BS 8006-2-2011 Code of practice for strengthened reinforced soils Soil nail design《加强 增强土壤实施规程 泥钉的设计》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS 8006-2:2011Incorporating Corrigenda Nos. 1 and 2Code of practice forstrengthened/reinforcedsoilsPart 2: Soil nail designPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. The British Standard

2、s Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 84676 2ICS 93.020The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/526/4Draft for comment 11/30161659 DCPublication historyFirst published (as BS 8006), November 1995Revised as BS 8006-1, Oct

3、ober 2010 and BS 8006-2 (this standard), December 2011Amendments issued since publication#Date Text affectedNovember 2013 C2. Missing symbols added (pp. 56)C1. The word “nail” inserted in Table 5(p. 43)C1. Correction to Figure 18 (p. 47)C1. Missing equation added to 4.3.5.2(p. 58)C1. Corrections to

4、Figure 32 (p. 82)C1. Corrections to Figure 33 (p. 84)C1. BS EN reference number correctedin 5.1, Note 1 (p. 89)C1+C2. See Foreword$BS 8006-2:2011 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword ivSection 1 : General 11.1 Scope 11.2 Normative references 11.3 Terms, definitions and symbols 2Section 2 : Soil nailing

5、applications and construction considerations 82.1 General 82.2 Description of typical soil nail element components 82.3 Typical applications 92.4 Construction design considerations 12Section 3 : Suitability of ground and groundwater conditions 183.1 General 183.2 Understanding the site geology 183.3

6、 General requirements for suitability of soils and rocks for soil nailing 193.4 Suitability of cohesive soils for soil nailing 193.5 Suitability of granular soils for soil nailing 243.6 Suitability of weak rocks for soil nailing 253.7 Suitability of fill for soil nailing 263.8 Effects of groundwater

7、 on soil nailing 293.9 Effects of underlying geological features on soil nailing 313.10 Site investigation 323.11 Soil-nailing related site investigation Field trials 333.12 Soil-nailing related site investigation Chemical testing 333.13 Preliminary assessment of degradation risk 333.14 Detailed ass

8、essment of degradation risk for buried components 353.15 Detailed assessment of degradation risk for exposed components andsurfaces 35Section 4 : Basis for design 374.1 Design method 374.2 Analysis of stability 434.3 Soil nail pullout resistance 514.4 Numerical analysis 604.5 Soil nail element desig

9、n 614.6 Influence of durability and degradation on the choice of nail tendon 624.7 Design of facing 744.8 Drainage 86Section 5 : Serviceability and movements 895.1 Serviceability limit state 895.2 Serviceability limit state analysis 905.3 Estimation of movement General 905.4 Use of empirical relatio

10、nships 905.5 Numerical modelling 925.6 Case studies 92Section 6 : Design verification 936.1 Testing 936.2 Nail pullout resistance 956.3 Materials testing 1006.4 Other tests 1006.5 Monitoring 1006.6 Monitoring during construction 1006.7 Long-term or post-construction monitoring 100Section 7 : Mainten

11、ance 101Bibliography 102BRITISH STANDARD BS 8006-2:2011 The British Standards Institution 2013 iList of figuresFigure1Terms used in this standard 2Figure 2 Possible components of soil nail system, pre-bored and grouted,shown with rigid facing 9Figure3Typical soil nailing applications (new cut and ve

12、rtical cutting) 10Figure 4 Soil nail placement to preserve existing vegetation 10Figure 5 Example of soil nailing of an existing retaining structure 11Figure 6 Example of soil nailing of an embankment 12Figure 7 Bulk excavation and requirement to check overall stability 14Figure 8 Excavation toleran

13、ces 14Figure 9 Examples of the effect of pre-existing shear surfaces on soil-nailedstructures 22Figure 10 Problems caused by granular material in glacial till 23Figure 11 Adverse effects of jointing and bedding on cut slopes in weak orweathered rock 26Figure 12 Effect of groundwater on wall facing 3

14、1Figure 13 Typical dimensions of soil nailing applications based on slopeangle 38Figure 14 Relevant modes of ultimate and serviceability limit states 40Figure 15 Geometry and dimensions of a soil nailed slope 41Figure 16 Ultimate limit state modes of failure 44Figure 17 Slip circle method of slices

