CAN CSA-Z243 210 1-1989 Information Processing - SGML Support Facilities - Techniques for Using SGML (First Edition).pdf

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1、National Standard of Canada cAN/C%-Z24 3.2 10.1-89 (ISO/IEC TI? 9573) (Reaffi r med 2004) information Processing-SGML Support Facilities-Techniques for Using SGML Prepared by Canadian Standards Association Approved by Standards Council of Canada lSSN 031 7-5669 Published in February 1990 by Canadian

2、 Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3. The Canadian Standards Association, which operates under the name CSA International (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was chartered in 191 9 and accredited by the Standards

3、Council of Canada to the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. and users - including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional organizations, and gove

4、rnmental agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. indicate their support for CSAs standards

5、development by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sust

6、aining memberships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards development activities. in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and continually audits and inspects products tha

7、t bear the CSA Mark. Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 191 9, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose miss

8、ion is to provide an open and effective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs. For futher information on CSA services, write to CSA International 178 Rexdale Boule

9、vard Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1 R3 Canada CSA standards reflect a national consensus of producers Individuals, companies, and associations across Canada The Association offers certification and testing services In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in The Standards Council of Canada is

10、the coordinating body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standa

11、rdization as a means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in the field of standards. has been approved by the Standar

12、ds Council of Canada and one which reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as may be approp

13、riate to the subject in hand. It normally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Co

14、uncil of Canada. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These

15、standards are subject to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 45 OConnor Street, Suite 1200 Ottawa, Ontario,

16、K1 P 6N7 Canada A National Standard of Canada is a standard which CSA I NTE RN AT10 N A1 / . Les normes nationales du Canada sont publiees en versions franfaise et anglaise. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the

17、 responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose. Technical Edbc Paul V. Bates Managing Editor: Bernard Kelly Q Canadian Standards Mation-7990 All rightr reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieml Wrn or otherwise,

18、 without the prior permission of the publisher. Contents Contents Technical Committee on Text and Office Systems v Preface vi 0. Introduction 7 1. Scope and Field of Application 7 2. References 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Document Analysis for the Creation of a Document Type Definition 2 4.1 General Notes

19、 2 4.1.1 Steps of Document Analysis 3 4.1.2 Design Issues 3 4.2 Example of the Analysis of Body Text 5 4.2.1 Headed Sections 7 4.2.2 Paragraph and Note Elements 7 4.2.3 List Elements 8 4.2.4 Footnote Element 70 4.2.5 Figure Element 70 4.2.6 Floating Elements 70 4.2.7 Reference Elements 77 4.2.8 Summ

20、ary of the Definition of the Body Element 7 7 4.2.9 Additional Elements 72 4.2.10 Markup Minimization 72 4.3 Example of the Analysis of Title Matter 72 4.3.1 Title Element 73 4.3.2 lnstlist Element 74 4.3.3 Authlist Element 75 4.3.4 Date Element 76 4.3.5 Abstract Element 77 4.3.6 Article Element 77

21、4.3.7 Complete Definition of the Title Matter 78 4.4 Example of the Analysis of Tabular Material 79 4.5 Example of the Analysis of a Simple Mathematical Formula 27 4.6 Example of the Analysis of an Auction Catalogue 22 4.7 The DTD with Relation to the Size of a Document 23 5. General Document 23 5.1

22、 General Notes 23 5.2 Document Structure 23 5.3 Description of the Tags 37 5.3.1 Major Document Elements 37 5.3.2 Title Page Elements 32 5.3.3 Front Matter Elements 33 5.3.4 Back Matter Elements 34 5.3.5 Headed Sections 34 5.3.6 Topics 34 5.3.7 Tabular Material 35 5.3.8 Figure 35 5.3.9 Phrases 36 5.

