EN 378-4-2016 en Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 4 Operation maintenance repair and recovery《制冷系统和热泵-安全和环境要求-第4部分 操作 维护 修理和恢复》.pdf

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1、BS EN 378-4:2016Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirementsPart 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and r e c o v e r yBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 378-4:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard

2、 is the UK implementation of EN 378-4:2016.It supersedes BS EN 378-4:2008+A1:2012 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/18, Refrigeration safety.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secre

3、tary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84663 2 ICS 27.080; 27.200 Compliance with a British Standard

4、cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2016.Amendments.corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 378-4:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPIS

5、CHE NORM EN 378-4 November 2016 ICS 27.080; 27.200 Supersedes EN 378-4:2008+A1:2012English Version Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery Systmes frigorifiques et pompes chaleur - Exigences de scurit et denvi

6、ronnement - Partie 4: Fonctionnement, maintenance, rparation et rcupration Klteanlagen und Wrmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnische und umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil 4: Betrieb, Instandhaltung, Instandsetzung und Rckgewinnung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 September 2016. CEN membe

7、rs are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicatio

8、n to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manageme

9、nt Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, L

10、ithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17

11、, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 378-4:2016 EBS EN 378-4:2016EN 378-4:2016 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 6

12、4 General requirements . 6 4.1 Operating instructions 6 4.2 Documentation . 6 5 Maintenance and repair 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Maintenance 7 5.3 Repair 8 5.4 Change of refrigerant type . 9 5.4.1 General 9 5.4.2 Planning the change of refrigerant type . 9 5.4.3 Execution of the change of refrigerant type

13、 . 10 6 Requirements for recovery, reuse and disposal . 10 6.1 General requirements 10 6.1.1 Disposal . 10 6.1.2 Personnel 10 6.1.3 Parts of refrigerating systems . 11 6.1.4 Refrigerants . 11 6.1.5 Handling 11 6.2 Requirements for recovery and reuse of refrigerant 11 6.2.1 General . 11 6.2.2 Recover

14、y for general reuse . 12 6.2.3 Recovery for reuse in the same or similar system . 12 6.2.4 Requirements for refrigerant recovery and recycling equipment and procedures 14 6.2.5 Reclaim 14 6.3 Requirements for refrigerant transfer, transport and storage . 14 6.3.1 General . 14 6.3.2 Refrigerant trans

15、fer 14 6.3.3 Transport 15 6.3.4 Storage . 15 6.4 Requirements for recovery equipment 15 6.4.1 General . 15 6.4.2 Operation with respect to the environment . 16 6.4.3 Performance 16 6.4.4 Operation and maintenance . 16 6.5 Requirements for disposal . 16 6.5.1 Refrigerant not intended for reuse 16 6.5

16、.2 Absorbed R-717 (ammonia) . 16 6.5.3 Refrigerating machine oil . 16 6.5.4 Other components . 16 6.6 Requirements for documentation 16 BS EN 378-4:2016EN 378-4:2016 3 Annex A (normative) Draining the oil from a refrigerating system 17 A.1 General . 17 A.2 Ammonia systems . 17 A.2.1 General . 17 A.2

17、.2 Draining procedure . 17 Annex B (informative) Guide specification for recycled refrigerant 18 Annex C (informative) Handling and storage of refrigerants 19 C.1 General . 19 C.2 Handling . 19 C.3 Storage 20 C.4 Special provisions for handling ammonia vapour during maintenance or decommissioning 20

18、 C.4.1 General . 20 C.4.2 Limitations of ammonia vapour absorption . 21 C.4.3 Procedure for ammonia vapour absorption . 21 C.4.4 Disposal of the aqua-ammonia solution . 22 Annex D (informative) In-service inspection 23 D.1 During the operational life of the system, inspection and testing are carried

19、 out according to national regulations. 23 Annex E (informative) Guidelines for repairs of equipment using flammable refrigerants 25 E.1 General requirements for equipment . 25 E.2 Repairs to electrical components . 25 E.2.1 Repairs to electrical components . 25 E.2.2 Repairs to sealed components .

20、25 E.2.3 Repairs to intrinsically safe components. 26 E.3 Repairs to refrigerating system. 26 E.4 Requirements for the competent persons . 27 Bibliography . 28 BS EN 378-4:2016EN 378-4:2016 4 European foreword This document (EN 378-4:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 182 “Refrige

21、rating systems, safety and environmental requirements”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall

22、be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 378-4:2008+A1:2012

23、. EN 378 consists of the following parts under the general title “Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements”: Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria; Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation; Part 3: Ins

24、tallation site and personal protection; Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery. The main changes in part 4 with respect to the previous edition are listed below: harmonisation as far as possible with ISO 5149:2014; addition of vacuum procedure in 5.3.8; addition of moisture test in 6.2.

