ICAO 8896-2008 Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Eighth Edition《航空气象规范手册 第8版》.pdf

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1、OAC/ Doc 8896 AN/893 Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Eighth Edition 2008 International Civil Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for Res

2、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 For ordering information and for a complete listing of

3、sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at www.icao.int Seventh edition 2006 Eighth edition 2008 ICAO Doc 8896, Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Order Number: 8896 ISBN 978-92-9231-220-6 ICAO 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, s

4、tored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission In writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

5、tted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications: the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS A

6、ND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS No Date Entered by CORRIGENDA No Date / Entered by (Hi) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD 1 The first edition of the Manual of

7、 Aeronautical Meteorological Practice, published in response to recommendations made by the Meteorology and Operations Divisional Meeting Pans, 1964), vi/as intended as a guide for use by pilots and other aeronautical personnel on meteorological procedures, codes, symbols and abbreviations It also c

8、ontained a multilingual list of terms and phrases commonly used in meteorological bnefings 2 A second edition was prepared in 1977 to reflect, in particular, the many changes in procedures and terminology recommended by the Eighth Air Navigation Conference and the Meteorology Divisional Meeting (197

9、4) 3 As demand for the manual continued to grow and because further important changes to meteorological procedures had taken place, particularly in connection with the recommendations for the establishment of a world area forecast system (WAFS) made by the Communications/Meteorology Divisional Meeti

10、ng (Montreal, 1982), a third edition was prepared That edition was rewntten aiming to meet the needs of operational aeronautical meteorologists, particularly those at the working level, as welt as the needs of pilots and other aeronautical personnel 4 As a consequence of an extensive amendment propo

11、sal to Annex 3 Meteorological Sen/ice for International Air Navigation developed by the Communications/Meteorology/Operations (COM/MET/OPS) Divisional Meeting (1990) including, in particular, provisions regarding the transition to the final phase of the WAFS, aerodrome observations, reports and fore

12、casts, SIGMET information, etc, a fourth edition of the manual was published In order to continue to meet users requirements, however, the structure of the manual was not changed 5 The fifth edition was the direct result of Amendment 70 to Annex 3, applicable from 1 January 1996, which constituted a

13、 comprehensive update of the provisions, in particular, those related to air-reporting and the observation and reporting of wind shear In addition, new provisions concerning information on weather phenomena hazardous to tow-level flights (AIRMET and GAMET messages) were introduced However, the basic

14、 structure of the manual was maintained 6 The sixth edition reflected the substantial changes made to Annex 3 m Amendments 71 and 72 7 The seventh edition takes account of the substantial changes which were introduced in Annex 3 through Amendment 73, which was developed by the Meteorological Divisio

15、nal Meeting (2002) and became applicable in November 2004 In view of the fact that all of the technical specifications and templates have now been regrouped in Part II of Annex 3 by subject matter, it is no longer considered to be necessary to reproduce these templates in this manual Furthermore, ma

16、tenal related to coordination between aeronautical meteorological services and ATS, SAR and AIS units has been eliminated since these issues are extensively covered in the 1 Held conjointiy with the Third Session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) of the WMO 2 Held, in part, conjo

17、intly with the Extraordinary Session (1974) of the body mentioned in Note 1 3 Held conjointly with the Seventh Session of the body mentioned in Note 1 4 Held conjointly with the Ninth Session of the body mentioned in Note 1 5 Held conjointly with the Twelfth Session of the body mentioned in Note 1 (

18、V) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(vi) Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Manual on Coordination between Air Traffic Services, Aeronautical Infor

19、mation Services and Aeronautical Meteorological Services (Doc 9377). For the efficient use of the seventh edition of this manual, it is therefore important to have easy access to both Annex 3 and Doc 9377. 8. The eighth edition incorporates all the changes included in Amendment 74 to Annex 3. Furthe

20、rmore, the explanation of the terms “MET authority“, “MET inspectorate“, “MET regulator“ and “MET service provider“ has been introduced; guidance related to issuance of SIGMET has been expanded; and the chapter related to meteorological service for operators and flight crew members has been reorgani

21、zed and clarified. 9. The body of the manual is still based primarily on Annex 3, summarized and enlarged upon, where necessary. The appendices provide information on other subjects such as location of instruments at aerodromes and use of meteorological Information by flight operations officers. 10.

