BS 8555-2016 Environmental management systems Phased implementation Guide《环境管理系统 分阶段实施 指南》.pdf

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1、BS 8555:2016Environmental managementsystems Phasedimplementation GuideBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Publishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Stand

2、ards Institution 2016Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 93730 9ICS 03.100.70; 13.020.10The following BSI references relate to the work on this document:Committee reference SES/1/1Draft for comment 16/30339299 DCPublication historyFirst published April 2003Second (present) edition,

3、 December 2016Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 8555:2016 BRITISH STANDARDContents0 Introduction 11 Scope 22 Normative references 23 Terms and definitions 24 Overview of the phased approach 55 Phase 1: Leadership, context and commitment 66 Phase 2: Ensure compliance 167 Phase 3

4、: Plan and develop the environmental management system 208 Phase 4: Implement the environmental management system 299 Phase 5: Check and update the environmental management system 39AnnexesAnnex A (informative) The EMAS Regulation 46Annex B (informative) Correspondence between this British Standard

5、andBS EN ISO 14001:2015 51Bibliography 54List of figuresFigure 1 Overview of the phased implementation of an environmentalmanagement system 6Figure 2 Phase 1: Leadership, context and commitment 7Figure 3 Phase 2: Ensure compliance 17Figure 4 Phase 3: Plan and develop the environmental managementsyst

6、em 21Figure 5 Phase 4: Implement the environmental management system 30Figure 6 Phase 5: Check and update the environmental managementsystem 39List of tablesTable B.1 Correspondence between this British Standard andBS EN ISO 14001:2015 51Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an insi

7、de front cover, pages i to ii,pages 1 to 54, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8555:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 iForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and

8、 came into effect on 31 December 2016. Itwas prepared by Subcommittee SES/1/1, Environmental management systems,under the authority of Technical Committee SES/1, Environmental management.A list of organizations represented on these committees can be obtained onrequest to their secretary.Supersession

9、This British Standard supersedes BS 8555:2003, which is withdrawn.Information about this documentThis is a full revision of the standard, and introduces the following principalchanges: phases and stages updated to reflect changes in BS EN ISO 14001:2015; and removal of phase 6 and associated guidanc

10、e.Relationship with other publicationsThis British Standard is related to BS EN ISO 14001, but is not equivalent intechnical content.Use of this documentAs a guide, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification or a codeof

11、practice and claims of compliance cannot be made to it.Presentational conventionsThe guidance in this standard is presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Anyrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative mat

12、erial is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard canno

13、t confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8555:2016ii The British Standards Institution 20160 Introduction0.1 GeneralThis British Standard provides guidance for organizations on the phaseddevelopment, implementation, maintenance and improvement of anenvironmental management system (

14、EMS).0.2 Benefits of an EMSMany organizations have some form of environmental management as part oftheir overall business management process. However, many face challengeswhen implementing a formal EMS. These challenges are often around limitedresources (financial and/or human) and difficulty in imp

15、lementing all therequirements of standards or schemes such as BS EN ISO 14001 or theeco-management and audit scheme (EMAS)1).The benefits of implementing a structured EMS include:a) meeting compliance obligations;b) improved financial performance;c) being able to proactively monitor and measure envi

16、ronmental performance;d) improved internal and external communication;e) understanding and managing risks and opportunities within supply andvalue chains;f) adapting to and mitigating change (e.g. climate and economic);g) meeting the needs and expectations of relevant interested parties;h) enhancing

17、 co-operation with interested parties;i) integration of performance evaluation techniques (e.g. as set out inBS EN ISO 14031); andj) co-ordination of environmental management with other managementdisciplines and systems (e.g. energy, quality, health and safety and/or foodassurance).0.3 Advantages of

18、 a phased approachThis British Standard is applicable to any organization, regardless of the businessactivity undertaken, size, complexity or level of maturity. However, organizationswith limited resources and/or organizations new to environmental managementmight find the approach particularly usefu

19、l. The flexibility offered by a phasedapproach can be helpful in driving positive culture change within anorganization and in motivating top management to see the business value ofimproved environmental performance.The phased approach allows organizations to:a) choose the pace of implementation of t

20、heir EMS;b) decide which phase they want to reach and by when;c) develop an EMS to match the size, complexity and risks of their business;d) identify and maximize the areas of greatest potential return on investment;1)EMAS is a trademark owned by the European Commission and is an example of asuitabl

21、e scheme available commercially. This information is given for the convenienceof users of this standard and does not constitute an endorsement by BSI of theseschemes.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8555:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 1e) ensure progress and self-declare or seek voluntary recognitio

22、n at specifiedpoints during development and implementation of the EMS; andf) meet the requirements of BS EN ISO 14001 when all phases have beensuccessfully implemented.0.4 Structure of this British StandardThere are five phases (see Figure 1) with a number of step-by-step stages withineach phase. At

23、 the end of each phase and prior to embarking on the next,organizations might consider undertaking an internal audit to satisfy themselvesthat the stages are complete, and that the associated guidance has beenconsidered and, where appropriate, implemented. Each stage sets out:a) an introduction to e

24、xplain why it is required;b) achievement criteria and the evidence needed to ensure the criteria havebeen met;c) how the stage should be carried out and suggested inputs; andd) expected example outputs.An integral part of completing each stage is the generation and, whereappropriate, documentation,

