ETSI TR 101 982-2002 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM) Radio Equipment to Be Used in the 24 GHz Band System Reference Document for Automotive Collision.pdf

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1、ETSI TR 101 982 1.2.1 (2002-07) Technical Repor Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio equipment to be used in the 24 GHz band; System Reference Document for automotive collision warning Short Range Radar 2 ETSI TR 101 982 VI .2.1 (2002-07) Reference RTR/ERM-RM-O13 Key

2、words radar, radio, short range ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-prfecture de Grasse (06) No 7803/88 Important notice Individual co

3、pies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:lwmv.etsi .arq The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Forma

4、t (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current st

5、atus of this and other ETSI documents is available at ha p:/pa rta I. etsi I a rgltbistat uslstatus .as p If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: Cori vriaht Notifica tion No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing

6、restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2002. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTMand UMTSTMare Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETS

7、I for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 101 982 VI . 2.1 (2002-07) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4 Foreword . 4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, sy

8、mbols and abbreviations . 5 3.1 Definitions 5 3.2 Symbols 8 3.3 Abbreviations . 8 4 Executive summary 9 4.1 Status of the System Reference Document 10 Technical Issues . 10 4.2 5 Main conclusions 13 Annex A: Detailed market information 14 A . 1 Applications . 14 A.2 Market size and value . 14 A.3 Tr

9、affic evaluation . 15 Annex B: Technical information . 16 B . 1 Detailed technical description 16 B.2 Technical justifications for spectrum . 22 B.2.1 Power 22 B.2.2 Frequency (See also spectrum requireme 22 B.2.2.1 Unit Size . 23 B.2.2.2 23 B.2.2.2.1 Required BandwidtWRange Separation 24 B.2.2.2.2

10、Application Capability 25 B.2.2.2.3 Mass Production Capability 25 25 26 B.2.2.2.4 . B.2.3 Bandwidth and other . B.3 Information on current version of relevant ETSI standard . 28 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues . 29 C . 1 Coexistence studies (if any) . 29 C.2 Current ITU allocations 29 C.3 Sha

11、ring issues . 29 Annex E: Bibliography . 31 History 32 Annex D: Item check lists (remaining Items) 30 ETSI 4 ETSI TR 101 982 VI .2.1 (2002-07) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to th

12、ese essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR O00 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (7PRs); Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notlJied to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest

13、updates are available on the ETSI Web server (5). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR O00 3 14 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are,

14、 or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). It includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MOU between ETSI and

15、 the European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) for amending CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 i. I n t rod uct ion The industry has responded to European Commission programs and has developed new, efficient 24 GHz Short

16、Range Radar (SRR) solutions for Road Safety and Intelligent Transport Systems. This is in support of such programs as IST, the EU Approach to Road Safety and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and RESPONSE, Project TR4022 (see bibliography). This Systems Reference Document relates to a basic elemen

17、t of the IST program for the automotive sector and can be applied in a variety of applications. The objective and focus of “The EU Approach to Road Safety and Intelligent Transport systems (ITS)“ (see bibliography), “Intelligent Vehicle Systems“ are defined as “Improve Safety, Security, Comfort and

18、Efficiency in all Transport modes“ and “Focusing on Advanced Pilot/Driver Assistance Systems (in support of vision, alertness, manoeuvring, automated driving compliance with the regulations, etc.)“. Further the new 24 GHz Radar system is an essential “building block“ of the EU Project RESPONSE, Proj

19、ect TR4022 (see bibliography) Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: “System Safety and Driver Performance“. ETSI 5 ETSI TR 101 982 VI .2.1 (2002-07) 1 Scope The present document applies to Short Range Devices (SRD) in the field of SRR operating at very low power levels for exterior automotive applicat

20、ions for vehicle environmental sensing. These applications require antenna characteristics, which necessitate narrow beam and low elevation antenna angles with a limited mounting height. The present document describes the technical characteristics of SRRs, the Radio frequency requirements as a wideb

21、and frequency range, for the carrier frequency operating in the 24 GHz SRD as specified in CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 i. The devices also use the SRD Band for a movement sensor function implementing a Doppler mode for a target speed measurement function. The EN 301 091 3 presents a basis for the

22、new cost efficient and versatile 24 GHz radar technology, which complements 77 GHz Automotive Cruise Control (ACC) functions. The following information is given in: Annex A: Detailed market information; Annex B: Technical information; Annex C: Expected compatibility issues. 2 Re fe re nces For the p

23、urposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: il 21 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 : “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“ ETSI EN 300 440-1 : “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short range devices; Radio equipment to be used in the 1

24、 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range; Part 1 : Technical characteristics and test methods“. 31 ETSI EN 301 091: “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics and test methods for radar equipment operating in the 76

25、GHz to 77 GHz band“. “Short Range Automotive Radar (SRR)“, ERO/ERC workshop 20 March 2001, RegTP Maim. 41 NOTE: 51 http :/Tvw cro derocts:srd/(9aD-U a device that measures the similarity between an incoming signal and a stored replica cross-correlation: measure of the similarity of two different sig

26、nals de-spreading: process used by a correlator to recover narrowband information from a spread spectrum signal diffraction loss: loss between two antennas caused by the scattering of energy from obstruction in the path directive gain: in a given direction, 4pi times ratio of the radiation intensity

27、 in that direction to the total power radiated by the antenna Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS): It can be assumed that the information signal in DSSS transmission is spread at baseband, and the spread signal is then modulated in a second stage. drift (frequency): the linear (first-order) compo

28、nent of a systematic change in frequency of an oscillator over time. Drift is due to aging plus changes in the environment and other factors external to the oscillator data symbol. duty cycle: As defined in SRD REC 70-03, the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the maximum transmitter “on“ time and

