BS EN 28050-1992 Ferronickel ingots or pieces - Sampling for analysis《镍铁块或片 抽样分析》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 28050:1992 ISO8050:1988 Ferronickel ingots or pieces Sampling for analysis The European Standard EN28050:1992 has the status of a BritishStandardBSEN28050:1992 This BritishStandard was published under the authority ofthe Standards Board and comesinto effect on 15July1992 BSI01

2、-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference NFM/10 Draft for comment86/43651 DC ISBN 0 580 20516 9 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the na

3、tional standards organizations of the following countries. Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normun

4、g e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges S

5、tandardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spain Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom BritishStandards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No

6、. Date CommentsBSEN28050:1992 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 28050 3 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back coverBSEN28050:1992 ii BSI 01-2000 National foreword This BritishStandard has b

7、een prepared under the direction of the Non-ferrous Metals Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN28050:1992, “Ferronickel ingots or pieces Sampling for analysis” published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is identical with ISO8050:1988 published b

8、y the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from

9、legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theEN title page, pages2 to18, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated i

10、n the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 28050 May 1992 UDC 699.15 24-198-4:620.11 Descriptors: Ferroalloys, ferronickel, ingots, sampling, samples English version Ferronickel ingots or pieces Sampling for analysis (ISO8050:1988) Ferro-nick

11、el en lingots ou en morceaux chantillonnage pour analyse (ISO8050:1988) Ferronickelbarren oder -stcke Probenahmefr Analyse (ISO8050:1988) This European Standard was approved by CEN on1992-5-08. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions f

12、or giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three officia

13、l versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Bel

14、gium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stas

15、sart 36, B-1050 Brussels CEN1992 Copyright reserved to all CEN members Ref. No. EN28050:1992 EEN28050:1992 BSI 01-2000 2 Foreword On the proposal of the CEN Central Secretariat, the Technical Board has decided by Resolution BTC157/1990 to submit the International Standard ISO8050:1988 “Ferronickel i

16、ngots or pieces Sampling for analysis” to the formal vote. This European Standard EN28050 was approved by CEN on1992-05-08. National standards identical to this European Standard shall be published at the latest by1992-11-30 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by1992-

17、11-30. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and theUnitedKi

18、ngdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO8050:1988 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Sampling of each heat at the producers plant 3 3.1 Taking the primary sample during casting

19、 3 3.2 Secondary sampling of small ingots taken from the heat 4 4 Sampling of a lot of ingots or pieces 4 4.1 Sampling of ingots or pieces 4 4.2 Taking chips from ingots or pieces 5 5 Treatment of chips 5 5.1 Washing 5 5.2 Crushing 6 5.3 Homogenization 6 5.4 Division 6 Annex A (normative) Number of

20、small ingots to be taken and number to be analysed 8 Annex B (informative) Methods for taking a sample of size N in a supply of M items 8 Annex C (informative) Formulae giving the number N of ingots or pieces to be taken to form the primary sample 12 Annex D (informative) Technical conditions fordri

21、lling and milling 13 Figure 1 Collection box for drilling chips 7 Figure D.1 Carbide drill 16 Figure D.2 Oil-hole drill 16 Figure D.3 Chip-breaking mill cutter 17 Figure D.4 End-mill cutter 17 Figure D.5 Diesinking cutter head 18 Table 1 Number of ingots or pieces to be taken as a function of lot to

22、nnage 5 Table B.1 Cumulative number of ingots or pieces 10 Table B.2 Table of random numbers 11 Table D.1 Steels for high-speed tools 14 Table D.2 Parameters to be considered 15 Table D.3 Examples of recommended specifications 16 Table D.4 Characteristics of oil-hole drills 16EN28050:1992 BSI 01-200

23、0 3 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for sampling of ferronickel lots in ingot or piece form with a view to obtaining a representative laboratory sample for the determination of the chemical composition of the lot. As agreed between the purchaser and the supplier, a choice is t

24、o be made between two procedures: The first procedure can be applied at the producers plant during casting (description in clauses3 and5). The second procedure can be applied to lots as delivered at the buyers premises 1)(description in clauses4 and5). It includes two alternatives for sample taking

25、(drilling and milling). Each party is entitled to participate in (or be represented at) sampling operations. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the

26、editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currentl

27、y valid International Standards. ISO513:1975, Application of carbides for machining by chip removal Designation of the main groups of chip removal and groups of application. ISO3855:1977, Milling cutters Nomenclature. ISO4957:1980, Tool steels. ISO6352:1985, Ferronickel Determination of nickel conte

28、nt Dimethylglyoxime gravimetric method. ISO6501:1988, Ferronickel Specifications and conditions of delivery. 3 Sampling of each heat at the producers plant 3.1 Taking the primary sample during casting 3.1.1 Each increment 2)shall be taken using a spoon and cast in a mould to obtain a suitable small

29、ingot for chemical or physical analysis. The usual geometry of such ingots is that of a frustum. It is desirable that the dimensions lie within the following limits: height:100 to140mm upper diameter:35 to50mm lower diameter:30 to40mm The ingot mould shall be made of material that allows the sample

