BS 8596-2015 Surveying for bats in trees and woodland Guide《对树林和森林中的蝙蝠进行调查 指南》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8596:2015Surveying for bats in treesand woodland GuidePublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standards Institution 2015Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978

2、0 580 80950 7ICS 65.020.40; 65.020.99The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference BDY/1Draft for comment 15/30273055DCPublication historyFirst published October 2015Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8596:2015 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForew

3、ord iii0 Introduction 1Section 1: General 31 Scope 32 Normative references 33 Terms and definitions 34 Background knowledge and considerations for bats in trees andwoodland 7Section 2: Roosts 165 Scoping (non-specialist) surveys for roosts: individual trees and groups oftrees 166 Secondary (non-spec

4、ialist) survey for roosts: individual trees and groups oftrees (non-development) 197 Secondary (specialist) survey for roosts: individual trees and groups of trees(non-development and development) 218 Scoping (non-specialist) surveys for roosts: woodland(non-development) 249 Secondary (non-specialis

5、t) survey for roosts: woodland(non-development) 2610 Secondary (specialist) survey for roosts: woodland (non-development anddevelopment) 28Section 3: Foraging and commuting 3311 Scoping (non-specialist) survey for foraging and commuting: groups oftrees and woodland (non-development) 3312 Secondary (

6、specialist) survey for foraging and commuting: groups of treesand woodland (non-development and development) 34Section 4: Other relevant considerations 4313 Development: individual trees, groups of trees and woodland 4314 Action to be taken if bats are found during tree work operations 4315 Emergenc

7、y procedures for reasons of public health and safety 44AnnexesAnnex A The UK Forestry Standard 45Annex B Sources of distribution data and local records 46Annex C Information on associated structures that bats might use 47Annex D Legislation protecting bats and their roosts 48Annex E Additional infor

8、mation on bats and woodland 50Annex F Example of a roost scoping survey form for non-specialists 51Annex G Examples of the use of desk study findings in site walkovers 52Bibliography 53List of figuresFigure 1 Matrix: roosts 2Figure 2 Matrix: foraging and commuting 2List of tablesTable 1 Seasonal bat

9、 activity 7Table 2 Summary of distribution and habitat associations of British bats 12Table 3 Classification of trees for risk of bat roost presence 18Table 4 Equipment for direct searches 23BRITISH STANDARD BS 8596:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iTable 5 Equipment for manual bat activi

10、ty surveys 24Table 6 Equipment required for secondary (specialist) surveys 32Table 7 Examples of the number of bat surveys found necessary to identifyspecies composition 36Table C.1 Information relating to bats in roosts and habitats other thanwoodland and trees 47Table D.1 Legislation on protecting

11、 bats and their roosts 48Table E.1 Additional information on bats and woodland 50Table F.1 Example of a tree survey reporting form if PRFs are seen duringscoping survey 51Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,pages 1 to 58, an inside back cover a

12、nd a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8596:2015ii The British Standards Institution 2015ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 October 2015. Itwas prepared by Technical Co

13、mmittee BDY/1, Biodiversity management. A list oforganizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.Use of this documentAs a guide, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a code

14、of practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe guidance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Anyrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative

15、material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard ca

16、nnot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8596:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 8596:2015This page deliberately left blankiv The British Standards Institution 20150 Introduction0.1 GeneralOther publications that include the subject of surveying f

17、or bats in trees andwoodland have been produced and these are primarily aimed at ecologicalconsultants involved in the planning process for development, or forarboriculturists undertaking tree work. This British Standard brings together,into one place and for the first time, all the information abou

18、t surveying forbats in trees and woodland. In doing so it updates the information withevolving knowledge about how bats use trees and woodland, and whatemerging techniques there are for surveying. It also addresses some identifiedinformation gaps.This British Standard gives guidance on surveying to

