat and vegetables.(D)they took meat as the staple of di
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