EN 1561-2011 en Founding - Grey cast irons《铸造灰口铸铁》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1561:2011Founding Grey cast ironsBS EN 1561:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1561:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 1561:19

2、97 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovis

3、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 70175 7ICS 77.080.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31

4、 October 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1561:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1561 October 2011 ICS 77.080.10 Supersedes EN 1561:1997English Version Founding - Grey cast irons Fonderie - Fontes graphite lamellaire Gieereiwesen - Gusseisen mit

5、Lamellengraphit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b

6、ibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the res

7、ponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,

8、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Mana

9、gement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1561:2011: EBS EN 1561:2011EN 1561:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and

10、 definitions .54 Designation 65 Order information 66 Manufacture 77 Requirements .77.1 Characterizing properties .77.2 Tensile properties 77.3 Hardness properties 87.4 Graphite structure98 Sampling .98.1 General 98.2 Samples for tensile test . 108.3 Samples for hardness test . 159 Test methods . 159

11、.1 Tensile test 159.2 Brinell hardness test 169.3 Graphite structure. 169.4 Alternative test procedures . 1710 Retests . 1710.1 Need for retests. 1710.2 Test validity . 1710.3 Nonconforming test results . 1710.4 Heat treatment of samples and castings 1711 Inspection documentation . 18Annex A (inform

12、ative) Additional information on mechanical and physical properties . 19Annex B (informative) Comparison of grey cast iron material designations according to EN 1560 and ISO/TR 15931 13 21Annex C (informative) Additional information on the relationship between hardness and tensile strength 22Annex D

13、 (informative) Guidance values for tensile strength for test pieces machined from samples cut from a casting . 24Annex E (informative) Additional information on the relationship between tensile strength, hardness and wall thickness of grey iron castings 25Annex F (informative) Wedge penetration test

14、 28Annex G (informative) Significant technical changes between this European standard and the previous edition 31Bibliography . 32BS EN 1561:2011EN 1561:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1561:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry technology”, the secretariat of which

15、 is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibilit

16、y that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1561:1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/W

17、G 5 “Grey cast iron and compacted graphite cast iron“ to revise EN 1561:1997. Annex G provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following co

18、untries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl

19、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1561:2011EN 1561:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard deals with the classification of grey cast irons, subdivided into two groups, specified by their tensile strength or hardness, respectively. The properties of grey cast ir

20、on depend on the form and distribution of the graphite and the structure of the matrix. In the previous edition of EN 1561, the designation by symbol was based on the minimum tensile strength to be obtained in the separately cast sample with 30 mm diameter. In Table 1 of this previous edition, the c

21、orresponding mandatory minimum tensile strength values, which should be obtained for relevant wall thicknesses up to 300 mm, in a cast-on sample were given. For castings which have been designed before the date of issue of this standard, it is furthermore possible to determine the tensile strength o

22、f the specified grey cast iron grade by using separately cast samples with a diameter of 30 mm, irrespective of the relevant wall thickness. In this case, the mandatory minimum values for the tensile strength, as specified in the previous edition (EN 1561:1997) of this standard, are given in Annex A

23、, Table A.1 (bold figure in the material designation). In this edition of EN 1561, the designation by symbol is based on the minimum tensile strength to be obtained in a cast sample, which diameter corresponds to the relevant wall thickness of the casting. This applies to a maximum relevant wall thi

24、ckness of 50 mm. Compared with the previous edition of this standard, for relevant wall thicknesses from 50 mm to 200 mm, the relationship with the 30 mm separately cast sample has been abandoned and instead of that, cast-on samples with a size corresponding to the relevant wall thickness ranges are

25、 specified. Additionally the minimum tensile properties to be obtained in these cast-on samples, are increased. In this standard a new designation system by number, as established in EN 1560 1, is given. NOTE This designation system by number is based on the structure and rules of EN 10027-2 2 and s

26、o corresponds with the European numbering system for steel and other materials. The mechanical properties of the material can be evaluated on machined test pieces prepared from: separately cast samples; side by side cast samples; cast-on samples; samples cut from a casting. Hardness of the material

27、can also be evaluated on the casting. However, for many applications tensile strength or hardness are not the only interesting or determining properties. Other mechanical or physical properties can be decisive for the use of grey cast irons, for example: thermal capacity, thermal diffusivity, dampin

