DIN EN ISO 8254-1-2009 Paper and board - Measurement of specular gloss - Part 1 75 degree gloss with a converging beam TAPPI method (ISO 8254-1 2009) English version of DIN EN ISO .pdf

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1、September 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 85.060!$Ya“1546227ww

2、w.din.deDDIN EN ISO 8254-1Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method(ISO 8254-1:2009)English version of DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09Papier und Pappe Bestimmung des Spiegelglanzes Teil 1: Messung mit einem konvergierenden Strahl bei 75, TAP

3、PI-Verfahren(ISO 8254-1:2009)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09SupersedesDIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises 16 pagesDIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps” in collaboration wi

4、th Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 062-04-25 GA (formerly NMP 425/NPa) Optische Eig

5、enschaften fr Papier, Pappe und Faserstoff. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 186 DIN EN ISO 186 ISO 187 DIN EN ISO 20187 Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2003-04 as follows: a) (German version only)

6、 In the main title, the term “Glanz” has been replaced by “Spiegelglanz”. b) New terms and definitions have been included (see 3.5 to 3.9). c) The reference wavelength has been changed to 587,56 nm. d) Equations (1) and (2) for the calculation of the specular gloss value have been added. e) The stan

7、dard has been editorially revised. Compared with DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-07, the following correction has been made to the German version only and therefore does not affect the English text: a) The above-mentioned particulars of the amendments have also been included in the Foreword of the German ver

8、sion of this European Standard. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 8254-1: 2003-04, 2009-07 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 20187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples DIN EN ISO

9、186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 8254-1 February 2009 ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN ISO 8254-1:2003 English Version Paper and board - Measurement of specular gloss - Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI me

10、thod (ISO 8254-1:2009) Papiers et cartons - Mesurage du brillant spculaire - Partie 1: Brillant 75 degrs avec un faisceau convergent, mthode TAPPI (ISO 8254-1:2009) Papier und Pappe - Bestimmung des Spiegelglanzes - Teil 1: Messung mit einem konvergierenden Strahl bei 75, TAPPI-Verfahren (ISO 8254-1

11、:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographi

12、cal references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CE

13、N member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It

14、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-10

15、00 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 8254-1:2009: EContents 2 DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09 EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) Page Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions

16、 .5 4 Principle .6 5 Apparatus.7 6 Sampling 8 7 Preparation of test pieces.8 8 Calibration of the instrument .9 9 Procedure.9 10 Precision 9 11 Test report10 Annex A (normative) Specification of the optical system of the gloss meter11 Bibliography14 3 EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09

17、 Foreword which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2009. Attention is drawn

18、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent This document supersedes EN ISO 8254-1:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Au

19、stria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorse

20、ment notice The text of ISO 8254-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 8254-1:2009 without any modification. rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. and pulps” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and

21、board”, the secretariat of This document (EN ISO 8254-1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board Introduction This part of ISO 8254 deals with the assessment of the “gloss” of a paper or board surface by determining an optical property called the “specular gloss” which i

22、s here defined in terms of a measurement made at 75 using a converging beam geometry, commonly known as the TAPPI method and described in TAPPI 480 om-921. Other parts of this International Standard deal with measurements made at 75 using a collimated beam geometry known as the DIN method, and with

23、measurements made at 20. Gloss results are greatly dependent on the angle of measurement and on the type of incident beam (converging or collimated), so conditions of measurement shall be carefully defined. The definition of gloss (3.1) relates to a mode of visual perception, whereas the method desc

24、ribed uses a physical measurement of mixed regular and diffuse reflection. The exact correlation between the visual perception and the scale established by the physical measurement is not known. However, this physical gloss scale has proved to be useful for a number of technical applications and con

25、sequently its standardization is justified. 4 DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09 EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 8254 specifies a method for measuring the specular gloss of paper at an angle of 75 to the normal to the paper surface. Although its chief application is to coated papers, it may a

26、lso be used for glossy uncoated papers such as supercalendered papers. NOTE 1 This method does not provide an assessment of image-reflecting quality and should not be used for cast-coated, lacquered, highly varnished or waxed papers or for high-gloss ink films. For these purposes, measurements at ot

27、her angles, for example 20, are preferred, although the present method has been shown to be suitable for gloss measurements of most other ink films on paper or paperboard. Differences in the colour and the diffuse reflectances of these ink films have a negligible effect on gloss measured according t

28、o this part of ISO 8254. For example, measurements on white and black surfaces which are otherwise identical give a value for the white surface that is less than one gloss unit higher than the value for the black surface. NOTE 2 The methods specified in ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes Determination o

29、f specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20, 60 and 85, may be applicable to certain grades of paper. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,

30、 the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples 3

31、 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gloss mode of appearance by which reflected highlights of objects are perceived as superimposed on the surface due to the directionally selective properties of that surface CIE Publication No. 17

