EN 60045-1-1993 en Steam Turbines Part 1 Specifications《汽轮机 第1部分 规范(IEC 45-1-1991)》.pdf

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1、3404583 0062403 2Tl W EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60045-1 February 1993 UDC 621.165 Descriptors: Turbogenerator, turbine, steam under pressure, generator, specification, operating characteristic English version Steam turbines Part 1 : Specifications (IEC 45-1 1991) Turbines

2、vapeur Partie 1 : Spcifications (CEI45-1 : 1991) Dampf turbinen %il 1 : Anforderungen (IEC 45-1 : 1991) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1992-12-09. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European S

3、tandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,

4、French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgi

5、um, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Ele

6、ktrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels O 1993 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 60045-1 : 1993 E 3404583 O062404 138 - Page 2 EN 60045-1 : 1993 Foreword The CENELEC questionnaire procedure, performed for finding out whether or not the Internat

7、ional Standard IEC 45-1 : 1991 could be accepted without textual changes, has shown that no common modifications were necessary for the acceptance as European Standard. The reference document was submitted to the CENELEC members for formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60045-1 on 9 December

8、 1992. The following dates were fixed: - latest date of publication of an identical national standard (dop) 1993-12-01 - latest date of withdrawal of conflicting national standards (dow) 1993-12-01 For products which have complied with the relevant national standard before 1993- 12-01, as shown by t

9、he manufacturer or by a certification body, this previous standard may continue to apply for production until 1998-12-01. Annexes designated normative are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, annexes A and ZA are normative. 3404583 0062405 074 Page 3 EN 60045-1 : 1993 CONTENTS INTRODU

10、CTION . ClauSe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 scope and object Nomiative references . . Terms and definitions Guarantees . Governing (control) .: Operabion and maintenance . Components FoundauonS and buildings Feed PUmp ddWS i Turbine auxiliary systems Instrumentation . Protection .

11、 vibration . Noise . . - Tests . DeHveIy and installaam . . Design information to be supplied by the purchaser . Design information to be provided by the supplier . Turbine plant with regenerative feed water heating . I Annex A . Electronic WV- IS Annex ZA (normative) Other international publication

12、s quoted in this standard with the references of the relevant European publications . pase 4 5 5 5 13 14 16 20 22 23 24 , 27 28 32 33 33 34 34 38 39 41 45 _ 3404583 00b240b TOO Page 4 EN 600451 : 1993 INTRODUCTION The first edition of IEC 45 was issued in 1931. Subsequent revisions were made, the la

13、st being in 1970. Since then, intensive development has resulted in the availability of more highly-rated turbines. The development of turbines suitable for use with water-cooled nuclear reactors has pro- ceeded in parallel, resulting in the production of large turbines for use with steam which is i

14、nitially dry-saturated or slightly wet. The demands made upon turbine control systems have increased simultaneously with the development of new control technologies, such as electro-hydraulic systems. Increased reliability, higher standards of dynamic performance, suitability for two-shift operation

15、, and increased attention to health and safety are among the aspects now requiring high standards of achievement. It has therefore become necessary to specify a turbine in more detail than was formerly needed. In consequence, this part of iEC 45 has been completely rewritten, and is accor- dingly mo

16、re comprehensive than earlier editions. Wherever practicable, this part of IEC 45 takes into account the scope for applying to smaller turbines developments origlnally intended for larger machines, without Implying that such applications would always be necessary or advantageous. Page 5 EN 60045-1 :

17、 1993 STEAM TURBINES Part 1 : Specifications 1 Scope and object This patt of International Standard IEC 45 is applicable primarily to steam turbines driving generators for electrical power services. Some of its provisions are relevant to turbines for other applications. The purpose of this part is t

18、o make an intending purchaser aware of options and altema- tives which he may wish to consider, and to enable him to state his technical requirements clearly to potential suppliers. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute pr

19、ovisions of this part. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part are encou- raged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of

