[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷137及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 137 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The family is the center of most traditional Asians lives. Many people worry about their families welfare, reputation, and honor.

2、Asian families are often【C1】_, including several generations related by【C2 】_or marriage living in the same home. An Asian persons misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the familyincluding the dead【C3】_.Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel

3、a deep sense of duty【C4】_them. Children repay their parents【C5】_by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a【C6】_part of life in China.【C7】_, taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous【C8】_in the United States, where aging and family support are not【

4、C9 】_highly.【C10】_, in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing and many old people do not receive respect.Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are【C11】_extremely family-oriented. They are【C12】_to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their chil

5、dren to get an education.【C13】_, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons【C14】_send large parts of their income home to their parents.The Vietnamese family【C15】_people currently 【C16】_as well as the spirits of the dea

6、d and of the as-yet unborn. Any【C17】_or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. Peoples behavior is judged【C18】_whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are the【C19】_of people in the Un

7、ited States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their【 C20】_in the next life.1 【C1 】（A）extended（B） enlarged（C） lengthened（D）expanded2 【C2 】（A）bond（B） relation（C） interaction（D）blood3 【C3 】（A）settlers（B） ancestors（C） immigrants（D）pioneers4 【C4 】（A）for（B） toward（C） on

8、（D）of5 【C5 】（A）sufferings（B） contributions（C） tributes（D）sacrifices6 【C6 】（A）peculiar（B） regular（C） natural（D）formal7 【C7 】（A）In contrast（B） In comparison（C） In a way（D）to the same extent8 【C8 】（A）relief（B） responsibility（C） burden（D）business9 【C9 】（A）awarded（B） honored（C） rewarded（D）complimented 10

9、 【C10 】（A）As a result（B） In fact（C） In return（D）Yet11 【C11 】（A）only（B） however（C） furthermore（D）meanwhile12 【C12 】（A）exposed（B） confined（C） corresponded（D）dedicated13 【C13 】（A）In exchange（B） In turn（C） In return（D）In vain14 【C14 】（A）steadily（B） occasionally（C） intentionally（D）typically15 【C15 】（A）in

10、sists on（B） consists of（C） persists in（D）resists to16 【C16 】（A）live（B） living（C） lively（D）alive17 【C17 】（A）accidents（B） decisions（C） expedition（D）incidences18 【C18 】（A）in（B） for（C） by（D）on19 【C19 】（A）opposite（B） counterpart（C） opponent（D）competitor20 【C20 】（A）state（B） station（C） stature（D）statusPart

11、 ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The Nobel Prize is a mysterious incarnation of power and authority, an anointed ritual whose claims are accepted as part of the order of things. The Nobel Prize is at once a reli

12、c of the past and a self-admiring mirror of our democratized, scientized, secularized modern culture. After a century of existence, the Nobel has become a problematic part of modern history: it helps shape our perception of ourselves for better or worse.Like monarchy, the Nobel Prize surrounds itsel

13、f with mystery and extraordinary secretiveness. Indeed, the media have more easily breached the privacy of the British royal family than that of the Nobel institution.The prizes present themselves as if handed down from eternity. But as even a cursory inspection will reveal, the juries that pick the

14、 laureates have often shown bias, lapses of judgment and bitter infighting. In the sciences, a number of quarrels, scandals, and even lawsuits have erupted over claims to priority or credit for collaborations honored by Nobles. And while widely admired, the science prizes have also been charged with

15、 swaying research goals and funding, however inadvertently, and more insidiously with corrupting scientific ambitions by the lure of Nobel fames. Such controversies, together with public dissent from several prizes, have been part of the Nobel history since its beginning. All prizes stir arguments;

16、the Nobels fame simply magnifies this hugely.The very glory and stature of the Nobel Prizes prompt some sharp questions. Should such high endeavors of the human spirit as science, literature, and peace be treated as competitions, however exalted? Should these priceless efforts be paid the enormous,

