IMO TA110E-2003 Dangerous Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes.pdf

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1、IMO MODEL COURSE I a.ao DANGEROUS, HAZARD01 AND HARMFUL CARGOE (2002 Edition) JS IS International Maritime Organization Model Course 1 .IO Dangerous, Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes (2002 Edition) IMO Published by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR First editio

2、n 1999 Second edition 2002 Printed by Ashford Open Learning Ltd 2468 109753 1 ISBN 92-801 -5148-7 IMO PUBLICATION Sales number: TA1 1 OE Copyright O IMO 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, ele

3、ctronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization. CONTENTS Foreword Introduction Purpose of IMO model courses Use of the model course Lesson plans Presentation Implementation Part A: Course

4、Framework Scope Object ive Entry standards Course certificate, diploma or document Course intake limitations Staff requirements Teaching facilities and equipment Teaching aids (A) Optional audiovisual aids IMO references (R) Textbooks (T) Bibliography (B) Part 6: Course Outline and Timetable Part C:

5、 Detailed Teaching Syllabus Part D: Instructor Manual Introduction Guidance notes Appendix 1 : Exercises Appendix 2: Case studies for MFAG and Ems Part E: Evaluation Introduction Method of evaluation Validity Re1 ia bi I i ty Subjective testing Object ive testing Distracters Guess factor Scoring Inf

6、ormation Requested of Instructors Who Implement IMO Model Courses Guidance on the Implementation of Model Courses ix 1 3 10 13 25 48 50 53 Compendium for Model Course 1.10 Dangerous, Hazardous and Harmful Cargoes 77 Purpose of the Course Part 1: 1 .I 1.2 Main issues Personal objectives Background an

7、d General Introduction 80 Part 2 : Need for international agreements Establishment of IMO IMOS dangerous goods codes 2.1 2.2 2.3 Convent i on s 82 Part 3: The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 74) The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Shi

8、ps, 1973/78 (MARPOL 73/78) Dangerous goods and harmful substances 3.1 3.2 3.3 84 Part 4: IMO and Dangerous Goods 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Introduction The Committee structure UN Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods The UN Recommendations and IMO The IMDG Code 86 Part 5: 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 In

9、troduction Application of the Code Content and layout of the Code The Dangerous Goods List 91 Classification - Physics and Chemistry Part 6: 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Introduction What are physics and chemistry? Physical chemistry Hazardous chemicals and chemical reactions 107 Classification -The UN System as

10、 Used by IMO Part 7: United Nations classes Packing groups Proper shipping names and United Nations Numbers Explosives Radioactive materials Infectious substances Classification of samples 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Part 8: Classification -The IMDG Code Classes 116 8.1 8.2 Classification of unusual

11、 items 8.3 Waste materials Presentation and use of information Part 9: Packing and Tank Requirements 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 I nt roduct ion Terminology Distribution hazards for packages The relevance of packing groups (PG) Packagings for all classes (except class 7) Packagings for

12、classes 1, 2, 4.1, 5.2, 6.2 and 7 Mixed packing Selecting a suitable IBC Large packagings Unpackaged articles Tank systems 9.1 1 General requirements 9.12 IMO tanks (pre-2000) 9.13 UN tanks (2000 onwards) 9.14 Selecting a suitable tank 9.15 Solids in tanks 9.16 Solids in bulk packagings Part IO: Con

13、struction and Testing of Packagings, IBCs and Portable Tanks 1 O. 1 Introduction 10.2 Packaging definitions 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 Performance tests for packagings Preparation for testing Packaging perform ance tests Packaging test reports UN pac

14、kaging mark Intermediate bulk container (IBC) definitions Performance tests for IBCs IBC test reports UN mark for IBCs Periodic inspections of IBCs Large packagings Performance tests for large packagings Test reports for large packagings UN marks for large packagings National procedures for packagin

15、g: IBC and large packagings tests 118 130 Gas cylinders i 0.1 7 Receptacles for gases 10.18 Testing and marking of gas cylinders 1 O. 19 Packagings for infectious substances (class 6.2) 10.20 Packagings for radioactive materials (class 7) 10.21 Tank construction and testing 10.22 Approval of tanks 1

16、0.23 Periodic inspections Part 11 : Consignment Procedures 1 1 .I Introduction Marking and labelling of packages (including IBCs) 1 1.2 Marking of packages 11.3 Labelling of packages Marking and placarding of cargo transport units 1 1.4 General provisions 11.5 Marks and signs 1 1.6 Placards Document

17、ation 11.7 Dangerous goods note 11.8 Compliance declaration 1 1.9 Containedvehicle packing certification 1 1.1 O Special certificates 11 .I 1 Documentation required on board the ship Part 12: Limited Quantities 12.1 Limited Quantities 12.2 Permitted consignments 12.3 Packaging requirements 12.4 12.5

18、 Consignment concessions Mixed packing, segregation and stowage Part 13: Transport Operations 13.1 Introduction Stowage 13.2 Stowage principles 13.3 General stowage requirements 13.4 Specific stowage requirements 13.5 Stowage of explosives Segregation 13.6 Segregation principles 13.7 General segrega

19、tion requirements 13.8 Specific segregation procedures 13.9 Actions to be taken in the event of incidents involving dangerous goods and fire precautions 13.1 O Cargo transport units 13.1 1 General handling, stowage and segregation 13.12 Container packing of cargo transport units (CTUs) 145 157 159 1

20、3.13 Shipborne barges 13.1 4 Barge loading, stowage and segregation 13.1 5 Temperature control 13.16 Transport of wastes 13.17 Competent Authorities 13.18 Competent Authority approvals I Part 14: IMDG Code Supplement 175 14.1 Supplement contents Emergency response procedures for ships carrying dange