22、 Annex 3 is a constantly evolving document, as are all ICAO Annexes. Some procedures described in this manual are cun-ently under review by the Air Navigation Commission and may have changed by the time it is printed and issued. However, the usual amendment service for ICAO documents will keep users

23、 of this manual up to date, on a timely basis, on changes of this kind. 11. In conclusion, it should be stressed that the material in this manual is intended for guidance only. It is not intended to replace relevant national Instnjctions, or explanatory material, such as the explanations of codes an

24、d symbols, normally shown in flight documentation, nor Is it intended to cover the many non-aeronautical uses of meteorological infomiation. Nothing in this manual should be taken as contradicting or conflicting with Annex 3 provisions or any other Standards, Recommended Practices, procedures or gui

25、dance material published by ICAO or WMO. It should also be noted that in this manual the words “shall“ or “should“ are not used In a regulatory sense as in ICAO or WMO regulatory documents. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo re

26、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1. Meteorological Service for International Aviation 1-1 1.1 General 1-1.2 Meteorological offices .*. 1-3 1.3 MWOs1.4 Meteorological stations 1-1.5 WAFCs 1-4 1.6 Tropical cyclone advisory centres (TCACs) 1

27、-1.7 Volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs)1.8 State volcano observatories 1-5 Chapter 2. Meteorological Observations and Reports 2-1 2.1 General 2-2.2 Aerodrome observations and reports 2-2.3 Routine reports 2 2.4 Special reports 2-21 2.5 Reports of volcanic activity 2-23 2.6 Basic meteorological da

28、ta 4 Chapters. Forecasts 3-3.1 General 1 3.2 Accuracy of aeronautical meteorological forecasts 3-3.3 Types of aeronautical meteorological forecasts3.4 TAF 3-3 3.5 Trend forecasts 3-7 3.6 Forecasts for take-off 3-11 3.7 Forecasts of en-route conditions general 3-12 Chapter 4. SIGMET Information, Trop

29、ical Cyclone and Volcanic Ash Advisory Information, AIRMET Information, Aerodrome Warnings and Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts 4-4.1 General 1 4.2 SIGMET information . 4-4.3 Tropical cyclone and volcanic ash advisory information 4-5 4.4 AIRMET information 4-6 4.5 Aerodrome warnings 9 4.6 Wind shear w

30、arnings and alerts 4-10 (vii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-(viii) Manual of Aeronautical Meteorological Practice Page Chapter 5. Meteorological Service for

31、 Operators and Flight Crew Members 5-1 5.1 General provisions 5-5.2 Briefing, consultation and display 5-4 5.3 Flight documentation 5 5.4 Automated pre-flight information systems 5-8 5.5 Information for aircraft in flight 5-9 Chapter 6. Dissemination of Aeronautical Meteorological Information 6-1 6.

32、1 General 6-6.2 Dissemination of OPMET information on the AFTN 6-1 6.3 Dissemination of aeronautical meteorological information on ICAO AFS satellite broadcasts 6-4 6.4 Dissemination of OPMET information on the Internet 6-6.5 Interrogation procedures for international OPMET databanks 6-6.6 Dissemina

33、tion of aeronautical meteorological information to aircraft in flight 6-5 Chapter 7. Aircraft Observations and Reports 7-1 7.1 General 7-7.2 Reporting of aircraft observations during flight 7-1 7.3 Routine aircraft observations 7-7.4 Special and other non-routine aircraft observations 7-2 7.5 Conten