28、g capacity or thermo-cycle fatigue. Therefore, Annex A (informative) provides additional information of interest to casting designers. BS EN 1561:2011EN 1561:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast irons used for castings, which have

29、been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This European Standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast irons by either a) the tensile strength of cast samples, or b) the hardness measured on the castings or on a cast-on knob. If agreed by the man

30、ufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) may be specified. This European Standard specifies six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from cast samples (

31、see Table 1) and six grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness (see Table 2). This European Standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings; see EN 1559-1 3 and EN 1559-3 4. This European Standard does not apply to grey cast irons used for pipes a

32、nd fittings according to EN 877 5. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)

33、applies. EN 10204, Metallic products Types of inspection documents EN ISO 945-1, Microstructure of cast irons Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1:2008) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic mate

34、rials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2009) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 grey cast iron cast material, mainly iron and carbon based, carbon being present mainly in the form of flake (l

35、amellar) graphite particles NOTE 1 Grey cast iron is also known as flake graphite cast iron, and less commonly as lamellar graphite cast iron. NOTE 2 Graphite form, distribution and size are specified in EN ISO 945-1. 3.2 cast sample quantity of material cast to represent the cast material, includin

36、g separately cast sample, side by side cast sample and cast-on sample BS EN 1561:2011EN 1561:2011 (E) 6 3.3 separately cast sample sample cast in a separate sand mould under representative manufacturing conditions and material grade 3.4 side-by-side cast sample sample cast in the mould alongside the

37、 casting, with a joint running system 3.5 cast-on sample sample attached directly to the casting 3.6 relevant wall thickness wall thickness representative of the casting, defined for the determination of the size of the cast samples to which the mechanical properties apply 4 Designation The material

38、 shall be designated either by symbol or by number as given in either Table 1 or Table 2. In the case of samples cut from the casting the letter C is added at the end of the designation by symbol. NOTE Comparison of EN 1561 grade designations to the grades from the ISO standard for grey cast irons (

39、ISO 185:2005) 6 is given in Annex B. 5 Order information The order shall specify, in an unambiguous manner, whether the tensile strength measured on cast samples, or the Brinell hardness measured on the casting, is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall charac

40、terize the material according to tensile strength. The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser: a) the number of this European Standard; b) the designation of the material; c) the relevant wall thickness; NOTE 1 For castings which have been designed before the date of issue of this

41、standard, the information regarding the relevant wall thickness can be omitted. d) any special requirements. All requirements shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order e.g. technical delivery conditions according to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3. NOT

42、E 2 When specifying a combination of tensile strength and hardness, it is recommended to consult the information in Annex E. In case of castings which have been designed before the date of issue of this standard, for the verification of the minimum tensile strength of the specified grey cast iron gr

43、ade, separately cast samples with a diameter of 30 mm are used. The order shall specify the number and year of the previous edition (EN 1561:1997) of this European Standard. BS EN 1561:2011EN 1561:2011 (E) 7 6 Manufacture Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the method of manufacture of grey

44、 cast irons to obtain the specified mechanical properties shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall ensure that the requirements defined in this standard are met for the material grade specified in the order. All agreements between the manufacturer and the purchaser

45、 shall be made by the time of acceptance of the order. NOTE For grey cast irons to be used in special applications, the chemical composition and heat treatment may be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. 7 Requirements 7.1 Cha

46、racterizing properties The order should specify in an unambiguous manner whether the tensile strength measured on a test piece machined from a cast sample or the Brinell hardness measured on the casting is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall characterize th

47、e material according to tensile strength. 7.2 Tensile properties 7.2.1 General The property values apply to grey cast irons cast in sand moulds or moulds of comparable thermal behaviour. Subject to amendments to be agreed upon in the order, they can apply to castings obtained by alternative methods.

48、 Tensile properties are wall thickness dependant as shown in Table 1. NOTE Tensile testing requires sound test pieces in order to guarantee pure uni-axial stress during the test. 7.2.2 Test pieces machined from cast samples The tensile properties of the six grades of grey cast irons specified by ten

49、sile strength, when measured according to 9.1 using test pieces machined from cast samples according to Table 3, shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 1. The maximum tensile strength of the grade is the minimum value plus 100 MPa. 7.2.3 Test pieces machined from samples cut from a casting If applicable, the manufacturer and the purchaser shall agree on: the location(s) on a casting where the sample(s) sh