21、rous goods (Ems) Emergency response procedures (Ems Guide) General procedures for using the Guide 14.2 14.3 Medical First Aid Guide for use in accidents involving dangerous goods 14.4 Medical First Aid Guide 14.5 Structure of the MFAG Reporting Procedures 14.6 General principles 14.7 Guidelines for

22、reporting incidents 14.8 Appendices IMO/ILO/UN CE Guidelines for Packing Cargo Transport Units 14.9 Scope and general conditions 14.10 Visual inspections prior to packing 14.1 1 Stowage planning and packing/securing of cargo 14.12 Actions on receipt of CTUs Safe use of pesticides in ships 14.13 Reco

23、mmendations on the Safe Use of Pesticides in Ships Carriage of nuclear materials (INF Code) 14.14 INF Code Appendix 14.15 Appendix to the Supplement Part 15: Recommendations on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Cargoes and Related Activities in Port Areas 192 15.1 Introduction 15.2 15.3 Responsibility

24、 and training 15.4 General recommendations Warehouses, terminal areas and infrastructure Specific recommendations for certain dangerous cargoes 15.5 Packaged dangerous goods 15.6 National port regulations Part 16: Updating the IMDG Code 16.1 Introduction 16.2 16.3 IMDG Code amendments 16.4 16.5 The

25、new-format IMDG Code Reasons for updating the IMDG Code The importance of keeping up to date 195 viii Foreword Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest priority t

26、o assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities through the provision or improvement of training facilities at national and regional levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate training for senior personnel in administration

27、, ports, shipping companies and maritime training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malm, Sweden, in 1983. Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member Gove

28、rnments had suggested that the IMO should develop model training courses to assist in the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and consultants also subsequently deter

29、mined from their visits to training establishments in developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the quality of their existing courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference

30、 and IMO Assembly resolutions. In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short courses in various fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime administrati

31、ons, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in certain specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses in response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of Norway. These model courses may be used by any tr

32、aining institution and the Organization is prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite financing is available, W. A. ONEIL Secretary General ix Introduction Purpose of IMO model courses The purpose of the IMO model courses is to assist maritime training inst

33、itutes and their teaching staff in organizing and introducing new training courses, or in enhancing, updating or supplementing existing training material where the quality and effectiveness of the training courses may thereby be improved. It is not the intention of the model course programme to pres

34、ent instructors with a rigid “teaching package” which they are expected to “follow blindly”. Nor is it the intention to substitute audiovisual or “programmed” material for the instructors presence. As in all training endeavours, the knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key comp

35、onents in the transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained through IMO model course material. Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has been designed to identify the ba

36、sic entry requirements and trainee target group for each course in universally applicable terms, and to specify clearly the technical content and levels of knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related recommendations. Use of the model course To use the mo

37、del course the instructor should review the course plan and detailed syllabus, taking into account the information provided under the entry standards specified in the course framework. The actual level of knowledge and skills and the prior technical education of the trainees should be kept in mind d

38、uring this review, and any areas within the detailed syllabus which may cause difficulties because of differences between the actual trainee entry level and that assumed by the course designer should be identified. To compensate for such differences, the instructor is expected to delete from the cou

39、rse, or reduce the emphasis on, items dealing with knowledge or skills already attained by the trainees. He should also identify any academic knowledge, skills or technical training which they may not have acquired. By analysing the detailed syllabus and the academic knowledge required to allow trai

40、ning in the technical area to proceed, the instructor can design an appropriate pre-entry course or, alternatively, insert the elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training elements concerned at appropriate points within the technical course. Adjustment of the course obje

41、ctives, scope and content may also be necessary if in your maritime industry the trainees completing the course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the model course. Within the course plan the course designers have indicated their assessment of the time which

42、 should be allotted to each learning area. However, it must be appreciated that these allocations are arbitrary and assume that the trainees have fully met all entry requirements of the course. The instructor should therefore review these assessments and may need to re- allocate the time required to

43、 achieve each specific learning objective. 1 DANGEROUS, HAZARDOUS AND HARMFUL CARGOES Lesson plans Having adjusted the course content to suit the trainee intake and any revision of the course objectives, the instructor should draw up lesson plans based on the detailed syllabus. The detailed syllabus

44、 contains specific references to the textbooks or teaching material proposed to be used in the course. Where no adjustment has been found necessary in the learning objectives of the detailed syllabus, the lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with keywords or other reminders added

45、 to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the material. Presentation The presentation of concepts and methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied that the trainee has attained each specific learning objective. The syllabus is laid out in learning-ob

46、jective format and each objective specifies what the trainee must be able to do as the learning outcome. Implementation For the course to run smoothly and to be effective, considerable attention must be paid to the availability and use of: O properly qualified instructors O support staff O rooms and

47、 other spaces o equipment O textbooks, technical papers O other reference material Thorough preparation is the key to successful implementation of the course. IMO has produced a booklet entitled Guidance on the Implementation of IMO Model Courses, which deals with this aspect in greater detail. The

48、text of this booklet is included at the end of this course. 2 Part A: Course Framework Scope This course is intended for: 0 seafaring personnel responsible for the cargo handling of packaged dangerous, hazardous and harmful cargoes (hereafter referred to as “dangerous goods”) aboard ships and 0 shor

49、e-based personnel (including Competent Authority and similar personnel) responsible for the transport of dangerous goods by sea and involved in any of the aspects set out below. The course will include, but is not limited to, classification, packaging, consignment procedures, loading, segregation, etc. Most of the course material is common to both target groups, although the time needed for individual topics will vary. For example, seafaring staff need more detailed consideration of stowage than those on shore, whilst the reverse is true of package manufacturing and testing. The two cours