17、though “honorary,“ price lavished on the winners? Would it matter if there never had been a Nobel Price? Or if it vanished tomorrow? The problem is that the prices are not merely awards and medals but are aspects of power woven into our lives: it was once and future Nobelists who built the nuclear b

18、ombs that still hang fatefully over us; Nobelists now play an important part in public and military policy.It is also true that the Nobel Prizes show modern fame: the Nobel Prize pays honor to some of the highest human adventures in nature and matter, creativity and justice. Where else, moreover, ca

19、n both the unfamed and the general public find a replacement for the authority and coherence, to whatever degree, the Nobel has come to possess? In a world and age as inwardly fractured as ours this is a question not lightly dismissed.21 The Nobel has become a problematic part of modern history beca

20、use _.（A）it reflects the modern world and results in many follow-up questions（B） it dismisses authority and coherence（C） the standard for the prize is unclear and arouses many questions（D）the prize cannot be seen as a driving force for social development22 Which of the following statements is true a

21、bout the Nobel Prize?（A）The prizes need to be diversified.（B） The prizes are unexpected to the winners.（C） The prize manifests authority and coherence.（D）Prejudice does not exist among the panel of judges any longer.23 The authors attitude towards Nobel Prize is_.（A）ambiguous（B） negative（C） objectiv

22、e（D）critical24 The word “fractured“ (Line 5, Paragraph 4) probably imply that_.（A）alienation is seen as one of the problems of modern world（B） people are stratified and separated by modern technology（C） the Nobel Prize is accepted by people from all walks of life（D）the world is diversified and Nobel

23、 does not necessarily mean authority25 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）The Authority of Nobel（B） On the Glory of Nobel（C） Nobel and the Modern World（D）A mirror of Modern Culture25 You are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But Richard Wrangham, of Harvard University,

24、 believes that this is true in a more profound sense than the one implied by the old proverb. It is not just you who are what you eat, but the entire human species. And with Homo sapiens, what makes the species unique in Dr. Wranghams opinion is that its food is so often cooked.Cooking is a human un

25、iversal. No society is without it. No one other than a few faddists tries to survive on raw food alone. And the consumption of a cooked meal in the evening, usually in the company of family and friends, is normal in every known society. Moreover, without cooking, the human brain (which consumes 20-2

26、5% of the bodys energy) could not keep running. Dr. Wrangham thus believes that cooking and humanity have developed alongside. In fact, as he outlined to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), in Chicago, he thinks that cooking and other forms of preparing food are humanitys

27、 “killer application“ : the evolutionary change that underpins all of the otherand subsequent changes that have made people such unusual animals.Humans became human, as it were, with the emergence 1.8 million years ago of a species called Homo erectus. This had a skeleton much like modem mansa big,

28、brain-filled skull and a narrow pelvis and rib cage, which imply a small abdomen and thus a small gut. Hitherto, the explanation for this shift from the smaller skulls and wider pelvises of man s apelike ancestors has been a shift from a vegetable-based diet to a meat-based one. Meat has more calori

29、es than plant matter, the theory went. A smaller gut could therefore support a larger brain.Dr. Wrangham disagrees. When you do the sums, he argues, raw meat is still insufficient to bridge the gap. He points out that even modem “raw foodists“, members of a town-dwelling, back-to-nature social movem

30、ent, struggle to maintain their weightand they have access to animals and plants that have been bred for the table. Pre-agricultural man confined to raw food would have starved.Start cooking, however, and things change radically. Cooking alters food in three important ways. It breaks starch molecule

31、s into more digestible fragments. It “denatures“ protein molecules, so that their amino-acid chains unfold and digestive enzymes can attack them more easily. And heat physically softens food. That makes it easier to digest, so even though the stuff is no more calorific, the body uses fewer calories

32、dealing with it.26 We can learn from the first paragraph that_.（A）Homo sapiens often cooked its food（B） what you eat exerts little impact on who you are（C） Homo sapiens cook food in a unique way（D）the food makes Homo sapiens different from others27 Dr. Wrangham holds the view that_.（A）the human brai

