EN 16913-2017 en Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO SO Cl NH Na K Mg Ca in PM2 5 as deposited on filters.pdf

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1、Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca in PM2,5 as deposited on filtersBS EN 16913:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16913 June 2017 ICS 13.040.20 English V

2、ersion Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca in PM2,5 as deposited on filters Air ambiant - Mthode normalise pour le mesurage de NO, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca dans la fraction PM2,5 telle que dpose sur des filtres Auenluft - Messverfahren zur Bestimmung von N

3、O, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca in PM2,5 nach Abscheidung auf Filtern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national stand

4、ard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in an

5、y other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Repu

6、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

7、EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16913:2017 E

8、 National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16913:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publicatio

9、n does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 88243 2ICS 13.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

10、 legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 16913:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16913 June

11、2017 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air - Standard method for measurement of NO, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca in PM2,5 as deposited on filters Air ambiant - Mthode normalise pour le mesurage de NO, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca dans la fraction PM2,5 telle que dpose sur des filtres Auenluft - Messve

12、rfahren zur Bestimmung von NO, SO, Cl, NH, Na, K, Mg, Ca in PM2,5 nach Abscheidung auf Filtern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard th

13、e status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Fren

14、ch, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

15、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

16、 Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membe

17、rs. Ref. No. EN 16913:2017 E BS EN 16913:2017EN 16913:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7 5 Principle . 8 6 Equipment . 8 7 Sampling . 9 8 Transport and storage 10 9 Analysis 10 1

18、0 Calculation of results 12 11 Quality control 14 12 Measurement uncertainty 17 13 Artefacts and interferences 18 14 Data recording . 19 Annex A (informative) Statistical analysis of anion and cation concentrations collected on filters from field validation exercise . 20 A.1 General . 20 A.2 Analysi

19、s methodology 20 A.2.1 General . 20 A.2.2 Calculating between- and within-laboratory variability . 20 A.2.2.1 Notation . 20 A.2.2.2 Data processing . 21 A.2.2.3 Outlier rejection . 21 A.2.2.4 Data normalization 22 A.2.2.5 Analysis of variance . 22 A.2.2.6 Calculation of standard deviations 23 A.2.3

20、Calculating between-sampler variability 23 A.2.3.1 Notation . 23 A.2.3.2 Data processing . 24 A.2.4 Combined standard uncertainty . 25 A.3 Remarks . 25 BS EN 16913:2017EN 16913:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .

21、7 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7 5 Principle . 8 6 Equipment . 8 7 Sampling . 9 8 Transport and storage 10 9 Analysis 10 10 Calculation of results 12 11 Quality control 14 12 Measurement uncertainty 17 13 Artefacts and interferences 18 14 Data recording . 19 Annex A (informative) Statistical analys

22、is of anion and cation concentrations collected on filters from field validation exercise . 20 A.1 General . 20 A.2 Analysis methodology 20 A.2.1 General . 20 A.2.2 Calculating between- and within-laboratory variability . 20 A.2.2.1 Notation . 20 A.2.2.2 Data processing . 21 A.2.2.3 Outlier rejectio

23、n . 21 A.2.2.4 Data normalization 22 A.2.2.5 Analysis of variance . 22 A.2.2.6 Calculation of standard deviations 23 A.2.3 Calculating between-sampler variability 23 A.2.3.1 Notation . 23 A.2.3.2 Data processing . 24 A.2.4 Combined standard uncertainty . 25 A.3 Remarks . 25 EN 16913:2017 (E) 3 A.4 R

24、esults 25 A.4.1 Data set 1 Between laboratory and internal laboratory variability . 25 A.4.2 Data set 2 Between sampler variability 26 A.4.3 Data set 3 Uncertainty over the measured concentration range . 27 A.4.4 Detection limit . 31 A.4.5 Field Blanks 31 Annex B (informative) Uncertainty budget 33

25、Annex C (informative) Reagents . 36 C.1 General . 36 C.2 Anion determination by ion chromatography . 36 C.3 Cation determination by ion chromatography 37 C.4 Cation determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) 38 C.5 Ammonium determination by photometry . 39 An

