BS 7184-2001 Selection use and maintenance of chemical protective clothing - Guidance《化学防护服装的选择、使用和维护指南》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7184:2001 Selection, use and maintenance of chemical protective clothing Guidance ICS 13.340.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS 7184:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector

2、Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 6 December 2001 BSI 6 December 2001 First published 1989 Second edition December 2001 The following BSI references relate to the work on this British Standard: Committee reference PH/3/

3、3 Draft for comment 00/563906 DC ISBN 0 580 38614 7 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/3, Protective clothing, to Subcommittee PH/3/3, Clothing for protection against chemicals, upon which the following bo

4、dies were represented: British Clothing Industry Association British Measurement and Testing Association British Safety Industry Federation British Textile Technology Group Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association European Trade Association of the Nonwovens Fire Brigades Union Health and

5、Safety Executive Home Office Institute of Occupational Medicine Institution of Occupational Safety and Health London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority MAFF Personal Safety Manufacturers Association SATRA Technology Centre Textile Services Association Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd.

6、 No. Date CommentsBS 7184:2001 BSI 6 December 2001 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4R i s k a s s e s s m e n t 3 5 Levels of protection available 7 6 Selection of garment material 10 7 Garment sele

7、ction criteria 12 8 Physiological protection 12 9 Use and maintenance 12 Annex A (informative) Legislative requirements 15 Annex B (informative) Sources of guidance on items of PPE not covered by this document 16 Annex C (informative) Further sources of information 17 Annex D (informative) Labels 20

8、 Bibliography 21 Figure 1 Assessment of the need for protection 6 Table 1 Description of types of garment available 8 Table 2 Type of garment linked to possible hazard to be encountered 9BS 7184:2001 ii BSI 6 December 2001 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the P

9、ersonal safety equipment standards policy committee, PH/3/3. It is a revision of BS 7184:1989. At the time of publication of the British Standard, no corresponding International Standard exists. The need to consider the provision of suitable personal protective clothing and equipment in the workplac

10、e arises when it is not reasonably practicable to provide an adequate level of protection by other means such as engineering or systems control. Although particularly applicable to industry, this British Standard might also be relevant to others, e.g. in educational establishments and the field of d

11、o-it-yourself activities who need to select and use chemical protective clothing. In Great Britain, the legal requirements governing the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in general, and chemical protective clothing in particular, are contained in the Personal Protective Equipment Regulatio

12、ns 1992 (SI 1998 No 543), the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations (SI 1987 No 2115 as amended by SI 1992 No 3068 and SI 1998 No 3235) and the Ionizing Radiations Regulations (SI 1999 No 3232). Attention is drawn to regulations concerning protective clothing that could apply to specific industrie

13、s, e.g. the Control of Lead at Work Regulations (SI 1998 No 543), the Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations (SI 1987 No 2115 as amended by SI 1992 No 3068 and SI 1998 No 3235), the Ionizing Radiations Regulations (SI 1999 No 3232), and to the general provisions of the Health and Safety at Work etc

14、. Act 1974. The general recommendations given in the standard have been developed in the light of present knowledge concerning the principles that apply to govern the selection, use and maintenance of clothing offering some degree of protection to the skin against occupational exposure to chemicals.

15、 The attitude of the employer, management and employees is vital in promoting the effective use of protective clothing. The danger arising from the use of chemicals varies widely according to the nature of the chemical hazard and the way in which the chemicals are used. Thus, in considering the exte

16、nt to which the details of the guidance given in this standard should be applied (in particular to the testing and maintenance of garments and the training of operators), employers and other authorities should be guided by decisions that are justified by reference to the specific circumstances of th

17、e work place in question. Annex A, Annex B, Annex C and Annex D are informative. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself

18、confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 21 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS 7184:2001 BSI 6 December 2001 1 In

19、troduction Where a chemical hazard exists in the workplace, it is important to assess whether the risk of exposure to chemicals can be avoided or reduced to as low a level as is reasonably practicable. This can be achieved by providing safe working practices, which can include the use of chemical pr

20、otective clothing. Consideration of requirements for chemical protective clothing comes only after all other exposure mitigation measures have been considered and a reasonable effort has been made to implement them. This means that the role of chemical protective clothing in reducing an individuals

21、potential remaining health risk is firmly established in the correct context. The performance requirements for chemical protective clothing necessary to control a remaining exposure risk is characterized in terms of the quantity, presentation and likelihood of contamination by the hazardous chemical

22、. Annex A shows how this approach is implemented in Great Britain through health and safety legislation. (The legal framework differs in Northern Ireland, but the same principles apply.) 1 Scope This British Standard provides guidance on the selection, use and maintenance of chemical protective clot

23、hing where it is has been established that the use of such clothing in one form or another is necessary for the task to be undertaken. The standard is primarily intended for users, specifiers and others who have responsibility for the procurement and provision of chemical protective clothing. The st

24、andard is intended to assist in choosing the correct type of chemical protective clothing for the task to be undertaken, and to help ensure that it is used in the correct manner and continues to provide the protection for which it was intended during the lifetime of the clothing. For the purposes of

25、 this standard, chemical protective clothing is clothing which is used to protect the skin against contact with solids, liquids and gases. This includes asbestos but excludes microbiological or radioactive hazards. The standard does not relate to clothing intended to protect either a product or an e

26、nvironment from contamination by personnel wearing the clothing. Chemical protective clothing can be a combination of specific individual items or garments. This standard contains advice relating to some such individual items but excludes advice on certain other items where such advice is to be foun

27、d elsewhere, for example eye protection, boots and gloves (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of,