19、those directly involved inthe management of trees and woodland (urban and rural), enabling thoseprofessionals to attain the necessary understanding of the surveys and checksthat they can do themselves, while identifying the occasions when the servicesof a bat specialist might be needed. As such it i

20、s of assistance for those carryingout sustainable forest management under the UK Forestry Standard 1(see Annex A for information on the UK Forestry Standard). It also givesguidance to bat specialists where more advanced surveys are required. The aimof this British Standard is to aid clarity by bring

21、ing together recommendationson all aspects of surveying, for all audiences, and matrices are included toensure that the relevant information is accessed with ease (see Figure 1 andFigure 2).This British Standard acknowledges and maintains the variety of approachesrequired to fit the differing needs

22、that range from individual garden treesthrough to loss of woodland as a result of development and ongoing forestrymanagement.The following are examples of some of the reasons that bat surveys might berequired: development; health and safety considerations; forestry operations; tree risk management a

23、nd proposed tree work; conservation management; and site designation.In planning any survey it is important to reflect on the reasons for carrying itout to ensure the survey is fit for purpose.0.2 The matricesThis British Standard is aimed at those who carry out surveys for bats, whetherin individua

24、l trees, small copses, woodland or forests. This could relate to treesin gardens or on development sites, within a farmed landscape or in parkland.For woodland, this could relate to management for forestry purposes orconservation.Bat surveys might be required to identify potential roosts in trees or

25、 to identifythe value of a group of trees or woodland for bat foraging or commutingpotential. Figure 1 covers roosts and Figure 2 covers foraging and commuting.Within the sections indicated there are links to other points of common interestor reference.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8596:2015 The British Stand

26、ards Institution 2015 1Figure 1 Matrix: roostsNOTE A more detailed contents list can be found in the front of this Standard.Figure 2 Matrix: foraging and commutingBRITISH STANDARDBS 8596:20152 The British Standards Institution 2015Section 1: General1 ScopeThis British Standard gives guidance on surv

27、eying for bats in individual trees,groups of trees and in woodland. This includes scoping, roost and activitysurveys, and record keeping.This British Standard applies to the following: forestry and woodland managers and operatives, including woodlandowners, managers, agents, foresters, contractors,

28、conservation bodies andwoodland advisers; arboriculturists, in particular tree work contractors, but also arboriculturalconsultants and local authority tree officers; planning officers, local government ecologists and other governmentdepartments whose functions might bring them into contact with bat

29、s intrees or woodland (whether directly or indirectly); developers and associated professions, e.g. construction companies,demolition companies and landscape architects; ecological consultants, particularly those who have the potential to work onthe specialist aspect of surveying for bats in trees;

30、utility companies, infrastructure constructors and maintainers, engineers;and flood risk managers.This British Standard does not include guidance relating to bat surveys inbuildings, underground sites or any habitat other than woodland or trees. It alsodoes not give any guidance about the outcomes o

31、f the surveys undertaken, suchas how woodland is managed or mitigation measures.2 Normative referencesThe following document, in whole or in part, is normatively referenced in thisdocument and is indispensable for its application. For dated references, only theedition cited applies. For undated refe

32、rences, the latest edition of thereferenced document (including any amendments) applies.BS 42020, Biodiversity Code of practice for planning and development3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 activity surveyassessment underta

33、ken by a bat specialist to establish the extent to which anarea is used by bats where additional information is required to supplement thefindings of the secondary habitat assessmentNOTE An activity survey might be required when proposed work has the potentialfor high impact to bats, particularly if

34、 mitigation or compensation is required.3.2 ancient woodlandwoodland that has existed continuously since 1600 or before in England, Walesand Northern Ireland (or 1750 in Scotland)BRITISH STANDARD BS 8596:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015 33.3 arboriculturistperson who, through relevant edu

35、cation, training or experience, has gainedrecognized skills or knowledge in the care and management of treesNOTE In this British Standard the term “arboriculturist” includes professional treework contractors and those involved in specifying tree management.3.4 autumn swarmingbats circling at the ent