25、of evidence needed to ensure meetingachievement criteria and delivering expected outputs. Internal (and external)audit criteria are based on identifying and evaluating this evidence.1 ScopeThis British Standard provides guidance for all organizations, particularly smalland medium-sized enterprises (

26、SMEs), on the phased development,implementation, maintenance and improvement of an EMS. It also includesguidance on the:a) integration and use of environmental performance evaluation (EPE)techniques during the implementation process; andb) co-ordination of such an EMS with other management systems,

27、whereappropriate.The guidance in this British Standard is applicable to any organization,regardless of the nature of the business activity undertaken, location, or level ofmaturity.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of thi

28、s British Standard, the following terms and definitionsapply.3.1 auditsystematic, independent and documented process for obtaining evidence andevaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which audit criteria arefulfilledBRITISH STANDARDBS 8555:20162 The British Standards Institution 2016NOT

29、E 1 “Evidence” consists of records, statements of fact or other informationwhich are relevant to the audit criteria and are verifiable; and “audit criteria” arethe set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference against whichaudit evidence is compared, as defined in BS EN ISO 19011:2

30、011, 3.3 and 3.2respectively.NOTE 2 An internal audit is conducted by the organization itself, or by an externalparty on its behalf.NOTE 3 An audit can be a combined audit (combining two or more disciplines).NOTE 4 Independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility forthe activity b

31、eing audited or freedom from bias and conflict of interest.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.4.1, modified3.2 compliance obligationslegal requirements and other requirements (admitted term) legal requirementsthat an organization has to comply with and other requirements that anorganization has to or c

32、hooses to comply withNOTE 1 Compliance obligations are related to the environmental managementsystem.NOTE 2 Compliance obligations can arise from mandatory requirements, such asapplicable laws and regulations, or voluntary commitments, such as organizationaland industry standards, contractual relati

33、onships, codes of practice and agreementswith community groups or non-governmental organizations.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.93.3 continual improvementrecurring activity to enhance performanceNOTE 1 Enhancing performance relates to the use of the environmentalmanagement system to enhance envir

34、onmental performance consistent with theorganizations environmental policy.NOTE 2 The activity need not take place in all areas simultaneously, or withoutinterruption.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.4.53.4 environmentsurroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land,natural

35、resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelationNOTE 1 Surroundings can extend from within an organization to the local, regionaland global system.NOTE 2 Surroundings can be described in terms of biodiversity, ecosystems, climateor other characteristics.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.13.5

36、 environmental aspectelement of an organizations activities, products or services that interacts or caninteract with the environmentNOTE 1 An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s). Asignificant environmental aspect is one that has or can have one or more significantenvironmenta

37、l impact(s).NOTE 2 Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organizationapplying one or more criteria.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2BRITISH STANDARD BS 8555:2016 The British Standards Institution 2016 33.6 environmental impactchange to the environment, whether adverse or benefici

38、al, wholly or partiallyresulting from an organizations environmental aspectsSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.43.7 environmental management system (EMS)part of the management system used to manage environmental aspects, fulfilcompliance obligations, and address risks and opportunitiesSOURCE: BS EN I

39、SO 14001:2015, 3.1.23.8 environmental objectiveobjective set by the organization consistent with its environmental policySOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.63.9 environmental performanceperformance related to the management of environmental aspectsNOTE For an environmental management system, results

40、can be measured againstthe organizations environmental policy, environmental objectives or other criteria,using indicators.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.4.113.10 environmental performance evaluation (EPE)process to facilitate management decisions regarding an organizationsenvironmental performance

41、 by selecting indicators, collecting and analysingdata, assessing information about environmental performance criteria, reportingand communicating, and periodically reviewing and improving this processSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14031:2013, 3.103.11 environmental performance indicator (EPI)indicator that prov

42、ides information about an organizations environmentalperformanceSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14031:2013, 3.113.12 environmental policyintentions and direction of an organization related to environmentalperformance, as formally expressed by its top managementSOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.1.33.13 interested pa

43、rtiespersons or organizations that can affect, be affected by, or perceive themselvesto be affected by a decision or activityNOTE 1 Examples can include customers, communities, suppliers, regulators,non-governmental organizations, investors and employees.NOTE 2 To “perceive themselves to be affected

44、” means the perception has beenmade known to the organization.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.1.6, modified3.14 life cycleconsecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from rawmaterial acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposalNOTE The life cycle stages

45、 include acquisition of raw materials, design, production,transportation/delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.3.3BRITISH STANDARDBS 8555:20164 The British Standards Institution 20163.15 nonconformitiesany non-fulfilment of a requirementNOTE Nonconfo

46、rmity relates to requirements in BS EN ISO 14001 and additionalenvironmental management system requirements that an organization establishesfor itself.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.4.3, modified3.16 organizationperson or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities,authorities

47、and relationships to achieve its objectivesNOTE The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader,company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution,or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.SOURCE: BS EN

48、ISO 14001:2015, 3.1.43.17 prevention of pollutionuse of processes, practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy toavoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation, emission ordischarge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverseenvironmental im

49、pactsNOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination;process, product or service changes; efficient use of resources; material andenergy substitution; reuse; recovery; recycling, reclamation; or treatment.SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.73.18 risks and opportunitiespotential adverse effects (threats) and potential beneficial effects (opportunities)SOURCE: BS EN ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.113.19 value chainentire series of activities that create and build value at every step4 Overview of