EN ISO 25177-2011 en Soil quality - Field soil description《土壤质量 野外土壤描述》.pdf

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1、BS EN ISO25177:2011ICS 13.080.01NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSoil quality Field soil descriptionNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 25177:2011. It is identical to ISO 25177:2008. It supersedes BS ISO 25177

2、:2008, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c

3、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 25177:2011This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2009 BSI 2011Amendments/c

4、orrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 September 2011 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 25177:2008 as BS EN ISO 25177:2011ISBN 978 0 580 73168 6EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 25177 June 2011 ICS 13.080.01 English Version Soil quality - Field soil description (IS

5、O 25177:2008) Qualit du sol - Description du sol sur le terrain (ISO 25177:2008) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bodenbeschreibung im Felde (ISO 25177:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 June 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the

6、 conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard

7、exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national

8、 standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

9、 and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO

10、 25177:2011: E3 Foreword The text of ISO 25177:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 25177:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretaria

11、t of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011. Attention is drawn t

12、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following c

13、ountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S

14、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 25177:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 25177:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 25177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E)iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative referenc

15、es . 1 3 General references . 1 3.1 Site/profile numbers . 1 3.2 Location . 1 3.3 Geographical coordinates . 2 3.4 Date of observation 2 3.5 Author and organization 2 4 Profile environment 2 4.1 Previous precipitation 2 4.2 Land use at plot level (checked by detailed field survey) 3 4.3 Type of cult

16、ivation or vegetation or human utilization (at the plot level) . 3 4.4 Geomorphology of the site 4 4.5 Slope length (in metres). 4 4.6 Slope value 4 4.7 Orientation (aspect) of the slope. 4 4.8 Nature of the parent material. 4 4.8.1 Modified or artificial material. 4 4.8.2 Natural material. 4 4.9 Pr

17、esence and depth of water table . 5 4.9.1 General. 5 4.9.2 Depth 5 4.9.3 Minimum depth of water table . 5 4.9.4 Maximum depth of water table 5 4.9.5 Nature of the water . 6 5 Surface appearance 6 5.1 Percentage of land surface occupied by rock outcrops or surface exposures of “non-natural” material

18、(e.g. on an industrial site) 6 5.2 Evidence of erosion 6 6 General designation Soil type 7 6.1 General. 7 6.2 Type of soil classification used. 7 6.3 Soil type with reference to the soil classification used 7 6.4 Type of horizon designation used 7 6.5 Sequence of horizons. 7 7 Horizon or layer descr

19、iption 8 7.1 General. 8 7.2 Horizon or layer number 8 7.3 Depth 8 7.4 Estimation of moisture status . 8 7.5 Colour of the horizon or layer matrix 9 7.6 Mottles . 9 7.6.1 General. 9 7.6.2 Abundance 9 7.6.3 Colour 10 7.7 Estimated organic matter content. 10 BS EN ISO 25177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E) BS

20、I 2011iv 7.8 Texture . 10 7.8.1 Description of texture diagram 10 7.8.2 Estimation 10 7.9 Coarse elements . 10 7.9.1 General . 10 7.9.2 Abundance (in percent volume fraction) 10 7.9.3 Maximum size of the most frequently observed coarse elements 11 7.9.4 Nature . 11 7.10 Carbonates and effervescence

21、11 7.10.1 Intensity of effervescence 11 7.10.2 Location of effervescence 12 7.11 Main categories of structure 12 7.12 Compactness. 13 7.13 Total estimated porosity. 13 7.14 Roots 14 7.14.1 Size (diameter) of most frequently observed roots. 14 7.14.2 Abundance. 14 7.15 Density of worm channels (usual

22、ly an average over a number of square decimetres) 14 7.16 Nature of lower horizon boundary 14 Annex A (informative) Charts for estimating proportions of mottles, coarse elements, etc 16 Annex B (informative) Reference soil groups of the World Reference Base for soil resources (FAO, ISRIC and ISSS, 2

23、006). 17 Annex C (informative) Soil horizon designation Example of the FAO System (2006) 23 Annex D (informative) Examples of texture diagrams 28 Annex E (informative) Determination of soil texture in the field 31 Annex F (informative) Some types of soil structure . 34 Bibliography . 35 BS EN ISO 25

24、177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E) BSI 2011vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member bod

25、y interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrote

26、chnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by

27、 the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig

28、hts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25177 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Evaluation of criteria, terminology and codification. This first edition of ISO 25177 cancels and replaces ISO 11259:1998,

29、which has been technically revised. BS EN ISO 25177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E) BSI 2011vi Introduction Traditionally, descriptions of soils and their environment were carried out as parts of soil survey and soil inventories, the purpose of which was to describe the pedogenetic context of the soil and

30、 assess applied aspects, principally agronomic potentials. Today, many soil observations are made as part of much wider environmental studies, and include analysis for objectives such as the following: the identification of human influences on the soils, particular attention being paid to the negati

31、ve effects of these influences (for example, pollution and physical deterioration); land protection within the context of “sustainable” agriculture; the prediction of the fate of contaminants introduced into the soil; the assessment of the consequences resulting from changes in the use of the soil;

32、setting up monitoring programmes for specific purposes (observation of changes of soil properties in time); the development of spatial data bases (used in the context of GIS) aimed at facilitating the geographical representation of these; many other uses. Therefore, this International Standard is ba

33、sed on aspects of the traditional approach to soil description for example, the Guidelines for soil description FAO ROME (2006). The descriptions of soils and sites alone are not sufficient. Field and laboratory measurements, whether physical, chemical or biological, must accompany this description.

