BS 6187-2011 Code of practice for full and partial demolition《全部和部分拆除的实施规程》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS 6187:2011Code of practice for full andpartial demolitionPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas

2、last issued. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 65566 1ICS 91.200The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard:Committee reference B/513Draft for comment 11/30153572 DCPublication historyFirst published as CP 94 in 1971First published as BS 6187 in 1982Second edition published September 2000T

3、hird (present) edition, December 2011Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS 6187:2011 BRITISH STANDARDContentsForeword iiiIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions 24 Approaches to demolition 85 Planning and managing projects (see Figure 3) 146 Procureme

4、nt 267 Knowledge of the site (see Figure 5) 298 Decommissioning procedures (see Figure 6) 389 Identifying structural hazards (see Figure 7) 4210 Health hazards (see Figure 8) 4611 Health and safety of people on or off site (see Figure 9) 5212 Protection of people and the environment (see Figure 10)

5、6513 Safe working spaces and exclusion zones (see Figure 11) 7514 Structural demolition: Principles, mechanisms and hazards (seeFigure 20) 8815 Avoidance of unplanned structural collapses (see Figure 21) 9416 Temporary structures for stability, support and access (see Figure 22) 9817 Demolition tech

6、niques (see Figure 23) 10318 Materials handling and processing 11619 Typical demolition methods for various types of structure (see Figure25) 12120 Completion of the works 134AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Training and competencies 136Annex B (informative) Legislation, statutory regulations, codes of

7、practice andguidance relevant to demolition 137Annex C (informative) Useful contacts for demolition work 139Annex D (informative) Heritage 142Annex E (informative) Demolition waste protocols 144Annex F (normative) Hazards associated with prestressed materials 146Bibliography 152List of figuresFigure

8、 1 Outline route map viFigure 2 Base machine, equipment and attachments 3Figure 3 Route map for Clause 5 13Figure 4 Flowchart for maintaining structural stability 18Figure 5 Route map for Clause 7 29Figure 6 Route map for Clause 8 38Figure 7 Route map for Clause 9 42Figure 8 Route map for Clause 10

9、46Figure 9 Route map for Clause 11 52Figure 10 Route map for Clause 12 65Figure 11 Route map for Clause 13 75Figure 12 Terminology of designed exclusion zone and its constituent parts(typical for controlled explosive demolition) 77Figure 13 Example of designed exclusion zone showing practical applic

10、ation(typical for controlled explosive demolition) 78Figure 14 Example of designed exclusion zone showing phased and partialdemolition (typical for controlled explosive demolition) 79Figure 15 Example of reduced exclusion zone by the use of containment(typical for floor-by-floor or top-down demoliti

11、on) 80BRITISH STANDARD BS 6187:2011 BSI 2011 iFigure 16 Example of safe working space within an exclusion zone (typical formechanical reduction or top-down demolition employing mechanical plant,etc.) 81Figure 17 Plan of typical progressive demolition sequence, column-to-columnmaintaining a “square”

12、to provide lateral support 82Figure 18 Elevation: typical multistorey structure demolition sequence working“top down” outwards towards the shear walls (strong points), i.e. lift shafts andstairwells 82Figure 19 Plan of demolition sequence working inwards and outwards towardsthe structural elements p

13、roviding stability, such as shear walls 83Figure 20 Route map for Clause 14 87Figure 21 Route map for Clause 15 94Figure 22 Route map for Clause 16 98Figure 23 Route map for Clause 17 102Figure 24 Route map of 17.11 109Figure 25 Route map for Clause 19 119Figure 25 Route map for Clause 19 (continued

14、) 120Figure E.1 The 2008 ICE Demolition Protocol 17 146List of tablesTable 1 Determining the significance of demolition activities on structuralstability 8Table2Types of structural refurbishment 12Table3Types of survey and levels and information that might be revealed bysurveys 30Table 4 Examples of