26、nex D (informative) Other analysis methods used in the validation programme 41 D.1 Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer system (ICP-OES). 41 D.2 Conductometry 41 D.3 Photometry . 42 D.3.1 Equipment . 42 D.3.2 Preparation of calibration curve. 42 D.3.3 Analytical procedure . 42 An

27、nex E (informative) Preparation of stock standard solution 43 Annex F (informative) Sampling artefacts 44 F.1 General . 44 F.2 Ammonium nitrate . 44 F.3 Chloride 45 Bibliography . 46 BS EN 16913:2017EN 16913:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16913:2017) has been prepared by Technical Co

28、mmittee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at t

29、he latest by December 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to C

30、EN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar

31、k, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16

32、913:2017EN 16913:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 16913:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text

33、or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsi

34、ble for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are b

35、ound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portu

36、gal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. EN 16913:2017 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard describes how to measure a specified range of anions and cations in PM2,5as deposited on filters. The EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC 1 on

37、ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe requests the measurements of concentrations of NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NH4+,Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+in PM2,5at rural background locations. In Annex IV of the Directive, guidance for these measurements is given. Measurements of anions and cations in PM are being pe

38、rformed by the EMEP programme, mainly by using a filterpack with limited particle size selectivity. The cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) was launched in 1977 as a response to the growing concern over the effects on the

39、environment caused by acid deposition. EMEP was organized under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Today EMEP is an integral component of the cooperation under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Directive 2008/50/EC requires that measure

40、ments at rural sites, where appropriate, are coordinated with the monitoring strategy and measurement programme of EMEP. Although, there are different sampling procedures involved, a common approach is used for the analytical procedure. In order to keep the agreement between existing EMEP data and d

41、ata to be produced using this European Standard as close as possible, the EMEP protocol has been taken as starting point for this European Standard. This European Standard differs from the EMEP protocol in the sense that measurement of anions and cations are done in PM2,5, and that a number of criti

42、cal parameters (e.g. choice of filter material) are fixed. Additional attention is given to harmonizing these critical parameters with elemental carbon/organic carbon (EC/OC) measurements and with PM2,5measurements as well, as sampling is usually done simultaneously. BS EN 16913:2017EN 16913:2017 (E

43、) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of water soluble NO3-(nitrate), SO42-(sulphate), Cl-(chloride), NH4+(ammonium), Na+(sodium), K+(potassium), Mg2+(magnesium), Ca2+(calcium) in PM2,5as deposited on filters. This European Standard des

44、cribes the analytical procedures for determining anions and cations as part of the PM2,5particulate phase, sample extraction and analysis of anions and cations by ion chromatography. Sampling onto filters will be done in accordance with EN 12341 for PM2,5. NOTE 1 Alternatively, cations, excluding am

45、monium, can be analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ammonium can also be analysed by photometry or conductometry. This European Standard can be used for the measurements of anions and cations as required by Directive 2008/50/EC. The method does not take int

46、o account the possible losses during sampling due to evaporation. NOTE 2 NO3-, Cl-, NH4+are part of the volatile fraction of PM2,5, and the concentrations determined using this standard can be used as minimum values for the concentrations of these ions in PM2,5. NO3-, NH4+, Cl-are usually up to 30 %

47、 underestimated due to evaporational losses from the filter during sampling. This European Standard may be used at rural and urban background sites and road sites that are in accordance with the siting criteria of Directive 2008/50/EC. This European Standard is applicable to the measurement of anion

48、/cations in PM2,5samples corresponding to PM2,5mass concentrations between approximately 1 g/m3(i.e. the limit of detection of the standard measurement method (EN 12341) expressed as its uncertainty) up to 120 g/m3. The validated range of the anion and cation concentrations based on the field valida

49、tion measurements is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Validated range of anions and cations Component Minimum g/m3Maximum g/m3Cl-0,001 1,4 NO3-0,002 29 SO42-0,05 13 Na+0,003 1,9 NH4+0,04 11 K+0,003 0,49 Mg2+0,001 0,38 Ca2+0,002 0,72 See Annex A for the statistical analysis of the field validation measurements. BS EN 16913:2017EN 16913:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the mass concentration of water