36、rance to underground sites, tunnels or other structuresbetween August and November where they gather from some distance for thelikely purpose of mating or finding a hibernation siteNOTE 1 Autumn swarming mostly occurs with the myotis species.NOTE 2 Bats might be active at an autumn swarming site for

37、 several hours afterdusk.3.5 bat colonysum of bats that form a social group including males, females and immaturebatsNOTE The colony might utilize a number of roosts for a range of purposesthroughout the annual cycle; for example, maternity roost/nursery roost (see 3.21)and hibernation site (see 3.1

38、7).3.6 bat populationtotal number of bats of a species, in either a local, regional or national contextNOTE Population figures are approximate extrapolations from monitoring data orother methods commonly used to arrive at species population figures and are usuallyapplied at country level.3.7 bat spe

39、cialistperson who is an experienced and/or licensed bat workerNOTE See licensed bat worker (see 3.20) for cases where licences might berequired.3.8 commutingbats travelling through the landscapeNOTE Often the routes used for commuting create feeding opportunities andconvey some level of protection f

40、rom predators.3.9 connectivitypredominantly natural features that allow bats to travel through the landscapebetween resource patches3.10 core sustenance zonearea surrounding a bat roost that is of significance for foragingNOTE This varies in size depending on the species of bat (see Table 21).3.11 d

41、awn swarmingbats circling at around sunrise outside a roost entrance before entering3.12 desk studyreview of available existing information1)Table 2 appears at the end of Section 1.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8596:20154 The British Standards Institution 20153.13 European protected species (EPS)specific anima

42、ls and plants which are protected under the European HabitatsDirective 1992 2NOTE 1 All species of bat resident in Britain are listed as European protectedspecies.NOTE 2 The European Habitats Directive 1992 2 is as transposed to the UK HabitatRegulations 2010 3.3.14 experienced bat workerindividual

43、with practical/professional experience of bat ecology and surveytechniques but not necessarily licensedNOTE See licensed bat worker (see 3.20) for cases where licences might berequired.3.15 foragingbats feeding on insects and other invertebratesNOTE This is most often carried out while flying but ca

44、n involve skimming thewater surface, flying to catch insects from a perched position on a tree and pickinginsects off surfaces such as leaves.3.16 foresterperson who, through relevant education, training or experience, has gainedrecognized skills or knowledge in the care and management of forests an

45、dwoodland3.17 hibernation sitewinter roost where bats enter a deep prolonged sleep to save energy (torpor)3.18 individual treetree growing alone which is not obviously part of a wider tree group orwoodland3.19 invasive survey techniquessurveys which involve handling bats, inserting items into a pote

46、ntial roostfeature (see 3.23) or the use of techniques such as trapping bats using harptraps, mist nets or handheld nets, or an acoustic lure, or radio tracking3.20 licensed bat workerindividual holding a licence issued by the statutory nature conservationorganization (SNCO) for survey activities th

47、at might otherwise be in violation ofwildlife legislationNOTE Examples of licensed survey activities include disturbance of bats in theirroosts, using invasive survey techniques, or capturing and handling bats.3.21 maternity roost/nursery roostroosts where mothers give birth to and care for their yo

48、ung3.22 non-specialistperson who is not an experienced and/or licensed bat worker (see 3.7)3.23 potential roost feature (PRF)feature on or in a tree which has the potential to be a bat roost (see 5.2)3.24 roostresting place of a batBRITISH STANDARD BS 8596:2015 The British Standards Institution 2015

49、 53.25 scoping surveypreliminary assessment which may be undertaken by a non-specialist withsuitable training to establish the suitability of a habitat to support bats or PRFsin trees, or to establish the likely importance of groups of trees or woodland forcommuting or foraging by bats3.26 secondary (non-specialist) survey for roostsassessment of PRFs identified in the scoping survey to establish as far as possiblethe suitability of the feature for use by bats as a roostNOTE This work is likely to require an ae