BS 7313-2-1990 Prosthetics and orthotics - Method of describing limb deficiencies present at birth《修复术和矫形学 先天性肢体缺陷的描述方法》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS7313-2: 1990 ISO8548-1: 1989 Prosthetics and orthotics Part2: Method of describing limb deficiencies present at birthBS7313-2:1990 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Health Care Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the authorityofthe Bo

2、ard of BSI andcomesintoeffect on 29June1990 BSI10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference HCC/9 Draft for comment86/55506 DC ISBN 0 580 18504 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted b

3、y the Health Care Standards Policy Committee (HCC/-) to Technical Committee HCC/9, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Institute of Surgical Technologists British Investment Casting Trade Association British Limbless Ex-Service Mens Association British Medical Association Briti

4、sh Narrow Fabrics Association British Orthopaedic Association British Retailers Association British Surgical Trades Association Chartered Society of Physiotherapy College of Occupational Therapists Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of Health Disablement Services Authority International Soc

5、iety for Prosthetics and Orthotics (United Kingdom National Society) Knitting Industries Federation Ltd. Malaysian Rubber Producers Research Association Man-made Fibres Producers Committee Ministry of Defence National Association of Medical and Surgical Appliance Officers National Centre for Trainin

6、g and Education in Prosthetics and Orthotics Opportunities for the Disabled Orthotic and Prosthetic Training and Education Council (OPTEC) Royal College of Nursing and National Council for Nurses of the United Kingdom Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow Royal College of Surgeons of E

7、dinburgh Royal College of Surgeons of England SATRA Footwear Technology Centre Scottish Home and Health Department Scottish Office Society of Chiropodists Surgical Appliance Manufacturers Association Vascular Surgical Society of GB Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7313-2:1

8、990 BSI 10-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Description of deficiencies 1 Annex A (informative) Examples of description of longitudinal deficiencies 5 National appendix Z Examples of descriptions

9、of longitudinaldeficiencies(corrected) 6 Figure 1 Designation of levels of transverse deficienciesofupperandlowerlimbs 2 Figure 2 Description of longitudinal deficiencies of upper limb 3 Figure 3 Description of longitudinal deficiencies of lower limb 4 Figure 4 Examples of longitudinal deficiency of

10、 upper limb 5 Figure 5 Examples of longitudinal deficiency of lower limb 5 Figure Z.1 Examples of longitudinal deficiency of an upper limb 6 Figure Z.2 Examples of longitudinal deficiency of a lower limb 6 Publication referred to Inside back coverBS7313-2:1990 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This P

11、art of BS7313 has been prepared under the direction of the Health Care Standards Policy Committee. It is identical with ISO8548-1:1989 “Prosthetics and orthotics Limb deficiencies Part1: Method of describing limb deficiencies present at birth”, published by the International Organization for Standar

12、dization (ISO). Prior to1961 there was little or no agreement over the terms used to describe congenital skeletal limb deficiencies. In that year Frantz and ORahilly published a classification in the USA which attempted to provide a comprehensive system of nomenclature. At the same time a different

13、system was in use in Europe. Although both systems used terms derived from Greek roots there was little similarity. Since then a number of attempts have been made to prepare a unified system and in1973 the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO) formed an international working par

14、ty whose task was to produce a single acceptable classification. Early agreement was reached that this classification should apply only to those deficiencies which result from a failure of formation of parts and, moreover, should describe them in simple anatomical terms avoiding words directly deriv

15、ed from Greek or Latin roots. The ISPO working party produced such a classification which was tested in a number of centres. In brief, this classification described all such deficiencies as either “transverse” or “longitudinal”. Transverse deficiencies included all those in which the affected limb h

16、as developed proximodistally to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist and, thus, the limb would resemble an amputation stump. Such deficiencies were described by the level at which the limb terminated. The longitudinal type of deficiency included all other deficiencies in which

17、one or more bones might be partially or totally absent and, in this case, the absent bone(s) were individually named. This Part of BS7313 is closely based on the ISPO classification, but users of this standard should also be aware of the WHO International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities

18、and Handicaps, published by the World Health Organization, Geneva,1980. This latter, although it has similar objectives, is more complex because of its different approach. Other Parts and Sections of BS7313 include: Section1.1: Glossary of general terms relating to external limb prostheses and exter

19、nal orthoses; Section1.2: Glossary of terms relating to external limb prostheses and wearers of external limb prostheses; Section1.3: Glossary of terms relating to external orthoses; Part3: Method of describing lower limb amputation stumps 1) ; Part4: Method of describing upper limb amputation stump

20、s 1) . 1) In preparation. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding British Standard BS7313 Prosthetics and orthotics ISO8549-1:1989 Section1.1:1990 Glossary of general terms relating to external limb prostheses and external orthoses (Identical) ISO8549-2:1989 Section1.2:1990 Glossary of

21、 terms relating to external limb prostheses and wearers of external limb prostheses (Identical)BS7313-2:1990 BSI 10-1999 iii Textual errors. When adopting the text of the International Standard, errors in Figure 4 and Figure 5 were discovered. These errors have been reported to ISO in a proposal to

22、amend the text of the International Standard. The correct figures are reproduced in National appendix Z. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Stan