33、n could not work without food（B） cooking is a human universal without exception（C） humanity is a precondition for development of cooking（D）eating cooked meat should be accompanied by family28 It is stated that humans had changed from their apelike ancestors to Homo erectus probably because_.（A）they

34、began to eat meat（B） they had a narrow pelvis and rib cage（C） they took cooked meat as the staple of diet（D）they could support a larger brain with smaller gut29 Dr. Wrangham quotes the example of “raw foodists“ to show that_.（A）raw meat is not enough to narrow the gap（B） raw foodists also consume me

35、at and vegetables（C） raw meat is harmful to modem “raw foodists“（D）raw foodists face problems to maintain weight30 The probable title of the text is_.（A）The Evolutionary Role of Cookery（B） The Great Importance of Cookery（C） The Evolution of Human Beings（D）The Significance of Meat-based Diet30 We all

36、 know (or should know) by now that the carbon dioxide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the planets single largest contributor to global warming. It persists in the atmosphere for centuries. Reducing these emissions by as much as half by 2050 is essential to avoid disastro

37、us consequences by the end of this century, and we must begin immediately.But this is a herculean undertaking, both technically and politically. There is, however, a short-term strategy. We can slow this warming quickly by cutting emissions of four other climate pollutants: black carbon, a component

38、 of soot; methane, the main component of natural gas; lower-level ozone, a main ingredient of urban smog; and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, which are used as coolants. They account for as much as 40 percent of current warming.We can reduce black carbon emissions significantly in the next few decades

39、by using particulate filters on cars and trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel. By employing those strategies, California, for instance, has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by nearly half since the late 1980s. In addition, we can further reduce emissions of black carbon and carbon m

40、onoxide (which produces lower-level ozone) in the developing world simply by turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stoves, by replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lamps, and by deploying modern brick kilns.Methane emissions can be cut by nearly a third

41、by reducing leaks from gas pipes, coal mines and hydraulic fracturing, by capturing methane from waste dumps, water treatment plants and manure, and by cutting emissions from rice paddies.These reductions in methane, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds would also significantly reduce lowe

42、r-level ozone, which is another important climate-warming pollutant that is formed by the interaction of sunlight with other short-lived pollutants.And HFCs, which are widely used in refrigerators, can be replaced with readily available climate-friendly refrigerants. Nearly 100 ozone-depleting chemi

43、cals have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty that took effect in 1989 , and more than 100 countries support a shift to the safer HFC alternatives. Phasing down HFCs would provide climate protection many times greater than the current Kyoto climate treatythe equivale

44、nt of about 100 billion tons of carbon dioxide by 2050.Unlike carbon dioxide, these pollutants are short-lived in the atmosphere. If we stop emitting them, they will disappear in a matter of weeks to a few decades. These reductions would also prevent an estimated two to four million deaths from air

45、pollution and avoid billions of dollars of crop loss annually, according to a study commissioned by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization.31 The word “herculean“(Line 1, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to_.（A）powerful（B） easy（C） glorious（D）difficult32 Cu

46、tting emissions of which one of the following pollutants dose not belong to the short-term strategy to deal with global warming?（A）Methane and lower-level ozone.（B） HFCs.（C） Carbon dioxide.（D）Black carbon.33 According to the paragraph 3, California has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by

47、_.（A）deploying modern brick kilns（B） replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lamps（C） turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stoves（D）using particulate filters on cars and trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel34 The reason why the four other climate pol

48、lutants can disappear in a matter of weeks is that_.（A）they are short-lived in the atmosphere（B） more than 100 countries support a shift to the safer HFC alternatives（C） nearly 100 ozone-depleting chemicals have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol（D）they account for as much as 40 percent of

49、current warming 35 It can be inferred from the 6th paragraph that_.（A）Kyoto climate treaty is not as effective as Montreal Protocol（B） international treaties are effective in the fight against climate change（C） phasing down HFCs would provide the greatest climate protection of all ways（D）most countries are willing to participate and comply with Kyoto climate treaty35 Players of FarmVille, an online game, ra