ASTM F2216-2017a Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment《选定了强度的设备的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2216 17F2216 17a An American National StandardStandard Specification forSelectorized Strength Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye

2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices forselectorized strength

3、training equipment. Through these specifications, this specification aims to assistdesigners and manufactures in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used inaccordance with the operational instructions.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not n

4、ecessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving selectorized strength training equipmentinvolves the risk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained.In addition, users with physical limitations should seek medical advice and

5、instruction from the fitnessfacility prior to using this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude somepersons from using this equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment mayincrease the risk of injury.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parame

6、ters for the design and manufacture of selectorized strength training equipment asdefined in 3.1.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in an indoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this standard to specify fitness products for use only by individuals age 13 and older.1

7、.4 This standard is to be used in conjunction with Specification F2276, Test Methods F2571, and Test Method F2277.1.5 This standard takes precedence over Specification F2276 and Test Methods F2571 in areas that are specific or unique toselectorized strength training equipment.1.6 This specification2

8、 establishes additional requirements for the design of commercial fitness equipment for use by peoplewith functional limitations or impairments.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport

9、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international

10、standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.

11、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F

12、08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2017. Published September 2017January 2018. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20122017as F2216 12.F2216 17. DOI: 10.1520/F2216-17.10.1520/F2216-17A.2 This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitat

13、ion Engineering Research Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, andRehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS

14、TM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically p

15、ossible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

16、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F2276 Specification for Fitness EquipmentF2277 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength EquipmentF2571 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Fitness EquipmentF3021 Spec

17、ification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations andImpairments3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 assist means, nmechanism that the user engages on the machine to assist them in getting into and out of the loadedstarting position.3.1.2 bil

18、ateral exercise, bilateral, nadjrelating to exercise or stabilization during exercise using use of both sides of thebody, that is, both hands, arms, or legs.3.1.3 cam, nrotational component controlling the resistance to the user.3.1.4 consumer selectorized strength equipment, nselectorized strength

19、equipment intended for home use or for use in a homeenvironment.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSince significant differences can arise between consumer and institutional selectorized strength equipment, the products must beclearly identified as not for commercial use.3.1.5 field of view, nfield of view of the us

20、er defined by an arc of 150. Seventy-five degrees on each side of the users midline(sagittal plane).3.1.6 foot support, nmachine component(s) contacting the feet during operation, entry, and exit from the machine.3.1.7 institutional selectorized strength equipment, nstrength equipment intended for u

21、se by numerous persons in acommercial or institutional facility, as opposed to home environment.3.1.8 median plane, nplane of reference that divides the midline of the body of the user into equal right and left halves.3.1.9 rope, nfor the purpose of this specification, a cord comprised of intertwist

22、ed synthetic or natural fibers or steel wiresused for the transmittal of load from the resistance means to the user means.3.1.10 selector pin, nthe component used to select resistance on weight based selectorized strength equipment.3.1.11 selectorized strength equipment, nstrength equipment where th

23、e resistance means is an integral part of the machine andmay be varied easily by the user.3.1.12 strength equipment, nfitness equipment designed to strengthen one or more groups of muscles anaerobically.3.1.13 unilateral exercise, unilateral, nadjrelating to exercise or stabilization during exercise

24、 using use of one side of thebody, that is, one hand, arm, or leg.3.1.14 user means, nmovable component or assembly that the user contacts to perform the exercise.4. Design and Construction Requirements4.1 Construction:4.1.1 WeightsWeights shall move only when displaced intentionally. Weights shall

25、move freely along their guide means andreturn to the resting point. The travel of the weights shall be controlled by the user such that no uncontrolled pendulum swing shalloccur.4.1.2 Weight Selector PinWeight selector pins shall be fitted with a positive retention means.4.1.3 Starting Position Assi

26、stIf the user cannot (after adjusting the machine according to the manufacturers instructions)attain the loaded starting position for the machine, then the machine shall be provided with an assist means.4.1.4 Ropes, Belts, Chains, or Other Load Transmission ComponentsRopes, belts, chains, and other