23、3.10 Lists 37 5.3.1 1 References 39 5.3.12 Basic Elements 40 5.4 Alphabetical List of the Generic Identifiers and Their Attributes 42 5.5 The Document Type Definition 43 5.6 Commentary on the Document Type Definition 47 5.6.1 Parameter Entity Declarations 47 5.6.2 Element and Attribute Declarations

24、47 5.6.3 Short References 47 5.7 National Versions of the Elements of the General Document 48 5.7.1 French 48 5.7.2 German 57 5.7.3 Swedish 54 5.7.4 Danish 57 5.7.5 Dutch 60 5.7.6 Generic Identifiers 63 5.8 Extensions to the General Document 64 5.8.1 Extending the Bibliography to Include a Bibliogra

25、phy List 64 5.8.2 Extending the DTD to Include Tables 65 6. Letter and Memorandum 66 6.1 Constituent Parts of the Documents 66 6.1.1 Common Document Elements 66 6.1.2 Elements Specific to a Business Letter 68 6.1.3 Elements Specific to an Inter-Office Memorandum 69 6.1.4 Alphabetical List of the Tag

26、s 69 6.2 Entity Set 69 Information ProcessingSGML Support Facilities-Techniques for Using SGML February 1990 iii Contents 6.3 SGML Features 70 6.4 Typical Document Type Declarations 70 6.4.1 The Document Type Declaration For Letters 70 6.4.2 The Document Type Declaration For Memoranda 70 6.5 The Com

27、mon Document Type Definition 70 6.6 A Sample Letter 77 6.7 A Sample Inter-Office Memorandum 72 7. Spreadsheet 72 7.1 Constituent Parts of a Spreadsheet 73 7.1.1 Elements of a Spreadsheet 73 ,7.1.2 Elements of a Formula 74 7.1.3 Alphabetical List of the Tags 76 7.1.4 Entity Sets 76 7.1.5 SGML Feature

28、s 77 7.2 The Document Type Definition 77 7.3 A Sample Spreadsheet 79 8. Mathematics 83 8.1 Concepts 83 8.2 User-Interface 83 8.3 Symbols 84 8.4 Description of the Elements 84 8.4.1 Formula and Formula Reference 84 8.4.2 Formula Content 85 8.5 Short References 92 8.6 Complex Examples 92 8.7 Element a

29、nd Entity Definition 93 9. Tables 98 10. Integration of Computer Graphics Metafiles 700 11. Japanese 705 11.1 Special Considerations 705 11.1.1 Horizontal and Vertical Typesetting 705 11.1.2 Sentences Including Words in the Latin AI p ha bet 7 05 11.1.3 Ruby 707 11.2 The SGML Declaration 707 11.3 Th

30、e Document Type Definition and Source Document 709 12. Linguistic Application-Scandinavian Runes 777 12.1 Use of Tags and Entities 777 12.2 Character Extension Techniques 773 12.3 Character Extension Techniques Mapped onto Tags Using Short References 7 74 12.4 Definition of a Special Character Set i

31、n the SGML Declaration 7 75 13. European Multi-Lingual Document 7 77 14. The Use of Short References 778 14.1 Single Level Quotation in English 778 14.2 Limitations of the Use of Short References to be Observed 779 15. Mixing Text in Languages Written From Left to Right and From Right to Left 720 15

32、.1 Right to Left Base Text Mixed with Text Written From Left to Right 727 15.2 Left to Right Base Text Mixed with Text Written From Right to Left 722 15.2.1 Use of Tags 722 15.2.2 Use of an 8-Bit Latin/Arabic Character Set 723 iv CAN/-Z243.210.1-89 February 1990 Technical Committee Technical Committ

33、ee on Text and Office Systems B. Ho D. MacKinnon D. Barnard P.G. Bowie E. Buchinski J. Costa S.J. Crossman D. Dawson R. Dexter J. Fortin A.S. Kwan A. La Bonte R. Marino T.G. Moore P. Pedersen E. Richards Y. Rubinsky G. Seeds Department of Communications-Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Software Kinetics Ltd.

