EN 1007-6-2007 en Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 6 Determination of tensile properties of filament at high temperature.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1007-6:2007Advanced technical ceramic Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcements Part 6: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at high temperatureThe European Standard EN 1007-6:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g

2、49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 1007-6:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3

3、1 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 58296 7National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1007-6:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be

4、 obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationDate Co

5、mmentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1007-6November 2007ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 1007-6:2002 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramic - Ceramic composites - Methods oftest for reinforcements - Part 6: Determination of tensileproperties of filaments at high temperatureCramique

6、s techniques avances - Cramiquescomposites - Mthodes dessai pour renforts - Partie 6 :Dtermination des proprits en traction du filament haute tempratureHochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe -Verfahren zur Prfung der Faserverstrkungen - Teil 6:Bestimmung der Zugeigenschaften von Fasern

7、bei hoherTemperaturThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bi

8、bliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility

9、of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irelan

10、d, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-

11、1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1007-6:2007: EEN 1007-6:2007 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle6 5 Apparatus .7 5.1 Test machine7 5.2

12、Load train7 5.3 Adhesive .7 5.4 Test chamber7 5.5 Set-up for heating 7 5.6 Temperature measurement.7 5.7 Data recording system 7 6 Hot end method8 6.1 General8 6.2 Test specimens8 6.3 Test specimen preparation.8 6.4 Number of test specimens9 6.5 Test procedure.9 6.6 Calculation of results 11 7 Cold

13、end method14 7.1 General14 7.2 Method A.14 7.3 Method B.18 Annex A (informative) Principle of method A.24 Annex B (informative) Principle of method B.27 Bibliography 29 EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1007-6:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technica

14、l ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. Att

15、ention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV 1007-6:2002. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulatio

16、ns, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan

17、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the conditions for measurement of tensile properties a of single filament of ceramic fibres at high temperatures in air or inert

18、 atmosphere (vacuum or controlled atmosphere). The method applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, staple fibre, braids and knitting, that have strain to fracture less than or equal to 5 % and show linear elastic behaviour to fracture. The method does not apply to testing for

19、homogeneity of strength properties of fibres, nor does it assess the effects of volume under stress. Statistical aspects of fibre failure are not included. Two methods are proposed depending on the temperature of the filament end: Hot end method: this method allows determination of tensile strength,

20、 of Youngs modulus and of the stress strain curve. NOTE 1 Current experience with this technique is limited to 1 300 C, because of the application temperature of ceramic glue. Cold end method. NOTE 2 This method is limited to 1 700 C in air and 2 000 C in inert atmosphere because of the limits of fu

21、rnaces. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1007-3, Advance

22、d technical ceramics Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcement Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area EN 1007-4, Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Methods of test for reinforcement Part 4: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at ambient

23、temperature EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and cali

24、bration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) EN 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995) EN 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 test tem

25、perature T temperature of the filament at the centre of the gauge length EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 5 3.2 Lengths 3.2.1 gauge length Loinitial distance between two reference points on the filament, where the temperature variation is within 20 C at test temperature 3.2.2 test specimen length Lfinitial distan

26、ce between the gripped ends of the filament 3.2.3 uniformly heated length Lhlength of the heated zone at the test temperature, where the temperature variation is within 20 C (see Figure A.2) 3.2.4 gradient zone length Ldlength of each part of the test specimen where the temperature decreases from th

27、e temperature at the end of the uniformly heated length to room temperature (see Figure A.2) 3.2.5 room temperature zone length Lc length of each part of the test specimen where the temperature is equal to room temperature 3.3 initial cross-section area Aoinitial cross-section area of the filament w

28、ithin the gauge length determined at room temperature 3.4 maximum tensile force Fm highest recorded tensile force on the test specimen when tested to failure 3.5 tensile stress tensile force supported by the test specimen divided by the initial cross-section area 3.6 tensile strength mratio of the m

29、aximum tensile force to the initial cross-section area 3.7 longitudinal deformation L increase of the gauge length during the tensile test 3.8 Compliance 3.8.1 total compliance Ctreciprocal of the slope in the linear part of the force/displacement curve EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 6 3.8.2 load train complian

30、ce Clratio of the force displacement excluding any test specimen contribution to the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.8.3 gradient zone compliance Cdratio of the test specimen elongation in the temperature gradient zone length Ldto the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.8.4 c

31、old zone compliance Ccratio of the test specimen elongation at room temperature Lc to the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.8.5 hot zone compliance Chratio of the test specimen elongation in the uniformly heated length Lhto the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.9 strain ratio