15、 types and purposes of building and structureinvestigation 35Table 5 Key features to be sampled for potential hazards 36Table 6 Areas of an exclusion zone 76Table 7 Examples of hazards related to the areas of an exclusion zone 85Table C.1 Useful contacts for demolition work 139Summary of pagesThis d

16、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to vi,pages 1 to 158, an inside back cover and a back cover.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6187:2011ii BSI 2011ForewordPublishing informationThis British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on31 December 2011. It was prepared by BSI P

17、anel B/513/-/9, under the authorityof Technical Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant and site safety.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.SupersessionBS 6187:2011 supersedes BS 6187:2000, which is withdrawn.Information about th

18、is documentThis standard has been revised to reflect advances in technology and equipmentin the demolition industry, and to give recommendations on the followingprincipal areas.a) Project development and management, site assessments, risk assessments,decommissioning procedures, environmental provisi

19、ons and facaderetention.b) Deconstruction techniques, including activities for reuse and recycling.c) Exclusion zones and safe working spaces, including their design andapplication.Recommendations for methods of, and techniques for, demolition and partialdemolition, including for structural refurbis

20、hment, have been retained, withconsideration of specific types of structure, but the text has been significantlyupdated to reflect current and developing good practices. By being lessprescriptive, this edition also allows for innovative techniques and methods tobe employed.Use of this documentAs a c

21、ode of practice, this British Standard takes the form of guidance andrecommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification andparticular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are notmisleading.Any user claiming compliance with this British Standard is expected to

22、be able tojustify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.It has been assumed in the preparation of this British Standard that theexecution of its provisions will be entrusted to appropriately qualified andexperienced people, for whose use it has been produced.Presentational conv

23、entionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Itsrecommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliaryverb is “should”.Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented insmaller italic type, and does not constitute a nor

24、mative element.Contractual and legal considerationsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legalobligations.BRITISH STANDARD BS 6187:2011 B

25、SI 2011 iiiBRITISH STANDARDBS 6187:2011This page deliberately left blankiv BSI 2011IntroductionThis code of practice concerns the process of demolition, including demolition aspart of structural refurbishment, from initial considerations, through planningand design to the execution stages (see Figur

26、e 1).The word “demolition” is often misconstrued to mean “large scale” or toinvolve the complete removal of a structure or building. However, the removalof a single element or the part removal of a structure or building alsoconstitutes demolition. This standard is therefore intended to be applicable

27、 tothose involved with all demolition activities, however large or small, includingthose undertaking partial demolition, which might be for structuralrefurbishment projects. Trade contractors unfamiliar with the vagaries ofdemolition activities required for structural refurbishment are advised to se

28、ekthe advice of a competent practitioner. It is important to note that this standarddoes not cover all aspects of structural refurbishment; rather it is applicable onlyto those activities involving partial demolition.Route maps have been included at the beginning of most clauses. These are notintend

29、ed to be process flowcharts, but to guide the user through theinformation in the text. This is particularly in respect of the hierarchy andinterdependence of use of the clauses and subclauses, which might not alwaysbe obvious because of the complexity of the demolition processes and the widecoverage

30、 of this document. Such projects, from inception to completion, includenumerous activities, many of which are iterative and which require revisiting.For example, as the project moves through the tender process to contractacceptance and on to site operations, planned methods of work will bedeveloped

31、and augmented further at each stage.This code of practice has been written on the understanding that the executionof its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent peopleand organizations. Competence is about being able to do the work safely,without endangering others, and meet

32、ing the legal health and safetyrequirements. Clients and procurers of demolition works have a key role andhave to take reasonable steps to ensure that those appointed or engaged bythem are competent for what they are expected to do. Similarly, those acceptingsuch appointments ought only to do so if

33、they are competent to undertake thedemolition or partial demolition activity.BRITISH STANDARD BS 6187:2011 BSI 2011 vFigure 1 Outline route mapBRITISH STANDARDBS 6187:2011vi BSI 20111 ScopeThis British Standard gives good practice recommendations for the demolition(both full and partial) of faciliti