29、 referenced to a given observation time. Dwell time: continuous time duration a carrier frequency stays within a given frequency channel Federal Communications Commission, Notice of Proposal Rule Making (FCC NPRM): The regulative authority of the United States (FCC) has started a rule making process

30、 regarding ultrawideband transmitters which will result into a standard amendment of 47FDR part 15. One important document during this process is the “notice of proposed rulemaking“, released in 5/2000. fractional bandwidth: in a design the ratio of necessary bandwidth divided by the carrier frequen

31、cy e.g. 3 GHz / 24 GHz = 12,5 % free-space path loss: in an antenna, the loss between two isotropic radiators in free space resulting from the decrease in power density with the square of the separation distance frequency allocation (of a frequency band): entry in the Table of Frequency Allocations

32、of a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions NOTE: This term is also applied to the frequency band concerned. frequency assignment: authorization given by a nations gover

33、nment for a station or an operator in that country to use a specific radio frequency channel under specified conditions Frequency Shift Keying (FSK): modulation where the data causes the frequency of the carrier to change from one frequency to another on discrete stages gain, dBd: antenna gain, expr

34、essed in decibels referenced to a half wave dipole gain, dBi: antenna gain, expressed in decibels referenced to a theoretical isotropic radiator gain, dBic: antenna gain, expressed in decibels referenced to a theoretical isotropic radiator that is circularly polarized Half Power Beam Width (HPBW): i

35、n an antenna, the angular sector in degrees of the radiated power pattern at the half-power (3 dB) point ETSI 7 ETSI TR 101 982 VI .2.1 (2002-07) Industrial Scientific and Medical bands (ISM): frequency bands in which non-radio RF emissions can be allocated NOTE: Generally also allowed for secondary

36、 radio services i.e. SRDs. isotropic radiator: hypothetical, loss less antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions; used as a zero-dB gain reference in pattern measurements or directivity calculations K, Ku, Ka Bands: frequency band between 18 GHz to 27 GHz, Ku 12 GHz to 18 GHz, Ka 27

37、 GHz to 40 GHz microwave: signal in the generic frequency range from above 1 GHz to an upper end of perhaps 30 GHz or 40 GHz This is the frequency range where coaxial cabled TEM mode signal propagation is viable. NOTE: narrowband: classification for the spectral width of a transmission system NOTE:

38、Generally considered if the fractional BW is below 1% of the carrier frequency. non-coherent detection: envelope receive process without phase coherency to the reference carrier but any subcarrier occupied bandwidth: bandwidth of an emission defiied for UWB or alike systems as 10 dB bandwidth of the

39、 power spectral density NOTE: 10 dB defiiition also according to FCC NPRM. peak power density: peak power density in 50 MHz bandwidth. polarization: in an antenna, the direction in which the electric field vector is aligned during the passage of at least one full cycle Power Spectral Density (dBm/Hz

40、) (PSD): Some limit specifications prefer a definition of PSD as a power in a certain measurement resolution bandwidth, e.g. -30 dBm in 1 MHz, which is equivalent -90 dBm/Hz. processing gain: ratio of the bandwidth of a spread spectrum signal to the bandwidth of the baseband signal Pseudo Noise (PN)

41、: digital signal with noise-like properties NOTE: Also a wideband modulation which imparts noise-like characteristics to an RF signal. PN Code: digital bit stream with noise-like characteristics Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS): pattern of digital data which has a random information content NOTE

42、: The ITU specifies a variety of sequences with different lengths identified by a PN number. Pulse Desensitization Correction Factor (PDCF): pulse desensitization correction factor is a technique used to determine the true pulse amplitude based on measurements taken from a spectrum analyser, which h

43、as less resolution bandwidth then the signal to be measured NOTE: The analysers impulse response is unable to transfer the input pulse shape into a similar narrow output shape but distort the shape magnitude (decrease) as well as the pulse duration (increase). A pulse desensitization correction fact

44、or was designed specifically for measuring the peak output level of pulsed radar transmissions. The PDCF is defined as 201og(B-signal/RBW-analyser) with respect to the peak fieldstrength (see HP application note 150-1 PDCF w.r.t. amplitude spectrum). Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the

45、pulse repetition interval (PRI), averaged over a time sufficiently long as to cover all PRI variations radiation pattern: graphical representation in either polar or rectangular coordinates of the spatial energy distributions of an antenna reflection: in an antenna, redirection of an impinging RF wa

46、ve from a conducting surface refraction: bending of an RF wave while passing through a non-uniform transmission medium relative gain: ratio of the intensity at any direction to the maximum intensity ETSI 8 ETSI TR 101 982 VI .2.1 (2002-07) resolution: degree to which a measurement can be determined

47、is called the resolution of the measurement NOTE: The smallest significant difference that can be measured with a given instrument. return loss: expressed in decibels, Return Loss is a measure of VSWR scattering: random redirection of RF energy from irregular conducting surfaces separation: capabili

48、ty to discriminate two different events (e.g. two frequencies in spectrum or two targets over range) side lobe: in an antenna, radiation lobe in any direction other than that of the major lobe synchronization: process of measuring the difference in time of two time scales such as the output signals

49、generated by two clocks NOTE: In the context of timing, synchronization means to bring two clocks or data streams into phase so that their difference is zero. time gating (also called duty factor): ratio of the pulse duration to the pulse period of a periodic train, IEEE Communications Society, Space Communication Committee. Transmission and Propagation Terms. uncertainty: limits of the confidence interval of a measured or calculated quantity NOTE: The probability of the confidence for limits should be specified, preferably as two standard deviations. ult