ASTM F2278-2010 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting.pdf

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1、Designation: F2278 10An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluating Paintball Barrier Netting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard is intended to provide a basic test method that would allow the user to determine theeffectiveness of pai

3、ntball barrier netting. The use of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playingfacilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier nettingtechnology. The intent is to revise

4、this specification whenever substantive information becomesavailable which justifies revising existing requirements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate paintball barriernetting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chrono-graph areas, target ranges

5、, and other “goggle-on” areas of anactive paintball site. An apparatus is suggested to evaluatepaintball barrier netting in a laboratory. On site testing does notrequire such an apparatus.1.2 This standard is designed to be used in conjunction withGuide F2184.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to

6、 be regarded as thestandard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health

7、 practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport ofPaintballF2184 Guide for Installation of Paintball Barrier NettingF2272 Specification for Paintball Markers3. Terminolo

8、gy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 “goggles-on” area, nareas in which all persons arerequired to wear paintball goggles, such as and not limited toplaying fields, game areas, chronograph areas, and targetranges.3.1.2 muzzle, nthe end of the paintball marker throughwhich the p

9、aintball is discharged, also referred to as the end ofthe barrel.3.1.3 paintball, na spherical ball, commonly with a diam-eter of 17.3 mm (0.68 in.), comprised of a shell and a fill,designed to be expelled from a paintball marker and conformsto Specification F1979.3.1.4 paintball barrier netting, nn

10、etting used in the sportof paintball as a protective barrier.3.1.5 paintball marker, na device specifically designed todischarge paintballs. The device is sometimes referred to as apaintball gun.3.1.6 playing field, nan area delineated by a boundarymarker, in which paintball games are conducted.3.1.

11、7 shell, na rigid to semi-rigid material (generally ofgelatin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.3.1.8 standard ambient temperature (SAT), nused to de-scribe a substance at a temperature of 25 6 2C (77 6 4F).4. Significance and Use4.1 This method is performed to evaluate if paintball barrier

12、netting will prevent an intact paintball or shell fragmentsexceeding 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) from passingthrough the netting.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.24 onPaintball

13、and Equipment.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2278 03. DOI:10.1520/F2278-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.

14、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 This test method provides accurate results about thecurrent eff

15、ectiveness of the test specimen when field-tested inan existing installation. Laboratory results are particularlyuseful for testing the relative effectiveness of multiple testspecimens.4.3 The results stemming from the use of this test methodmay be used to evaluate the effectiveness of paintball bar

16、riernetting represented by the test specimen for use in delineating“goggles-on” areas found at paintball playing fields.4.4 The base procedure outlined below is applicable to“field-testing.” Additional requirements for “laboratory” test-ing are noted.5. Interferences5.1 Laboratory testing does not a

17、ccount for variations thatcan be found in field tests. These variations include and are notlimited to temperature, UV exposure, wind direction, precipi-tation, and method of installation.5.1.1 This test method is also useful to evaluate the relativeperformance of one test specimen to another, partic

18、ularly in thelaboratory.6. Apparatus6.1 Paintball Marker, capable of discharging paintballshorizontally at a speed of 94.5 6 6 m/s (310 6 20 ft/s) andconforming to Specification F2272.6.2 Paintballs, per Specification F1979.6.3 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testpaintball shall be us

19、ed in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions to measure the velocity of paintballs and shall beaccurate to within 60.5 m/s (61.6 ft/s) muzzle velocity.6.4 An appropriate backstop placed 30.5 6 2.5 cm (12 6 1in.) directly behind and parallel to the test specimen. Thebackstop shall be a minimum

20、 of 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.) highand 122 6 5cm(486 2 in.). The backstop shall be a hard,smooth surface that can withstand the impact of a paintball andcan be readily cleaned (see Fig. 1).6.5 If testing in a laboratory, the following apparatus shallbe used:6.5.1 Paintball Barrier Netting Rack, see Figs.