34、, Stittsville, Ontario Queens University, Kingston, Ontario Bell Canada, Ottawa, Ontario National Library of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Bel I-Northern Research, Ottawa, Ontario Telecom Canada, Ottawa, Ontario SHL Systemhouse Inc., Ottawa, Ontario Standards Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Department

35、of Communications-Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Department of Communications-Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Ministere des Communications du Quebec, Ste-Foy Hewlett-Packard (Canada) Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario CNCP Telecommunications, Toronto, Ontario Philips Electronics Limited, St. Laurent, Quebec Nixdorf Comput

36、er Canada Limited, Don Mills, Ontario Softquad Inc., Toronto, Ontario XlOS Systems Corp., Ottawa, Ontario Information Processing-SGML Support Facilities-Techniques for Using SGML February 1990 Chairman Vice- Chairman Associate Associate Associate Associate Associate V Technical Committee D.A. Sheppa

37、rd Associate Protocols Standards these two Standards have also been adopted by the CSA Technical Committee on Text and Office Systems, and are available from CSA as CAN/CSA-2243.210. February 1990 Notes: (1) Use of the masculine gender in this Standard is not meant to exclude the feminine gender whe

38、n applied to persons. Similarly, use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows. (2) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the user of the Standard to ju

39、dge its suitability for his particular purpose. (3) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. (4) All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Sta

40、ndards Association, Standards Division, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Rexdale, Ontario M9 W 1 R3. (a) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch; (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and

41、(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer. sample copy, write to CSA Marketing or telephone (416) 747-4019. This CSA Standard is an adoption of ISO/IEC Technical Report 9573. As a member Requests for interpretation should Interpretations are published in CSA Information

42、 Update. For subscription details and a free Information Processing-SGML Support Facilities-Techniques for Using SGML February 1990 vii TECHNICAL REPORT ISOIIECAR 9!573:1988(E) Information processing - SGML support facilities - Techniques for using SGML 0 Introduction IS0 8879, Information processin

43、g - Text and office systems - Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), states the rules for the description and markup of documents for their publication and interchange. A basic document type, primarily for computer-assisted publishing, is provided as an example in clause E.l of IS0 8879, but i

44、s not explained there. It is explained in this Technical Report to assist comprehension. Also given is a variety of examples on the use of SGML. Thus this Technical Report is complementary to IS0 8879, its principal purpose being to assist in the adoption of the language. 1 Scope and Field of Applic

45、ation This Technical Report complements IS0 8879 by providing additional turorial information. It is not intended, and should not be regarded, as an extention, modification, or interpretation of IS0 8879. The SGML language contains a number of components, some of which are optional features. The tut

46、orial information covers the main components of the language only; notably a discussion of LINK, CONCUR, and DATATAG is outside the scope of this Technical Report. The intended audience is mainly document type designers already familiar with the basic concepts of SGML, but requiring more tutorial in

47、formation on techniques for using SGML for various applications. Subclauses 5.3 and 8.4 are written in the style of a “User Guide” and can be used as a basis for end-user documentation. For an introductory tutorial on SGML the annexes of IS0 8879 can be used. This Technical Report includes notes on

48、the analysis of a document prior to the writing of a formal document type definition, and a series of examples. The principal example is for a general document type, formally defined as an example in clause E.l of IS0 8879. Others of a general nature are for letter and memorandum, spreadsheet, mathe

49、matics, and the mixing of text and graphics. Those for language applications include Scandinavian runes, Japanese, a European multilingual document, and mixing text in languages written from left to right and from right to left. NOTE - Throughout this Technical Report terms like “Is keyed in”, and “wlth keyboarding” are used. This does not neccessarily imply that the markup is to be added explicitly by a user; for text entry one would expect structured, context sensitive, editors to be used, or the markup added by application programs, e.g. in the case of interchange of spread- sheets.