34、t of air-reports 4 7.6 Criteria for reporting meteorological and related parameters in automated air-reports 7-7 7.7 Exchange of air-reports7.8 Recording and post-flight reporting of aircraft observations of volcanic activity 7-8 7.9 Detailed instructions concerning the retransmission of air-reports

35、 received by MWOs 7-Chapter 8. Aeronautical Climatological Information 8-1 Chapter 9. Relevant Documents 9-9.1 ICAO documents of a specifically meteorological nature 9-1 9.2 WMO documents . 9-3 9.3 Other ICAO documents 9-4 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1. Information on the world area forecast system

36、(WAFS) A1-1 Appendix 2. Location of instruments at aerodromes A2-Appendix 3. Reporting of prevailing visibility using fully automatic observing systems A3-1 Appendix 4. Criteria for trend forecasts A4-Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for

37、ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table of Contents (ix) Page Appendix 5. Notifying WAFCs of significant discrepancies A5-1 Appendix 6. An operational wind shear and inversion warning system for Helsinki-Vantaa Airport A6-Appendix 7. Use of meteorological inf

38、ormation for pre-flight planning by operators and flight crew A7-1 Appendix 8. Commonly used abbreviations in meteorological messages A8-1 Appendix 9. Guidelines for access to aeronautical meteorological information A9-1 Appendix 10. Template for routine air reports by air-ground data iinlt A10-1 Co

39、pyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter 1 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION 1.1 GENERAL 1.1.1 Meteorological service for international aviation

40、is provided by meteorological authorities designated by States. Details of the meteorological service to be provided for international aviation are determined by each State In accordance with the provisions of Annex 3 and with due regard for regional air navigation agreements, which apply to specifi

41、c areas designated as air navigation regions by ICAO. Each State also establishes a suitable number of meteorological offices, i.e. aerodrome meteorological offices, meteorological watch offices (MWOs), other offices and aeronautical meteorological stations. Meteorological offices and aeronautical m

42、eteorological stations provide information required for operational planning, flight operations, the protection of aeronautical equipment on the ground, and for various other aeronautical uses. The infonnation provided includes observations and reports of actual weather conditions at aerodromes and

43、forecasts; it is made available at aerodrome meteorological offices and is disseminated as appropriate to aeronautical users, including operators, flight crew members, air traffic services (ATS) units, search and rescue (SAR) units, airport management and others concerned with the conduct or develop

44、ment of international air navigation. 1.1.2 Forecasts of en-route conditions, except forecasts for low-level flights issued by meteorological offices, are prepared by world area forecast centres (WAFCs) (see 1.5). This ensures the provision of high-quality and uniform forecasts for flight planning a

45、nd flight operations. It also permits MWOs to concentrate on keeping watch on weather conditions in their flight information regions (FIRs) and permits meteorological offices at aerodromes to concentrate on local aerodrome forecasting, to keep watch over local (aerodrome) conditions and to issue war

46、nings of weather conditions that could adversely affect operations and facilities at the aerodrome (e.g. aerodrome and wind shear warnings). 1.1.3 SIGMET and AIRMET information concerning the occurrence of speclfled en-route phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations are issued by

47、MWOs (see 1.3). In the specific case of SIGMET information related to tropical cyclones and volcanic ash, specialized advisory Information is required to support the preparation of such SIGMET information in MWOs. Tropical cyclone advisory centres (TCACs) and volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs) (s

48、ee 1.6 and 1.7) have been designated to prepare and disseminate such advisory information. 1.,1.4 The responsibility for the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation mentioned in 1.1.1 rests with the meteorological authority designated by each State in accordance with Ann

49、ex 3, Chapter 2, 2.1.4. The meteorological (MET) authority may wish to provide the service or may arrange for the provision of the service by other providers on its behalf. 1.1.5 Terms additional to the “MET authority“ are being used in the context of safety oversight audits (SOA) related to institutional arrangements in States. In particular, use o