20、IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid Inter- national Standards. IEC 651 : 1979, Sound level meters. IEC 953-1 : 1990, Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests - Part 7: Method A. IEC 953-2: 1990, Rules for steam turbine thermal acceptance tests - Part 2: Method 5. IS0 2372: 1974

21、, Mechanical vibration of machines with operating speeds from 10 to 200 revk Basis for speclfylng evaluation standards. IS0 791 9-1 : 1986, Mechanical vibration of non-reciprocating machines - Measurements on rotating shafts and evaluation - Part : General guidelines. 3 Terms and definitions For the

22、 purposes of this part, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 Turbine type superheat turbine: A turbine whose initial steam is significantly superheated. wet-steam turbine: A turbine whose initial steam is saturated or nearly so. (Also referred to as saturated-steam turbine.) reheat turblne

23、: A turbine from which the steam is extracted part-way through the expansion, reheated (one or more times) and readmitted to the turbine. Page 6 EN 60045-1 : 1993 non-reheat turblne: A turbine in which the steam is not reheated. mixed-pressure turblne: A turbine provided with separate inlets for ste

24、am supplied at two or more pressures. back-pressure turbine: A turbine whose exhaust heat will be used to provide process heat, and whose exhaust is not directly connected to a condenser. The exhaust pressure will normally be above atmospheric pressure. (Also referred to as a non-condensing turbine.

25、) condensing turblne: A turbine whose exhaust is directly connected to a condenser. The exhaust pressure will normally be below atmospheric pressure. regenerativscycle turblne: A turbine from which some of the steam is extracted part-way through the expansion in order to heat feed water. extraction

26、turblne: A turbine in which some of the steam is extracted part-way through the expansion in order to provide process steam. If the turbine includes means for controlling the pressure of the extracted steam, it Is called a controlled (or automatic) extraction turbine. combined cycle: A combination o

27、f boiler, steam turbine and gas turbine, in which the gas turbine exhaust normally contributes to the heat input to the steam cycle. single-line combined-cycle: A combined-cycle plant in which the steam turbine and gas turbine both drive the same generator. It is not possible to segregate the separa

28、te outputs of the steam turbine and the gas turbine; and definitions, such as those of heat rate or output given later in this standard, no longer apply. NOTE - The terms in 5.1 may be combined to define the features of any particular unR. 3:2 Methods of initial steam admission full-arc: All of the

29、governing (control) valves supply steam uniformly to the admission inlet belt of the first stage. partial-arc: The inlet belt to the first stage is divided into discrete arcs of admission, steam being supplied separately to each arc through, normally, one governing valve; governing valves operate wh

30、olly or partially in sequence. 3.3 Conditions terminal conditions: The terminal conditions for a steam turbine or turbine-generator are the conditions imposed on the plant at their terminating points of the contract. These may typically comprise: - - cold reheat pressure; - final feed water temperat

31、ure; - poweroutput; - speed; - extraction requirements. initiai and hot reheat steam conditions; - exhaust PressUre; 3404583 0062409 71T H Page 7 EN 60045-1 : 1993 specified or rated terminai conditions: The conditions at the terminating points of the turbine or turbine-generator contract, with whic

32、h specified output and/or heat rate shall be stated and/or guaranteed. Note that some nuclear steam generators supply steam at a pressure which increases as load reduces, and the turbine design must allow for this. steam conditions: The conditions which define the thermodynamic state of steam, norma

33、lly (static) pressure and temperature or dryness fraction (or quality). Steam pressure shouid always be quoted in absolute units, not as gauge pressure. initiai steam conditions: The steam conditions at inlet to the main stop valves. maximum steam conditions: The highest steam conditions at which th

34、e turbine is requi- red to operate continuously. NOTE - The highest steam condition8 should not exceed those permitted by 6.2 a) and 6.2 b). inductlon steam conditions: The steam conditions of any additional steam entering the turbine at any pressure lower than the initiai pressure. dual steam condi

