EN ISO 14853-2017 en Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system - Method by measurement of biogas production.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Plastics Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system Method by measurement of biogas production (ISO 14853:2016)BS EN ISO 14853:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE

2、EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14853 December 2017 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system -Method by measurement of biogas production (ISO 14853:2016) Plastiques - valuation de la biodgradabilit anarobie ultim

3、e des matriaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Mthode par dtermination de la production de biogaz (ISO 14853:2016) Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollstndigen anaeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem wssrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Analyse der Biogasentwicklung (ISO 14853:2016)

4、This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical ref

5、erences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a C

6、EN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedon

7、ia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIO

8、N EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14853:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation

9、of EN ISO 14853:2017. It is identical to ISO 14853:2016. It supersedes BS ISO 14853:2016, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to it

10、s secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 97998 9ICS 83.080.01Compliance with a British Standard

11、cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected28 February 2018 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 14853:2016 as BS EN

12、ISO 14853:2017BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 14853:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 14853 December 2017 ICS 83.080.01 English Version Plastics - Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system -Method by measurement of biogas pr

13、oduction (ISO 14853:2016) Plastiques - valuation de la biodgradabilit anarobie ultime des matriaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Mthode par dtermination de la production de biogaz (ISO 14853:2016) Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollstndigen anaeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem

14、 wssrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Analyse der Biogasentwicklung (ISO 14853:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of

15、a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).

16、 A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cy

17、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

18、United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No.

19、 EN ISO 14853:2017 EBS EN ISO 14853:2017EN ISO 14853:2017 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 14853:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14853:2017 by Technical Committee C

20、EN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June

21、 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the

22、 following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherla

23、nds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14853:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14853:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14853:2017ISO 14853:2016(E)Foreword vIntroduc

24、tion vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 35 Reagents and materials . 36 Apparatus . 56.1 Laboratory equipment . 56.2 Apparatus for use when biogas is measured by a manometric method . 66.3 Apparatus for use when biogas is measured by a volumetric method . 67 P

25、rocedure. 67.1 General . 67.2 Digested sludge . 67.3 Preparation of the inoculum . 77.4 Preparation of test suspensions and controls 77.5 Incubation and gas measurement 87.6 Test duration . 97.7 Measurement of inorganic carbon . 97.8 Specific analyses 98 Calculation and expression of results . 98.1

26、Amount of carbon in headspace . 98.2 Calculation of amount of carbon in headspace when manometric measurement method is used . 108.3 Calculation of amount of carbon in headspace when volumetric measurement method is used . 118.4 Amount of inorganic carbon in the liquid . 118.5 Total amount of carbon

27、 converted to gas 118.6 Amount of carbon in test material 128.7 Calculation of percentage biodegradation . 129 Validity of results 129.1 Maintenance of anaerobic conditions 129.2 Inhibition of degradation 129.3 Validity of the test 1210 Test report 13Annex A (informative) Example of apparatus for de

28、termining the amount of biogas produced by measuring the increase in gas pressure 14Annex B (informative) Example of apparatus for determining volumetrically the amount of biogas produced .15Annex C (informative) Example of a biodegradation curve .17Annex D (informative) Examples of data sheets for

29、anaerobic biodegradability tests .18Annex E (informative) Table of water vapour pressures at various temperatures .21Annex F (informative) Calculation of theoretical carbon dioxide (ThCO2) and theoretical methane (ThCH4) production 22Annex G (informative) Example of determination of recovery rate 23

30、Annex H (informative) Example of a workflow scheme .26 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 14853:2017ISO 14853:2016(E)Bibliography .28iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14853:2017ISO 14853:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide

31、 federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that

32、committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this documen

33、t and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives,

34、 Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development o

35、f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific

36、terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61,

37、 Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical properties.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14853:2005), which has been technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 14853:2005/Cor.1:2009. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 14853:2017ISO

38、14853:2016(E)IntroductionWith the increasing use of plastics, their recovery and disposal have become a major issue. As a first priority, recovery should be promoted. For example, plastic litter, which originates mainly from consumers, is difficult to recover completely. Additional examples of mater

39、ials difficult to recover are found in the disposal of fishing tackle, agricultural mulch films and water-soluble polymers. These plastic materials tend to leak from closed waste management infrastructures into natural environments. Biodegradable plastics are now emerging as one of the available opt

40、ions to solve such environmental issues. Plastic materials, such as products or packaging, which are sent to anaerobic treatment facilities should be potentially biodegradable. Therefore, it is very important to determine the potential biodegradability of such materials and to obtain a quantitative

41、measure of their biodegradability in anaerobic environments.vi ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14853:2017Plastics Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system Method by measurement of biogas productionWARNING Sewage and activated sludge may c

42、ontain potentially pathogenic organisms. Therefore, appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Digesting sewage sludge produces flammable gases which present fire and explosion risks. Care should be taken when transporting and storing quantities of digesting sludge. Toxic test chemi

43、cals and those whose properties are not known should be handled with care and in accordance with safety instructions. The pressure meter and microsyringes should be handled carefully to avoid needle stick injuries. Contaminated syringe needles should be disposed of in a safe manner.1 ScopeThis Inter

44、national Standard specifies a method for the determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradability of plastics by anaerobic microorganisms. The conditions described in this International Standard do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to o

45、ccur. The test calls for exposure of the test material to sludge for a period of up to 90 d, which is longer than the normal sludge retention time (25 to 30 d) in anaerobic digesters, although digesters at industrial sites can have much longer retention times.The method applies to the following mate

46、rials: natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof; plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds; water-soluble polymers; materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhib

47、itory effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see e.g. ISO 13641). If the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed inoculum can be used.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative refer

48、ences in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1ultimate anaerobic biodegradationbreakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, water and mineral salts of any other

49、elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass3.2primary anaerobic biodegradationstructural change (transformation) of a chemical compound by microorganisms, resulting in the loss of a specific propertyINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14853:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 14853:2017ISO 14853:2016(E)3.3digested sludgemixture of settled sewage and activated sludge which have been incubated in an anaerobic digester at about 35 C to reduce the biomass and odour and to improve the dewaterability of the sludgeNote 1