23、dard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi to iv, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated

24、. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankBS7313-2:1990 BSI 10-1999 1 1 Scope This part of ISO8548 establishes a method for describing deficiencies of the upper and lower limbs present at birth. It describes only those bone deficiencies that are due to a failu

25、re of formation of parts, and it does so on anatomical and radiological bases. No attempt has been made to attribute any etiological or epidemiological factors. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part

26、 of ISO8548. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO8548 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC

27、and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO8549-1:1989, Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part1: General terms. ISO8549-2:1989, Prosthetics and orthotics Vocabulary Part2: Terms relating to external limb prostheses and wearers of these prostheses. 3 Definitions For

28、the purposes of this part of ISO8548, the definitions given in ISO8549-1 and ISO8549-2 apply. 4 Description of deficiencies 4.1 General Initially describe the deficiency as “transverse” or “longitudinal” and then describe further each type of deficiency as indicated in4.2 or4.3 as appropriate. In ca

29、ses where a patient has deficiencies of more than one limb, describe each deficiency separately. 4.2 Transverse deficiencies Describe transverse deficiencies as follows: a) State the side (left or right) of the patient affected. b) State the limb (upper or lower) affected. c) State the level of the

30、deficiency as shown in Figure 1. 4.3 Longitudinal deficiencies Describe longitudinal deficiencies as follows and as indicated in Figure 2 and Figure 3: a) State the side (left or right) of the patient affected. b) State the limb (upper or lower) affected. c) For the bones of the shoulder and pelvic

31、girdles and the long bones of the limbs, state the name of the bone(s) affected. For a metacarpal bone, a metatarsal bone and the phalanges, state the number of the digit affected. Number the metacarpals or metatarsals and the corresponding phalanges from the radial and tibial sides respectively and

32、 number the “thumb” and “great toe” as “1”. NOTEWhen referring collectively to a metacarpal, or a metatarsal, and its corresponding phalanges, the term “ray” may be used. d) State the extent of deficiency of each bone, progressing from the most proximal bone to the most distal, as follows: 1) Should

33、er/pelvic girdles State which bones are totally absent and which bones are partially absent. In the case of partial deficiencies, identify and state the part of the bone that is absent. 2) Humerus, radius and ulna; femur, tibia and fibula State which bones are totally absent and which bones are part

34、ially absent. In the case of partial deficiencies, state the approximate fraction of the bone that is absent and the position (e.g.proximal, distal) of the deficiency. 3) Carpus; tarsus State if the carpus or tarsus is totally absent or if it is partially absent (i.e.some carpal or tarsal bones are

35、present). NOTEFurther description of partial deficiencies by means of naming or enumerating individual bones may be added. 4) Metacarpals; metatarsals State which bones are totally absent and which bones are partially absent. NOTEFurther description of partial deficiencies by means of stating the po

36、sition (i.e.proximal or distal) of the deficiency may be added. 5) Phalanges State which phalanges are totally absent and which phalanges are partially absent. NOTEFurther description of partial deficiencies by means of naming the affected phalanx (i.e.proximal, intermediate or distal) may be added.

37、 e) State the presence of hypoplasia, if appropriate, for any bone that has not been described as either totally absent or partially absent. NOTEExamples of various longitudinal deficiencies and their descriptions according to the principles of this Standard are given in Annex A . In instances of pa

38、rtial longitudinal deficiencies, more detailed descriptions of the affected bones may be added, but such descriptions do not come within the scope of this part of ISO8548.BS7313-2:1990 2 BSI 10-1999 NOTETotal absence of the shoulder or hemipelvis (and all distal elements) is a transverse deficiency.

39、 If only a portion of the shoulder or hemipelvis is absent, the deficiency is of the longitudinal type. Figure 1 Designation of levels of transverse deficiencies of upper and lower limbsBS7313-2:1990 BSI 10-1999 3 1) The digits of the hand are sometimes referred to by name; that is:1, thumb;2, index

40、 finger;3, middle finger;4, ring finger, and5, little (or small) finger. This method is deprecated because it is not equally applicable to the foot. Figure 2 Description of longitudinal deficiencies of upper limbBS7313-2:1990 4 BSI 10-1999 1) Great toe. Figure 3 Description of longitudinal deficienc

41、ies of lower limbBS7313-2:1990 BSI 10-1999 5 Annex A (informative) Examples of description of longitudinal deficiencies NOTEThe missing parts are shown in black. NOTEThe missing parts are shown in black. Figure 4 Examples of longitudinal deficiency ofupper limb Figure 5 Examples of longitudinal defi

42、ciency of lower limb 2)See national foreword and National appendix Z for details of error in figures.BS7313-2:1990 6 BSI 10-1999 National appendix Z Examples of descriptions of longitudinal deficiencies(corrected) Figure4 and Figure5 of ISO8548-1:1989 were incorrectly reproduced by ISO. These figure

43、s should be replaced by Figure Z.1 and Figure Z.2, respectively. NOTEThe missing parts are shown in black. NOTEThe missing parts are shown in black. Figure Z.1 Examples of longitudinal deficiencies of an upper limb Figure Z.2 Examples of longitudinal deficiencies of an lower limbBS7313-2:1990 BSI 10

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