15、45Figure 18 Methods of resolving nail force and degree of conservatism 47Figure 19 Two-part wedge 49Figure 20 Mobilization of bond stress as a function of relative soil-nailmovement 52Figure 21 Limiting nail strength envelope 52Figure 22 Effect of far field stress on mobilized bond stress 54Figure 2

16、3 Modification of interface stresses due to far field stress changes 55Figure 24 Relationships between radial friction normalized by vertical effectivestress for a range of characteristic friction angle 55Figure 25 Modification of local interface stresses due to nail installationeffects 56Figure 26

17、Effect of test length and axial stiffness on measured averagebond 57Figure 27A25mmdiameter steel tendon with a 40 mm diameterimpermeable duct 69Figure 28 A centralizer to provide cover to a coated nail to reduce the risk ofdamage to the coating during installation 70Figure 29 A stainless steel self-

18、drilling tendon complete with drill bit, hollowtendon, coupler and head plate 70Figure 30 Calculation of required nail plate size for a given design nailforce 79Figure 31 Calculation of design loading acting on the rear of hard facing 80Figure 32 Calculation of design loading acting on a simple flex

19、ible facing 82Figure 33 Calculation of tension and deformation in flexible facing for a givendesign loading 83Figure 34 Requirements of a complex flexible facing 85Figure 35 Typical types of drainage for soil nailing 86Figure 36 Typical surface water interceptor detail above a steep soil-nailedslope

20、 87Figure 37 Example of a raking drain in a steep soil-nailed slope 87Figure 38 Typical detail for a weep hole in a steep soil-nailed wall 88Figure 39 Schematic layout of the nail load test system 98BRITISH STANDARDBS 8006-2:2011ii The British Standards Institution 2013List of tablesTable 1 Summary

21、of ground conditions best suited and less well suited to soilnailing 21Table 2 Principal types and suitability for soil nailing of non-engineered fill 29Table 3 Typical corrosion rates for uncoated steel in undisturbed groundconditions 35Table 4 Classification of surfaces exposed to the atmospheric

22、environment 36Table 5 Partial factors for soil nail design 43Table 6 Ultimate limit state approach to deriving design values 60Table 7 Types of stainless steel 65Table 8 Types of glass fibre (after Littlejohn 30) 65Table 9 Summary of recommendations for different soil nailing systems inrelation to d

23、ifferent categories of risk 73Table 10 Displacements at the top of steep soil nailed structures 91Table 11 Type of soil nail test (from BS EN 14490:2010) 94Table 12 Recommended test frequency (from BS EN 14490:2010) 95Table 13 Criteria for static loading of soil nails 97Table 14 Values of correlatio

24、n factor 99Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,pages 1 to 104, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARD BS 8006-2:2011 The British Standards Institution 2013 iiiForewordPublishing informationThis part of BS 8006 is published by BS

25、I Standards Limited, under licence fromThe British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 31 December 2011. Itwas prepared by Subcommittee B/526/4, Strengthened/reinforced soils and otherfills, under the authority of Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics. A list oforganizations represented

26、on this committee can be obtained on request to itssecretary.SupersessionTogether with BS 8006-1, this part of BS 8006 supersedes BS 8006:1995, which iswithdrawn.Relationship with other publicationsThis standard is published in two parts: Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other

27、fills Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils Part 2: Soil nail designThis part has been drafted following the principles of BS EN 1997-1:2004.Information about this documentThis part of BS 8006 was drafted to meet the specific needs of designers andinstallers of soil nails for strengthen

28、ing and/or reinforcing soil slopes.Text introduced by or altered by Corrigenda Nos. 1 and 2 is indicated in the textby tags!“and#$. Minor editorial corrections are not tagged.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this part of BS 8006 takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not

29、be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this part of BS 8006 is expected to be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in

30、the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.The recommendations in this British Standard are based on typical UK practiceand therefore might not be wholly valid in

31、other territorial or regionalenvironments. Design checks in accordance with other British or internationalStandards might be necessary.This standard is likely to be used under a variety of contractual arrangementsand forms of contract. In many cases multiple designers might be involved.Therefore, ir