34、 Care must be taken in the specification of sites and in the methods of sampling and the number of samples. It is therefore imperative that this International Standard be considered in the context of other International Standards developed within the framework of ISO/TC 190, Soil quality. BS EN ISO

35、25177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E) BSI 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD1Soil quality Field soil description 1 Scope This International Standard is a guide for describing the soil and its environmental context at a given site. Sites can be natural, near-natural, urban or industrial. It is important to realize

36、 that a number of soil samples can be taken at a site to support the soil description. The information provided by the descriptions in this International Standard provides the context for the presentation of results from analyses undertaken on soil samples. NOTE 1 It might not be possible or necessa

37、ry to record data under all the headings listed in these descriptions. NOTE 2 Overall guidance for presentation of information from soil surveys is given in ISO 15903. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc

38、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3166-1:2006, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1: Country codes ISO 3166-2:2007, Codes for the representation

39、 of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 2: Country subdivision code ISO 14688-2:2004, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soil Part 2: Principles for a classification 3 General references 3.1 Site/profile numbers Profile number Survey number or code

40、 3.2 Location Country Country codes according to ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2 shall be used. For historical research, designations according to ISO 3166-3 should be considered, when necessary. Administrative division To be adapted according to the country: (provinces, states, regions, departments, town

41、s, etc.), both uncoded and coded. EN ISO 25177:2011 (E)BS EN ISO 25177:2011 BSI 20112 3.3 Geographical coordinates Type of geographical reference system (degrees, Lambert, national reference grid) Position within the geographical reference system (longitude in deg/min/s, latitude in deg/min/s) Altit

42、ude (in metres) 3.4 Date of observation Year Month Day Time 3.5 Author and organization Authors name Accreditation Name of organization Department Address Telephone Fax number E-mail address 4 Profile environment 4.1 Previous precipitation 0 No precipitation within the last month 1 No precipitation

43、within the last week 2 No precipitation within the last three days 3 Rainy but no intense precipitation within the last three days 4 Moderate rain for several days or intense rainfall the day before the observation 5 Extreme precipitation or snow melt or inundation just before the observation 6 Not

44、recorded BS EN ISO 25177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E) BSI 201134.2 Land use at plot level (checked by detailed field survey) 01 Buildings and industrial infrastructures 02 Mining site (current or past) 03 Metal processing sites 04 Chemical processing sites 05 Oil and gas production sites 06 Metal manuf

45、acturing sites 07 Food processing sites 08 Waste disposal sites 09 Cultivated lands 10 Horticulture 11 Grazing 12 Orchards, fruit plantations or grapevines 13 Forest, woodlands 14 Mixed land use (agroforestry or agropastoral) 15 Gathering/hunting-fishing (exploitation of natural vegetation, hunting

46、or fishing) 16 Nature protection (for example, nature reserve, protected area, erosion control by terracing) 17 Wetland (for example, marsh, swamp, mangrove, etc.) 18 Snow or ice cover 19 Bare rock or rocky surface 20 Natural lands 21 Natural grasslands 22 Recreation land 23 Other type of unutilized

47、 and unmanaged site 4.3 Type of cultivation or vegetation or human utilization (at the plot level) Be as clear and precise as possible. For cultivated plants, it may be interesting to note the variety, when known. EXAMPLE Grazing (natural meadow, planted grassland); metal processing (ferrous, non-fe

48、rrous); mining site (iron, deep coal, open-cast coal); cultivated lands (maize, oats, rice); horticulture (flowers, vegetables). BS EN ISO 25177:2011EN ISO 25177:2011 (E) BSI 20114 4.4 Geomorphology of the site The position of the site in the landscape The geomorphology of the immediate surroundings

49、 of the site (scale: 0,1 km) 4.5 Slope length (in metres) When flat, note 0 (zero). 4.6 Slope value The average slope value is measured in the vicinity of the soil pit (flat = 0). Slope may be expressed in percent or degrees: slope value, in percent; slope value, in degrees. 4.7 Orientation (aspect) of the slope The orientation of the slope can be expressed in the following ways: a) N-S-E-W NE-SE-NW-SW with VV = variable and AA = flat; or b) use degrees with the following convention: 0 = north 90