21、2 and 3. Thisrack is capable of holding the 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.) testspecimen off the floor and providing vertical support 122 6 1cm (48 6 0.5 in.) apart at the center of the test specimen (seeFigs. 2 and 3). The bottom crossbar must have a minimumlength of 2.74 m (108 in.) and a weight of 5.6 6 0.1

22、 kg (12.36 0.2 lb).7. Hazards7.1 Failure of the test specimen, particularly if an intactpaintball passes through the test specimen, will render the testspecimen unusable until the test specimen is repaired orreplaced.8. Test Specimen8.1 The test specimen shall consist of paintball barriernetting ins

23、talled in actual use conditions, or8.2 For laboratory test only:8.2.1 The top of the test specimen is draped over the topcrossbar and fastened to itself with tie-wraps spaced 15.2 6 1cm (6 6 0.5 in.) apart. The tie-wraps must encircle the topcrossbar.8.2.2 The bottom of the test specimen is draped o

24、ver thebottom crossbar (on the same side as the top) and fastened toitself with tie-wraps spaced 15.2 6 1cm(66 0.5 in.) apart,such that the overall length of the test specimen, including thepipes, is 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.). The tie-wraps must encirclethe bottom crossbar.8.2.3 The test specimen is susp

25、ended on the test rack withthe paintball barrier netting flush, against the test rack and nottouching the floor.8.3 The test specimen shall have a minimum horizontaldimension of 305 6 5 cm (120 6 2 in.) and a minimumvertical dimension of 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.).9. Conditioning9.1 The paintball barrier

26、netting to be tested will be condi-tioned for at least 4 h. If tested in a laboratory, the paintballbarrier netting will be conditioned at SAT.9.2 All testing shall be done using paintballs manufacturedwithin the previous eight months.9.3 Paintball storage and the non-test handling shall be doneat a

27、 relative humidity below 65 % and at SAT.9.4 Paintballs shall be conditioned in their original sealedcontainer for at least4hatthehumidity and temperaturespecified in 9.1.9.5 The testing shall be conducted at SAT for laboratorytests. Testing shall be completed within 10 min after removal ofthe paint

28、ball from the sealed container. The paintball containershall be resealed immediately after each paintball is removed.10. Procedure10.1 The paintball marker shall be adjusted so that thevelocity of a paintball discharged from the marker will be 94.56 6 m/s (310 6 20 ft/s).10.2 The muzzle of the paint

29、ball marker shall be placed at adistance of 4.6 m (15 ft) from the test specimen.10.3 The muzzle of the paintball marker shall be placednominally normal to the test specimen, at a distance of 154 615 cm (60 6 6 in.) from the bottom and centered horizontallyto the middle of the test specimen.10.3.1 I

30、f an area to be tested is above 154 6 15 cm (60 66 in.), the bottom of the test specimen, the muzzle, will beFIG. 1 Testing Apparatus LayoutF2278 102maintained at 154 6 15 cm (60 6 6 in.) and the marker aimedat the test are, immediately vertical from the nominally normalposition.10.4 In a safe manne

31、r, discharge ten paintballs that impactthe test specimen at a distance of 4.6 m (15 ft) within a 15.4 cm(6 in.) diameter circle centered 154 6 15 cm (60 6 6 in.) fromthe bottom and centered horizontally to the middle of the testspecimen, at 1-s intervals between discharges.10.5 Observe any material

32、passing through the paintballbarrier netting, noting if the netting allows intact paintballs orshell fragments greater than 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) topass through.10.6 Paintball barrier netting that does allow an intactpaintball or a shell fragment larger than 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by0.197 in.) to

33、 pass through during this test procedure will berecorded as failed.10.7 Record the date, time, air temperature, atmosphericpressure, relative humidity, and results of the test at the time oftesting.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No precision statement on the test method is availableat this time.12. Keyw

34、ords12.1 paintball; paintball barrier netting; paintball markers;paintball sportsFIG. 2 Netting Test Rack (Front View)F2278 103ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are

35、expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not re

36、vised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you

37、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United S

38、tates. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 3 Netting Test Rack (Side View)F2278 104