25、3. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,

26、Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 378-4:2016EN 378-4:2016 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the require

27、ments for the safety of persons and property, provides guidance for the protection of the environment and establishes procedures for the operation, maintenance and repair of refrigerating systems and the recovery of refrigerants. The term “refrigerating system” used in this European Standard include

28、s heat pumps. This standard applies: a) to refrigerating systems, stationary or mobile, of all sizes including heat pumps; b) to secondary cooling or heating systems; c) to the location of the refrigerating systems; d) to parts replaced and components added after adoption of this standard if they ar

29、e not identical in function and capacity. This standard does not cover “motor vehicle air conditioners” constructed according to product standards such as ISO 13043. Systems using refrigerants other than those listed in EN 378-1:2016, Annex E are not covered by this standard unless they have been as

30、signed to a safety class according to ISO 817. This standard does not apply to goods in storage. This standard is not applicable to refrigeration systems and heat pumps which were manufactured before the date of its publication as a European Standard except for extensions and modifications to the sy

31、stem which were implemented after publication. This standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems, extensions or modifications of already existing systems, and for existing stationary systems, being transferred to and operated on another site. This standard also applies in the case of the conv

32、ersion of a system to another refrigerant type, in which case conformity to the relevant clauses of parts 1 to 4 of the standard shall be assessed. This Part 4 of the European Standard specifies requirements for safety and environmental aspects in relation to operation, maintenance, and repair of re

33、frigerating systems and the recovery, reuse and disposal of all types of refrigerant, refrigerant oil, heat-transfer fluid, refrigerating system and part thereof. These requirements are intended to minimise risks of injury to persons and damage to property and the environment resulting from improper

34、 handling of the refrigerants or from contaminants leading to system breakdown and resultant emission of the refrigerant. Subclauses 4, 5.1.1 to 5.1.4, 5.2, 5.3.1, 5.3.3 and 6.6 of this European Standard are not applicable to unitary systems having a power cord, being factory sealed, and in conforma

35、nce with EN 60335 series. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc

36、ument (including any amendments) applies. EN 378-1:2016, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements, definitions, classification and selection criteria EN 378-2:2016, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requiremen

37、ts Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation BS EN 378-4:2016EN 378-4:2016 6 EN 378-3, Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements - Part 3: Installation site and personal protection ISO 11650, Performance of refrigerant recovery and/or recycling

38、 equipment ISO 13043, Road vehicles Refrigerant systems used in mobile air conditioning systems (MAC) Safety requirements IEC 60335-2-104, Household and similar electrical appliances Safety Part 2-104: Particular requirements for appliances to recover and/or recycle refrigerant from air conditioning

39、 and refrigeration equipment 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in EN 378-1:2016 apply. 4 General requirements 4.1 Operating instructions 4.1.1 Before a new refrigerating system is put into service, the per

40、son responsible for placing the system in operation shall ensure that the operating personnel are instructed according to 4.1.2. NOTE It is advisable that the operating personnel are present during evacuation, charging with refrigerant and adjustment of the refrigerating system as well as, if possib

41、le, during assembly on site. 4.1.2 Care shall be taken to ensure that the personnel charged with the operation, supervision and maintenance of the refrigerating system are adequately instructed and competent with respect to their tasks, as well as the safety measures to be observed, and the properti

42、es and handling of the refrigerant used. Typical in-service inspection requirements are shown in Annex D. 4.2 Documentation The logbook shall be updated following any maintenance or repair. The logbook shall either be kept in the machinery room, or the data shall be stored digitally by the operator

43、with a printout in the machinery room, in which case the information shall be accessible to the competent person when servicing or testing. 5 Maintenance and repair 5.1 General 5.1.1 Each refrigerating system shall be subjected to preventive maintenance in accordance with the instruction manual (see

44、 EN 378-2). NOTE The frequency of such maintenance depends on the type, size, age, use, etc. of the system. In many cases more than one maintenance service is required in the course of one year in accordance with legal requirements. 5.1.2 The operator of the refrigerating system shall ensure that th

45、e system is inspected, regularly supervised and maintained. BS EN 378-4:2016EN 378-4:2016 7 5.1.3 Systems should be subject to tightness inspection in accordance with Annex D by a competent person. If, during the inspection the suspicion of a leak exists, e.g. through refrigerant temperature checks

46、or capacity reduction, then the leak shall be located with suitable detection equipment and shall be repaired and checked again after the repair in accordance with national regulations. The results of the inspection and measures taken afterwards shall be included in the logbook. Refer to Annex D for

47、 detailed specification regarding in service inspection. 5.1.4 The operator of the refrigerating system shall also be responsible when another person uses the refrigerating system, unless another division of responsibility has been agreed upon. 5.1.5 Regular maintenance which does not include work o

48、n, nor adjustment of, the refrigerating system and which requires no specialized knowledge of refrigeration engineering shall be carried out by a person of appropriate competence. 5.1.6 In the case of refrigerating systems located within a ventilated enclosure and considered as indirect systems unde

49、r EN 378-1, only authorized persons shall be permitted in the space surrounding the enclosure during maintenance and repair operations because the separation between refrigerant containing parts and occupants of the room is no longer effective and leaks of refrigerant into the surrounding space become possible. 5.1.7 Any markings to the compressor or equipment shall be refreshed if any of the existing text has become illegible. 5.1.8 The mixing of different refrigerants within a system shall not be permitted under any circumstances. Ch