ITU-R RS 1165-2-2006 Technical characteristics and performance criteria for systems in the meteorological aids service in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands《气象辅助业务中无线电探空系统的技术特征和性能标准》.pdf
《ITU-R RS 1165-2-2006 Technical characteristics and performance criteria for systems in the meteorological aids service in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands《气象辅助业务中无线电探空系统的技术特征和性能标准》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ITU-R RS 1165-2-2006 Technical characteristics and performance criteria for systems in the meteorological aids service in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands《气象辅助业务中无线电探空系统的技术特征和性能标准》.pdf(24页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、 Rec. ITU-R RS.1165-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R RS.1165-2 Technical characteristics and performance criteria for systems in the meteorological aids service in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands (1995-1997-2006) Scope This Recommendation gives the technical characteristics and performance criteria for syst
2、ems in the meteorological aids service in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands. All the various metaids systems are covered: radiosondes, dropsondes and rocketsondes. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that upper-air meteorological measurements carried out by radiosondes are an essential
3、 element of the World Weather Watch Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); b) that many defence services deploy radiosonde systems in order to support a variety of operations, independent of the World Weather Watch Programme; c) that many radiosonde systems are used for local and
4、regional monitoring of atmospheric pollution conditions and also for tracking the trajectories of hazardous discharges from natural or man-made disasters; d) that radiosonde systems operating in the meteorological aids (MetAids) service have unique radiocommunication requirements; e) that radiosonde
5、, dropsonde, and rocketsonde systems under MetAids service mainly operate in the bands 400.15-406 MHz (called the 403 MHz band) and 1 668.4-1 700 MHz (called the 1 680 MHz band) with limitations as per the provision No. 5.379E of the Radio Regulations (RR); f) that radiosondes in the MetAids service
6、 are flown on balloons and rockets and may operate with stations located on land or ships; g) that other types of radiosondes in the MetAids service are dropped from aircraft and operate with stations located on aircraft; h) that performance objectives for transmissions to and from radiosondes must
7、be consistent with the attendant functional requirements and with the performance limitations associated with the systems and frequency bands in which the requirements will be fulfilled; j) that performance objectives for representative systems operating in the MetAids service are intended to provid
8、e guidelines for the development of actual systems that must operate in a frequency sharing environment; k) that performance objectives for particular systems may be determined using the methodology similar to that described in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1021; 2 Rec. ITU-R RS.1165-2 l) that performance
9、 objectives are a prerequisite for the determination of interference criteria; m) that Recommendation ITU-R RS.1263 provides the interference criteria for systems in the meteorological aids service operating in the 403 MHz and 1 680 MHz bands, recommends 1 that the technical and operational characte
10、ristics in Annex 1 should be considered as typical for meteorological aids in the 403 and 1 680 MHz bands; 2 that the performance criteria specified in Table 3 should be considered when developing interference criteria and conducting sharing studies with other services. Annex 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Da
11、ily meteorological operations Meteorological aids1are mainly used for in situ upper air measurements of meteorological variables (pressure, temperature, relative humidity, windspeed and direction) in the atmosphere up to an altitude of 36 km. The measurements are vital to national weather forecastin
12、g capability (and hence severe weather warning services for the public involving protection of life and property). The meteorological aids and associated tracking systems provide simultaneous measurements of the vertical structure of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed and direction over t
13、he full height range required. The variation of these meteorological variables in the vertical contains the majority of the critical information for weather forecasting. The MetAids systems are the only meteorological observing systems able to regularly provide the vertical resolution that meteorolo
14、gists need for all four variables. Identification of the heights where sudden changes in a variable occur is vital. Thus, it is essential that continuity of reliable measurements is sustained throughout the ascent of the radiosonde. The MetAids observations are produced by radiosondes carried by asc
15、ending balloons launched from land stations or ships, dropsondes deployed from aircraft and carried by a parachute, and rocketsondes lifted into the atmosphere by rocket and descend under a parachute during data collection. Radiosonde observations are carried out routinely by almost all countries, t
16、wo to four times a day. The observation data are then circulated immediately to all other countries within a few hours via the WMO Global Telecommunications System (GTS). The observing systems and data dissemination are all organized under the framework of the World Weather Watch Programme of WMO. 1
17、This Recommendation addresses radiosondes, dropsondes, and rocketsondes operated in the meteorological aids (MetAids) service. The term MetAids is used when the discussion applies to all three types of systems. The specific system name (radiosonde, dropsonde and rocketsonde) is used when the discuss
18、ion applies to one or two of the specific types of systems. Rec. ITU-R RS.1165-2 3 The radiosonde network provides the primary global source of real-time in situ measurements. WMO Regulations (Manual on the Global Data-Processing System (GDPS) require that radiosonde measurements should be made and
19、circulated to all GDPS centres worldwide at national, regional and global levels for numerical weather prediction. The observation stations are required, worldwide, at a horizontal spacing of less than or equal to 250 km, during the first decade of the twenty-first century, with a frequency of obser
20、vation of from one to four times per day. However, the numerical weather prediction models for small scale meteorological phenomena (e.g. thunderstorm, local winds, tornadoes) and environmental emergencies will actually require local upper air observations every one to three hours at a horizontal re
21、solution from 50 to 100 km. Observations are to be provided from a variety of observing systems, chosen according to the needs of the national administration, including MetAids measurements, wind profiler radar measurements or satellite measurements. The radiosonde observations are essential to main
22、tain stability in the WMO Global Observing System (GOS). Remotely sensed measurements from satellites do not have the vertical resolution available from radiosondes. Successful derivation of vertical temperature structure from these satellite measurements usually requires a computation initialized e
23、ither directly from radiosonde statistics or from the numerical weather forecast itself. In the latter case, the radiosonde measurements ensure that the vertical structure in these forecasts remains accurate and stable with time. In addition, the radiosonde measurements are used to calibrate satelli
24、te observations by a variety of techniques. Radiosonde observations are thus seen to remain absolutely necessary for meteorological operations for the foreseeable future. 1.2 Monitoring climate change Large worldwide changes have occurred in atmospheric temperature and ozone in the last 20 years, wi
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