34、es, including buildings and structures. Thisstandard is therefore applicable to demolition activities undertaken as part ofstructural refurbishment. It also covers decommissioning.In particular, the standard gives recommendations for:a) the proper and effective management of demolition processes, in

35、cludingthose forming part of structural refurbishment;b) maintaining structural stability, including through the provision oftemporary structural support, where necessary;c) managing deliberate structural collapse;d) identifying and establishing responsibilities during all phases of thedemolition pr

36、ocesses;e) acquiring a knowledge of the site, including its former uses;f) managing environmental issues;g) managing health and safety hazards;h) carrying out risk assessments and planning the work accordingly;i) establishing and managing procedures effectively;j) determining and managing safe exclu

37、sion zones.The standard takes into account safety, health and issues that affect theprotection of the environment.For the purposes of this standard, demolition activities include, for example,activities that might be known as dismantling, disassembling, demounting,partial demolition, removal, decomm

38、issioning, deconstruction and soft stripping,and structural refurbishment, including renovation, rehabilitation, rebuilding,remodelling, reconstruction, redevelopment, restoration, renewal, replanting,development, enlargement, extending, augmenting, conservation, modifications,alterations, structura

39、l alterations, upgrading and reroofing.This standard is not applicable to all structural refurbishment activities; onlythose involving partial demolition.It is essential that those carrying out demolition activities possess the necessarylevels of competence. Clients or procurers of demolition works

40、need to ensurethat all contractors, designers and other team members that they propose toengage or appoint are competent to comply with the health and safetyrequirements necessary to undertake demolition activities. Annex A givesguidance on the training and competence required for the activities cov

41、ered bythis standard.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application ofthis document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.BS 5228-1,

42、 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction andopen sites Part 1: NoiseBS 5228-2, Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction andopen sites Part 2: VibrationBRITISH STANDARD BS 6187:2011 BSI 2011 1BS 5607:1998, Code of practice for safe use of explosives in

43、 the constructionindustryBS 5837, Trees in relation to construction RecommendationsBS 5930:1999+A2:2010, Code of practice for site investigationsBS 5975, Code of practice for temporary works procedures and the permissiblestress design of falseworkBS 6100, Building and civil engineering VocabularyBS

44、6164, Code of practice for health and safety in tunnelling in the constructionindustryBS 7121-1, Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part 1: GeneralBS 7121-2, Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part 2: Inspection, testingand examinationBS 7121-3, Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part

45、 3: Mobile cranesBS 7121-4, Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part 4: Lorry loadersBS 7121-5, Code of practice for safe use of cranes Part 5: Tower cranesBS 10175, Investigation of potentially contaminated sites Code of practiceBS EN 1991-1-6, Eurocode 1 Actions on structures Part 1-6: General

46、 actions Actions during executionBS EN 12811-1, Temporary works equipment Part 1: Scaffolds Performancerequirements and general design3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this British Standard, the terms and definitions given inBS 6100 and the following apply.3.1 adjoining ownersfreeholders, o

47、wners, lessees, tenants and/or occupiers of a property adjoiningthe site of workNOTE The term “adjoining owners” has a specific meaning under the Party Walletc. Act 1996 1.3.2 attachmentassembly of components forming the working tool that can be mounted ontothe base machine or (optional) equipment f

48、or specific useNOTE See Figure 2.BRITISH STANDARDBS 6187:20112 BSI 2011Figure 2 Base machine, equipment and attachmentsKey1 Equipment 5 Protective cage over and in front of operativescabin (and to the sides if appropriate)2 Optional extension3 Dipper arm 6 Examples of optional attachments4 Boom 7 Ba

49、se machineNOTE 1 This is an example. The equipment and attachments can differ.NOTE 2 The protective cage needs to provide a falling object protection structure (FOPS) and a falling objectguard screen (FOGS). It might also provide a roll-over protective structure (ROPS).3.3 base machinemachine without equipment and attachment that includes the mountingsnecessary to secure equipment, as requiredNOTE For example, operator protective structures for demolition. See Fig