32、.4:1987, definition 845.04.735 3.2 regular reflection reflection at the specular angle in accordance with the laws of geometrical optics, without diffusion CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.455 5 EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09 3.3 diffuse reflection diffusion by refl

33、ection in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no regular reflection CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, definition 845.04.475 3.4 specular angle angle with respect to the normal to the surface, equal and opposite to and in the same plane as the angle of incidence 3.5 reflectometer instrument for me

34、asuring quantities pertaining to the reception of reflected light 3.6 indicatrix angular distribution of the reflected light 3.7 reflectometer value measured variable which, for a given angle of incidence, is proportional to the integral of the reflection indicatrix within a defined solid angle and

35、is equal to 100 times the ratio of the value obtained for the sample to that of a defined standard specularly reflecting surface NOTE The value of 100 is a scale factor, since the defined specularly reflecting surface has an assigned reflectometer value of 100. It does not mean that the value is a p

36、ercentage. 3.8 specular gloss gloss observed or measured at the specular angle 3.9 specular gloss value value equal to the reflectometer value measured in a reflectometer having the geometrical characteristics defined in Annex A and calibrated with respect to a defined primary gloss standard having

37、the values specified in 5.2.1 NOTE 1 The specular gloss value is thus equal to 100 times the ratio of the luminous flux reflected by the test surface into a specified aperture at the specular angle to that from a standard specularly reflecting surface under the same conditions of illumination. NOTE

38、2 The specular gloss value is a dimensionless quantity and is not a percentage. 4 Principle Light incident on the test piece surface at an angle of 75 to the normal and reflected from the surface at an angle of 75 from the normal into a defined aperture is detected by a photodetector, the output of

39、which is displayed. 6 DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09 EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) 5 Apparatus 5.1 Gloss meter, i.e. a reflectometer having the general arrangement and relative dimensions of the principal parts as described in Annex A. It shall consist of: a) a source of light; b) a lens giving a converging bea

40、m of light incident to the test piece; c) a suitable device such as a suction plate to hold the test piece flat, if required; d) a photodetector to receive and measure light reflected by the test piece under conditions specified in Annex A. These components are combined in a light-tight housing that

41、 is matt black inside and is structurally and optically stable at the operating temperature. 5.2 Gloss standards, consisting of the following. 5.2.1 Primary gloss standard. The theoretical primary specular gloss standard is an ideal, completely reflecting plane mirror having an assigned gloss value

42、of 384,4 gloss units. A black glass which is flat and clean and has a polished surface, having a refractive index of 1,540 at 587,56 nm (the helium d line), may be shown by the Fresnel equation 3to measure 100 gloss units on this scale. 5.2.2 High-gloss reference standard, consisting of a clean plaq

43、ue of polished black glass for which the 75 specular reflectance has been computed from its refractive index as measured at a wavelength of 587,56 nm. If the refractive index differs from 1,540, the gloss value, G, shall be calculated as: G = 100 K (1) where ()()()()()()()()()220,5 0,5222 220,5 0,52

44、22 2220,5 0,5222 220,5 0,222 22cos sin sin coscos sin sin cos,1,540 cos 1,540 sin 1,540 sin cos1,540 cos 1,540 sin 1,540 sinnn nnn nKn + += + 25cos + (2) where n is the refractive index of the glass; is the angle of incidence. When = 75, the equation reduces to: ()()()()()220,5 0,522 20,5 0,522 20,2

45、588 0,933 0,933 0,2588,75 1,9220,2588 0,933 0,933 0,2588nn nKnnn n = + +(3) 7 EN ISO 8254-1:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 8254-1:2009-09 NOTE If the refractive index is known, the gloss value may be calculated by adding or subtracting from 100,0 a value of 0,067 for each 0,001 departure of the refractive inde

46、x from the standard value of 1,540. For example, for a glass of refractive index 1,523, the assigned value would be 0,067(1,540 )1000,001nG= G = 67n 3,2 G = 98,9 (4) These methods are however valid only for refractive index values between 1,50 and 1,54. They are not applicable to quartz standards fo

47、r which n is about 1,46. 5.2.3 Intermediate-gloss standards, having a reflected flux distribution comparable with that of the paper to be tested. Such standards may consist of ceramic tiles or other suitable material. The standards shall be sufficiently flat not to rock when placed in the measuremen

48、t position and they shall be uniform in gloss over their central area. Each of these standards shall be calibrated against the high-gloss working standard by a reputable laboratory in an instrument conforming to 5.1. 5.2.4 Working standards, having reflected flux distributions corresponding to diffe

49、rent gloss levels, calibrated in the instrument concerned against a range of intermediate-gloss standards. Store standards in a closed container when they are not in use. Keep them away from any dirt which may scratch or mar their surfaces. Never place a standard face down on a surface which may be dirty or abrasive. Always hold a standard at the side edges to avoid transferring oil from ones skin to the standard surface. Cle