28、 any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS EN 340:1993, Protective clothing General requirements. BS EN 368:1993, Protective clothing Protection against liquid chemicals Test method: Resistance of materials to penetr

29、ation by liquids. BS EN 369:1993, Protective clothing Protection against liquid chemicals Test method: Resistance of materials to permeation by liquids. BS EN 374-3:1994, Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms Part 3: Determination of resistance to permeation by chemicals. BS EN 464

30、:1994, Protective clothing Protection against liquid and gaseous chemicals, including liquid aerosols and solid particles Test method: Determination of leak-tightness of gas-tight suits (Internal Pressure Test). BS EN 466-1:1995, Protective clothing Protection against liquid chemicals Part 1: Perfor

31、mance requirements for chemical protective clothing with liquid-tight connections between different parts of the clothing (Type 3 equipment).BS 7184:2001 2 BSI 6 December 2001 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Where ava

32、ilable, these definitions have been taken from a list prepared by the European committee CEN/TC162/WG1. 3.1 air-impermeable materials materials through which gases cannot pass except by undergoing a process of solution 3.2 air-permeable materials materials having pores or apertures that allow the tr

33、ansmission of gases 3.3 breakthrough time elapsed time between the initial application of a chemical to the appropriate surface of the material and its subsequent presence on the other side of the material 3.4 chemical hazard potential of a chemical to cause harm or damage to the health of the human

34、 body 3.5 chemical protective clothing CPC combined assembly of garments worn to provide protection to the skin against exposure to or contact with chemicals 3.6 degradation deleterious change in one or more mechanical properties of a material due to contact with a chemical NOTE This is distinct fro

35、m general mechanical wear and tear which any garment will suffer in use. However, the two forms of damage can be mutually detrimental to performance. 3.7 garment single item of clothing which consists of single or multiple layers 3.8 gas-tight chemical protective clothing chemical protective clothin

36、g which is leak-tight when tested in accordance with the internal pressure test given in BS EN 464:1994 3.9 limited use chemical protective clothing chemical protective clothing for limited duration of use, i.e. to be worn until hygienic cleaning becomes necessary or chemical contamination has occur

37、red and disposal is required NOTE This also includes protective clothing for single use and for limited re-use according to the information supplied by the manufacturer. 3.10 liquid-tight chemical protective clothing chemical protective clothing which is resistant to penetration by liquids in the fo

38、rm of a continuous jet 3.11 penetration process by which a chemical moves through porous materials, seams, pinholes or other imperfections in a material on a non-molecular level NOTE When applied to a garment, penetration also includes contaminants which can enter the garment through neck and cuff o

39、penings or closures, or the spread of contaminants to the inside as a result of poor donning practice.BS 7184:2001 BSI 6 December 2001 3 3.12 permeation process by which a chemical moves through a material on a molecular level NOTE Permeation involves: a) sorption of molecules of the chemical into t

40、he contacted (outside) surface of the material; b) diffusion of the sorbed molecules in the material; c) desorption of the molecules from the opposite (inner) surface of the material. 3.13 personal protective equipment PPE protective equipment, including chemical protective clothing, headgear intend

41、ed to protect the top and other parts of the head against mechanical impact, eye protection, respiratory protective equipment, and other forms of personal protection equipment 3.14 re-usable chemical protective clothing chemical protective clothing which can be cleaned in accordance with the manufac

42、turers instructions and reused 3.15 risk probability of a specific undesired event occurring so that a specific hazard is realized 4 Risk assessment 4.1 Understanding the hazard Assessing the risk 4.1.1 Sources of data Any chemical should be regarded as a substance potentially hazardous to health. I

43、nformation on the hazards presented by a specific chemical supplied for use in a workplace, including any pure substance or formulated preparation, should be provided by the supplier. NOTE 1 This is a requirement by law. Suppliers have a legal duty to label the containers of hazardous substances wit

44、h standard warning symbols and risk and safety phrases appropriate to the hazard presented by the contents. Suppliers of dangerous substances also have a duty (Health and Safety at Work etc. Act, 1974, Section 6 1) to ensure that: a) their products are safe, so far as it is reasonably practicable, a

45、nd without risks to health when properly used; b) users are advised of any hazards involved and (where appropriate) to indicate suitable protective clothing. NOTE 2 In addition to container labels, requirements for notification of hazards to users are addressed by the supply of Materials Safety Data

46、 Sheet (or equivalent) with all consignments of relevant product. Materials Safety Data Sheets are often a good source of information about specific hazards relating to chemicals or formulations. For some substances encountered in the workplace, safety data sheets might not be readily available. It

47、might be necessary to search out further sources of information, and examples of these are given in Annex C.BS 7184:2001 4 BSI 6 December 2001 4.1.2 Assessment of the nature of chemical hazard The following considerations should be taken into account in assessing the nature of the chemical hazard in

48、 the light of the information obtained from the sources given in 4.1.1. a) Corrosive chemicals can destroy the skin and flesh by direct attack. Other chemicals such as petrol, paint, solvents and cleaning fluids can dissolve the skins natural oils, leaving the skin dry and liable to form painful cra

49、cks or to develop dermatitis and/or sensitization. Such damage to the skin, together with any existent cuts and grazes, provide entry points for foreign substances and thus increase the risk of harm to the body. b) Chemicals can pass through the skin and be carried in the bloodstream resulting in injury to other parts of the body that are remote from the initial point of contact. c) Chemicals can also gain access to the body via, for example, the eyes, respiratory and digestive tract. d) The bodys tolerance and rate of elimination of a foreig