CEN ISO TS 27687-2009 Nanotechnologies - Terminology and definitions for nano-objects - Nanoparticle nanofibre and nanoplate (ISO TS 27687 2008)《纳米技术 纳米物体用术语和定义 纳米颗粒 纳米纤维和纳米板》.pdf

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1、DD CEN ISO/TS27687:2009ICS 01.040.07; 07.030NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWDRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNanotechnologies Terminologyand definitionsfor nano-objects Nanoparticle,nanofibre andnanoplate (ISO/TS27687:2008)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Pr

2、ovided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This Draft for Developmentwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 January2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 67037 4Amendments/corrigenda issued

3、since publicationDate CommentsDD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CEN ISO/TS27687:2009. It is identical to ISO/TS 27687:2008. It supersedes DD CENISO/TS 27687:2008 which is withdrawn.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Stand

4、ard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications andis of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis,so that information and experience of its practical application can beobtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development arereque

5、sted so that UK experience can be reported to the internationalorganization responsible for its conversion to an international standard.A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years afterits publication by the international organization so that a decision can betaken on its s

6、tatus. Notification of the start of the review period will bemade in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period,the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standar

7、d, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent tothe Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NTI/1

8、, Nanotechnologies.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot conf

9、er immunityfrom legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 27687 October

10、 2009 ICS 07.030; 01.040.07 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008English Version Nanotechnologies - Terminology and definitions for nano-objects- Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate (ISO/TS 27687:2008) Nanotechnologies - Terminologie et dfinitions relatives aux nano-objets - Nanoparticule, nanofibre et

11、 nanofeuillet (ISO/TS 27687:2008) Nanotechnologien - Terminologie und Begriffe fr Nanoobjekte - Nanopartikel, Nanofaser und Nanoplttchen (ISO/TS 27687:2008) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 24 August 2009 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS

12、is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an E

13、N and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national

14、 standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unit

15、ed Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 2768

16、7:2009: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO/TS 27687:2008 has been prepared by Technical

17、 Committee ISO/TC 229 “Nanotechnologies” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 352 “Nanotechnologies” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the e

18、lements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the

19、 following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slo

20、vakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 27687:2008 has been approved by CEN as a CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009 without any modification. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo r

21、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prep

22、aring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in

23、liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task

24、of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other c

25、ircumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted f

26、or publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the commit

27、tee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at whi

28、ch time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 27687 wa

29、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All right

30、s reservedIntroduction As many authorities predict that applications of nanotechnologies will pervade all areas of life and will enable dramatic advances to be realized in all areas of communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based technologies, there is an obvious need to provi

31、de industry and research with suitable tools to aid the development and application of those technologies. It is also essential that regulators and health and environmental protection agencies have available reliable measurement systems and evaluation protocols supported by well-founded and robust s

32、tandards. Often in the field of nanotechnologies, researchers with the aid of microscopes name materials inspired by the shape of objects found in everyday life although the physical size is much smaller. The prefix, nano-, is often added to denote the small size of the object. (The prefix nano-, is

33、 also used in S.I. units to indicate 109e.g. 1 nanometre = 109metre.) To create a unitary standard, this terminology and definitions document encompasses terms used in both nanosciences and nanotechnologies concerning particles at the nano-scale. Nano-object and other new terms are coined to allow d

34、evelopment of a rational hierarchical system of definitions. This hierarchy will allow systematic building of vocabulary and is contained in a larger hierarchy of terms under development for nanotechnologies. This document provides an up-to-date listing of terms and definitions relevant to the area.

35、 It forms one part of a projected multi-part terminology and definitions document covering the different aspects of nanotechnologies. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them. This document is concerned with the de

36、finition of terminology and definitions for these small objects. These objects come in several shapes; the three basic shapes referred to in this document are illustrated in Figure 1: a) nanoparticle b) nanorod c) nanoplate Figure 1 Schematic diagrams showing some shapes for nano-objects There is a

37、hierarchical relationship between many of the different terms in the document. Some elements of this are shown in Figure 2 to illustrate some of the relationships that exist. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo

38、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vFigure 2 Fragment of hierarchy of terms related to nano-objects Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction

39、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/

40、TS 27687:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Nanotechnologies Terminology and definitions for nano-objects Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate 1 Scope This Technical Specification lists terms and definitions related to particles in the field of nanotechnologies. It is intended to facilitate comm

41、unications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them. 2 Core terms related to particles 2.1 nanoscale size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm NOTE 1 Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibit

42、ed in this size range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate. NOTE 2 The lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by

43、 the absence of a lower limit. 2.2 nano-object material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale NOTE Generic term for all discrete nanoscale objects. 3 Terms concerning particles and assemblies of particles Nano-objects (for example nanoparticles, nanofibres, and nanoplates see C

44、lause 4), often occur in (large) groups, rather than isolated. For reasons of surface energy, such coexisting nano-objects are likely to interact. In the description of these interactions, the following terms are often used. The following terms are not restricted with respect to physical size and sh

45、ape. These terms are included for completeness and their importance at the nanoscale. 3.1 particle minute piece of matter with defined physical boundaries ISO 14644-6:2007, definition 2.102 NOTE 1 A physical boundary can also be described as an interface. NOTE 2 A particle can move as a unit. NOTE 3

46、 This general particle definition applies to nano-objects. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2009ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights rese

47、rved3.2 agglomerate collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external surface area is similar to the sum of the surface areas of the individual components NOTE 1 The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals

48、 forces, or simple physical entanglement. NOTE 2 Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles. 3.3 aggregate particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area may be significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components NOTE 1 The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example covalent bonds, or those resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement. NOTE 2 Aggregates are also termed secondary particl