32、respective of the contract form it is essential that the design of thesoil nailing element of a project is properly integrated into whole scheme andcontractual interfaces are clearly and appropriately specified within contractdocuments.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are pr

33、esented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.BRITISH STANDARDBS 8006-2:2011

34、iv The British Standards Institution 2013Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITI

35、SH STANDARD BS 8006-2:2011 The British Standards Institution 2013 vBRITISH STANDARDBS 8006-2:2011This page deliberately left blankvi The British Standards Institution 2013Section 1 : General1.1 ScopeThis part of BS 8006 gives recommendations and guidance for stabilizing soilslopes and faces using so

36、il nails. Other methods of stabilization using reinforcedsoil methods are given in BS 8006-1:2010 and both parts might be needed forcomplex structures.Additional considerations might be required for unusually loaded or high soilnailed slopes, or where they interface with other structures.Whilst BS E

37、N 1997-1:2004 specifically excludes soil nailing, this standard isintended to harmonize the design approach of soil nailing with othergeotechnical structures designed using BS EN 1997-1:2004.The principal purpose of this standard is to provide design guidance, however,where knowledge of construction

38、 methodology is required for design purposesthen appropriate paragraphs have been included. Construction guidance is givenin execution standard BS EN 14490:2010. At the time of preparation of thisstandard, CEN Technical Committee TC341 is drafting a standard covering thetesting of soil nails.Structu

39、res and processes that are similar to soil nailing but not addressed in thestandard are described in 2.3.6.1.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, th

40、e latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 8006-1:2010, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and otherfillsBS 8081, Code of practice for ground anchoragesBS EN 196 (all parts), Methods of testing concreteBS EN 197-1:2000, Cement Part 1: Composition

41、, specifications and conformitycriteria for common cementsBS EN 206-1, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production andconformityBS EN 1537, Execution of special geotechnical work Ground anchorsBS EN 1990, Eurocode Basis of structural designBS EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2 Design of concrete st

42、ructures Part 1-1: Generalrules and rules for buildingsBS EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 1: General rulesBS EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigationand testingBS EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcingsteel GeneralBS E

43、N 14487 (both parts), Sprayed concreteBS EN 14490:2010, Execution of special geotechnical works Soil nailingBRITISH STANDARD BS 8006-2:2011 The British Standards Institution 2013 1BS EN ISO 14688 (both parts), Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classification of soilBS EN ISO

44、14689-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification andclassification of rock Part 1: Identification and descriptionBS EN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Sampling methodsand groundwater measurements Part 1: Technical principles for executionBS EN ISO 22476 (all parts),

45、 Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing1.3 Terms, definitions and symbols1.3.1 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply.NOTE Some additional terms are illustrated in Figure 1.Figure 1 Terms used in this standardNOTE Other systems might not use grout/duct/couplers/

46、facing/spacers.Key1 Original ground surface2 Base of new cut3 Groundwater (drained)4 Soil nail5 Facing6 Deep drain7 Weep hole1.3.1.1 bearing plateplate connected to the head of the soil nail to transfer a component of loadfrom the facing or directly from the ground surface to the soil nailBS EN 1449

47、0:20101.3.1.2 comparable experiencedocumented or other clearly established information related to the groundbeing considered in design, involving the same types of soil and rock and forwhich similar geotechnical behaviour is expected, and involving similarstructures; information gained locally is co

48、nsidered to be particularly relevantBS EN 1997-1:2004BRITISH STANDARDBS 8006-2:20112 The British Standards Institution 20131.3.1.3 derived valuevalue of a geotechnical parameter obtained by theory, correlation or empiricismfrom test resultsBS EN 1997-1:20041.3.1.4 design lifeservice life in years re

49、quired by the designBS EN 14490:20101.3.1.5 drainage systemseries of drains, drainage layers or other means to control surface and groundwaterBS EN 14490:20101.3.1.6 facingcovering to the exposed face of the reinforced ground that may provide astabilizing function to retain the ground between soil nails, provide erosionprotection and have an aesthetic functionNOTE See Figure 1.BS EN 14490:20101.3