30、to cool rapidly; a large block of copper would meet this requirement. If necessary, the sample shall be killed to obtain a small ingot of sound metal (free of cracks and blowholes). Killing is most often done with aluminium, in wire or chip form, at1 to2g of aluminium per kilogram. The large height

31、of the small ingots permits small shrinkholes to be confined to the upper part, thus ensuring that the lower part of the ingot is perfectly sound and homogenous and hence suitable for analysis. Generally, a height of120mm will guarantee that the sound portion extends at least70mm up from the base. 3

32、.1.2 In general, the small ingots are used for physical analysis on solid metal after a disc is cut from them. Whenever possible, this analysis should produce results as accurate as those obtained from chemical analysis of chips. To achieve such accuracy, it is often necessary to analyse several sma

33、ll ingots several times each. A specified number of small ingots shall therefore be taken at regularly spaced intervals during the casting. Examples are given in Annex A to indicate the number of small ingots to be taken and the number to be analysed. It is suggested that four to eight small ingots

34、be taken from each heat. 1) This procedure can be applied at the producers plant, at the buyers premises or at an intermediate transit place, as agreed between the interested parties. 2) Increment: portion of the lot taken in a single operation; in this standard: portion of molten metal.EN28050:1992

35、 4 BSI 01-2000 It may happen that for some exceptional reasons there are not enough small ingots available which are suitable either for accurate physical analysis or for accurate analysis of chips taken from them: some small ingots may no longer be available or may contain cracks or blowholes. In t

36、hese circumstances, the ingots constituting the heat shall be sampled. Five ingots 3)shall be taken from the heat, and the procedure described beginning at clause4.1.3 3)4)shall then be followed. 3.2 Secondary sampling of small ingots taken from the heat 3.2.1 Cutting Each small ingot shall be cut i

37、n two about10 or15mm from the bottom (the smaller-diameter end) with a cut-off wheel (made of carborundum or corundum, for example). The use of water cooling is recommended, because it avoids heating of the sample and hence changes in the crystalline structure of the metal. 3.2.2 Use of the two piec

38、es of the small ingot 3.2.2.1 The disc cut off the small ingot may be used for physical analysis (i.e.X-ray fluorescence or optical emission spectrometry) of the solid metal after adequate machining of the cut surface. For the number of small ingots to be analysed and the number of determinations pe

39、r small ingot, seeAnnex A. 3.2.2.2 The larger piece may be used for preparing chips, using one of the two following methods: a) Drilling With the freshly cut surface facing upwards, the piece shall be drilled to a depth such that the pipe in the upper part of the small ingot (i.e.atthe wider end) is

40、 not reached. It is desirable to limit the depth of the drilled hole to50mm. By using a20mm diameter drill, more than100g of chips are obtained. All the chips shall be collected. An assembly similar to that of Figure 1 may be used for this purpose. It is particularly suitable when using a drill bit

41、designed for oil cooling but fed with compressed air (seeAnnex D,D.6.3). The assembly shall be made of materials which will not contaminate the chips. The recommended conditions for drilling are described in Annex D. b) Milling The conical surface adjacent to the freshly cut surface shall be cleaned

42、 by grinding with a corundum (aluminium oxide) or carborundum grinding wheel and then milled to a depth of about20mm from the cut surface (this will provide100g of chips). All the chips shall be collected. The recommended conditions for milling are described in Annex D. All the chips obtained from t

43、he selected small ingots by one of the two techniques described above shall be combined to constitute the secondary sample which is treated according to the procedure in clause5 to obtain the final laboratory sample. 4 Sampling of a lot of ingots or pieces 4.1 Sampling of ingots or pieces 4.1.1 Lots

44、 comprising one heat The procedure as described in the last paragraph of3.1 is used (5ingots or pieces are taken in accordance with the rules for random sampling). 4.1.2 Lots comprising several heats The minimum number N of ingots or pieces to be taken is given by the following rules 5) : For lot to

45、nnages between5 and80t N =50 For lot tonnages between80 and500t N =54(seefootnote 6) ) where T is the mass, in metric tons, of the lot. These rules are illustrated inTable 1. 3) The rules for random sampling given in Annex B may be used. 4) A very small number of ingots constitutes a sufficiently re

46、presentative sample of the heat, because the contents of different ingots from the same heat do not vary greatly (seeAnnex C). 5) These rules have been established making the following practical assumptions: the lots are composed of heats each of mass about20t; the nickel contents of the heats in th

47、e lot lie within the range from k to (k +1)%, where k is an integer; variations in nickel content within ingots and between ingots from the same heat are negligible compared with the range k to (k +1)%. Complete justification of these rules is given in Annex C. 6) This rule applies only when the ton

48、nage does not exceed500t. If, following an agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, a consignment is between500 and1000t, the interested parties may agree to use one of the following procedures: division of the consignment into lots of tonnages not exceeding500t; taking, from the whole cons

49、ignment, only the number of ingots or pieces specified for a tonnage of500t, i.e.N=29. Thisprocedure considerably diminishes the quantity of work involved in taking secondary samples from ingots or pieces. T 20 -EN28050:1992 BSI 01-2000 5 Table 1 Number of ingots or pieces to be taken as a function of lot tonnage The number of ingots or pieces may be increased by agreement between supplier and purchaser. The rules for random sampling shall be respected. In order that such is the case for di