32、 of the longitudinal deformation to the gauge length 3.10 fracture strain mstrain at failure of the test specimen 3.11 elastic modulus E slope of the linear part of the tensile stress-strain curve 4 Principle A ceramic filament is heated to the test temperature and loaded in tension. The test is per

33、formed at constant force/displacement rate up to failure. Force and cross-head displacement are measured and recorded simultaneously. When required, the elongation is derived from the cross-head displacement using a compliance correction. The test duration is limited to reduce time dependent effects

34、. Subjecting the whole length of a fibre to temperatures well above 1 000 C makes it difficult to fix the ends of the specimen into appropriate temperature proof extensions. In high temperature cold end tests this problem is avoided by keeping the junction at the ends of the test specimen at room te

35、mperature, allowing organic resins to be used as in the room temperature tests (EN 1007-4). Two methods can thus be used: one consists of heating the filament over its total length (hot end method); one consists of heating only the central part of the filament (cold end method). EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 7

36、 5 Apparatus 5.1 Test machine The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen. The system shall conform to grade 1 in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1. The machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force displacement. The accuracy of the

37、measurement shall be better than 1 m. 5.2 Load train The grips shall align the specimen with the direction of the force. Slippage of the filament in the grips shall be prevented. The load train performance including the alignment system and the force transmitting system shall not change because of h

38、eating. 5.3 Adhesive Use a suitable adhesive for affixing the filament to the ends of the grip, such as epoxy resin, cement or sealing wax. 5.4 Test chamber 5.4.1 General When testing under inert conditions, a gastight chamber allows proper control of the test environment during the test. The instal

39、lation shall be such that the variation of the load due to the variation of pressure is less than 1 % of the scale of the load cell being used. 5.4.2 Gas atmosphere The gas atmosphere shall be chosen depending on the material to be tested and on the test temperature. The level of pressure shall be c

40、hosen depending on the material to be tested, on the test temperature and on the type of gas. 5.4.3 Vacuum chamber The level of vacuum shall not induce chemical and/or physical instabilities of the filament material. 5.5 Set-up for heating The set-up for heating shall be constructed in such a way th

41、at the variation of temperature within the gauge length is less than 20 C at test temperature. 5.6 Temperature measurement Thermocouples shall comply with EN 60584-1 and EN 60584-2. Alternatively, pyrometers or thermocouples which are not covered by EN 60584-1 and EN 60584-2, but which are appropria

42、tely calibrated, can be used. 5.7 Data recording system Calibrated recorders may be used to record force-displacement curves. The use of a digital data recording system combined with an analogue recorder is recommended. EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 8 6 Hot end method 6.1 General In high temperature the test s

43、pecimen strain can be determined in simple analogy to the room temperature method assuming that the test specimen sees isothermal conditions along its whole length. According to this hypothesis, the gauge length L0is equal to the test specimen length Lf. 6.2 Test specimens Specimens with a gauge len

44、gth of 25 mm shall be used to establish the force-displacement curves. Specimens with a gauge length of 10 mm and 40 mm shall be used to determine the load train compliance Cl. The tolerance on the gauge length is 1 mm. 6.3 Test specimen preparation Extreme care shall be taken during test specimen p

45、reparation to ensure that the procedure is repeatable from test specimen to test specimen and to avoid handling damage. NOTE As an example to prevent damage during test specimen manipulation and mounting, the assembly of test specimen and alumina tubes is maintained straight by an extra alumina rod,

46、 as shown in Figure 1. key 1 alumina tubes 2 temporary screw attachment 3 test specimen 4 high temperature joints between the test specimen and the alumina tubes 5 alumina rod Figure 1 Test specimen assembly EN 1007-6:2007 (E) 9 6.4 Number of test specimens For each test condition, five valid test r

47、esults at a gauge length of 25 mm, are required. For the determination of strain related properties, three additional tests at each gauge length of 10 mm and 40 mm are required in order to establish load-train compliance, CL. NOTE 1 If a statistical evaluation is required, the number of test specime

48、ns at a gauge length of 25 mm should be in accordance with EN 843-5. NOTE 2 A compliance determination is not required if only strength needs to be determined. 6.5 Test procedure 6.5.1 Test set-up: determination of the temperature profile The following determinations shall be carried out under actua

49、l test conditions. Prior to testing, the temperature profile inside the furnace shall be established over the temperature range of interest. This shall be done by measuring the temperature at a minimum of three locations that correspond to the ends and the centre of the maximum gauge length. NOTE 1 When the type of specimen assembly described in Figure 1 is used, the temperature profile may be determined inside the furnace at the end and at mid-way between the tubes positioned at the distance corresponding to the maximu