35、tions: The combination of initial and induction steam conditions appro- priate to a mixed-pressure turbine. reheat steam conditions: The steam conditions at the inlet to the reheat stop valves. (Also referred to as hot reheat steam conditions.) cold reheat steam conditions: The steam conditions at t

36、he outlet of the turbine pre- ceding the reheater. extraction steam condlt ions: The steam conditions at the extraction connections of the turbine, of steam extracted for feed-heating or process purposes. exhaust conditions: The steam conditions at the exhaust connection from the turbine. NOTE - Use

37、 of the word -design in respect of any steam conditiona, power output. speed, etc., should be avoided in the contract document8. This terminology shouid only be applied to the values used in design calculations such as the design pressure for a pressure vessel. 3.4 Speeds rated speed: The speed at w

38、hich the turbine is specified to operate at Its rated output. maximum continuous speed: The upper limit of the operating speed of the turbine for continuous service. overspeed trip setting: The speed at which the overspeed trip is set to operate. m 3404583 00b2410 431 m Page 8 EN 60045-1 : 1993 temp

39、orary speed rise: The transient increase in turbine speed following a load rejection, with the speed governing system in operation. The rated temporary speed rise applies if the rated output is rejected at the rated speed. maxlmum transient speed: Maximum rotational speed following rejection of maxi

40、mum capability by disconnecting the generator from the electric system (with auxiliary supplies previously disconnected) and the speed governing (control) system in operation. permanent speed rls: The final steady-state increase in turbin8 Speed following a load rejection, with normal governor contr

41、ol. maximum speed rlse: The transient increase in turbine speed following a load rejection, with the speed governing system inoperative and the overspeed trip operative. The rated maximum speed rise applies if the rated output is rejected at rated speed. 3.5 Powers NOTE - All these powers or output8

42、 refer to operation of the turbine at rated terminal ConditiOnS (except where stated othemi60). power: The power supplied by the turbine or its driven machine. The definition should state the position of measurement and any deductions for losses or auxiliary power. (Also referred to as output or loa

43、d.) net power at coupllng: The power at the turbine coupling, less the power supplied to turbine auxiliaries if driven separately. generator output: Power at the generator terminals, after the deduction of any external excitation power. msxlmum continuous ratlng (MCR) (electrical generating. set): T

44、he power output assigned to the turbine-generator by the supplier, at which the unit may be operated for an unlimited time, not exceeding the specified life, at the specified terminal conditions. This is the rating which will normally carry a guarantee of heat rate. The governing (control) valves wi

45、ll not necessarily be fully open. (Also referred to as rated output, rated power, or rated load.) maxlmum continuous ratlng (MCR) (other than electrical generator drives): The power output assigned to the turbine by the supplier, at which the unit may be operated for an unlimited time, not exceeding

46、 the specified life, at the specified terminal conditions. This is the rating which will normally carry a guarantee of heat rate. The governing (control) valves will not necessarily be fully open. The power shall be that delivered at the turbine coupling, or the coupling of the driven machine, as ma

47、y be agreed. (Also referred to as rated output, rated power, or rated load.) maxlmum capabllity: The power output that the turbine can produce with the governing (control) valves fully open and at the Specified terminal conditions. (Also referred to as valves-wide-open capability.) maximum overload

48、capability: The maximum power output that the unit can produce with the governing (control) valves fully open, and with the terminal conditions specified for over- load, e.g. with final feed water heater bypassed, or with increased initial steam pressure. = 3404583 O062411 378 H Page 9 EN 60045-1 :

49、1993 most economical continuous rating (ECR): The output at which the minimum heat rate or steam rate is achieved at the specified terminal conditions. net electrical power: The generator output (with external excitation power deducted) minus the electrical auxiliary power. electrical auxiliary power: Power taken by turbine and generator auxiliaries not driven by the turbine. This will normally include all power used for control, lubrication, generator cooling and sealing. It may also include additional auxiliarles such as motor-driven boiler feed pumps. The purchas