27、means, including allattachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and termination means) shall not fail with a load equal to six times the maximumstatic tension developed by the machine during operation and shall pass the endurance guidelines set forth in 4.4.1. All endterminations shall not be

28、 subjected to cyclic bending under normal machine operation as defined by the manufacturer.4.1.5 PulleysPulleys for rope/belt drive machines shall rotate freely under all extrinsic loads.4.1.5.1 Wire Rope PulleysThe groove radius, r, of the pulley for wire rope driven machines shall meet the wire ro

29、pemanufacturers guidelines and allow for passing of the endurance guidelines set forth in 4.4.1. The dimensions shall lie within therange given:Cd2 15%toCd2 115% (1)F2216 17a2with Cd /2 + 10 % being the optimum. Cd is defined as the nominal wire rope diameter including coating. The tread diameter,d,

30、 of the pulley shall be a minimum of 18 times greater than the bare wire rope diameter (without coating). See Fig. 1.4.1.5.2 Belt PulleysThe diameter of the pulley shall be of sufficient size to yield a belt life meeting the parameters specifiedin 4.4.1. Belt pulleys shall be designed to prevent dis

31、engagement through the use of groove, flanges, or other means.4.1.6 Rope/Belt GuardsDisengagement of ropes/belts shall be prevented by the provision of adequate retention guards orenclosures.4.2 Entrapment Points:4.2.1 General CommentsUnlike other machinery, selectorized strength equipment is fully

32、controlled by the user of theequipment. It is therefore assumed that the user shall take responsibility for his/her actions while using the machine and can preventthe inadvertent contact with machine components within the users field of view by the user or a third party by stopping the exerciseor mo

33、vement of the machine. For this reason, the discussion of entrapment points is broken down into “within” and “outside” thefield of view of the user. Wherever possible, the design of movable components shall avoid catch, shear, or pull-in points.4.2.1.1 In general, the fingers are the body components

34、 most likely to be injured. The primary exception to this is weight stacks,or other frame components, where feet or hands, or both, could also be injured. Weight stacks shall be spaced less than 9.5 mm(0.375 in.) or greater than 25 mm (0.98 in.) from any fixed frame member. This spacing shall remain

35、 constant through the travelrange of the weight stack. Weight stack to frame spacing greater than 60 mm (2.36 in.) is exempt from this requirement. Weightstacks shall be spaced at least 60 mm (2.36 in.) from the base frame of the machine. Strength equipment that includes weight stackenclosures desig

36、ned in accordance with 4.3 as a permanent feature of the machine are exempt from this requirement, provided thatthe enclosure extends past the rest position of the bottom weight plate.4.2.1.2 The user means or other moving components, or both, shall not pass within 60 mm (2.36 in.) of any other fixe

37、d ormoving component, including the moving weight stack, or other frame components, during the stack and frame, during normaloperation of the machine, as defined in the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Mechanical stops are generally provided atone or both extremes of the user means range o

38、f travel. Since the user means will contact the stops at these locations, they areexcluded from the clearance requirements. However, if the stop is physically part of the moving user means, then it shall pass nocloser than 2560 mm (0.98(2.36 in.) to any fixed frame members throughout its range of tr

39、avel.4.2.1.3 If the machine framework or the users body placement, while using the machine in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, prevents the uncontrolled access of a third party into the area of concern, then guarding is not required. For thisexemption, the users body must prevent acces

40、s throughout the entire exercise range of motion.FIG. 1 Wire Rope Pulley ProfileF2216 17a34.2.2 Outside the Field of ViewTo a height of 1800 mm (70.8 in.), the distance between movable components or between amovable and fixed component shall be at least 60 mm (2.36 in.) when body parts other than th

41、e fingers are at risk. This dimensionmay be reduced to no less than 25 mm (0.98 in.) when only the fingers are at risk. If the spacing between moving componentsor between fixed and moving components remains constant throughout the range of motion of the machine, then the spacing shallbe greater than

42、 25 mm (0.98 in.) or less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.). Guarding shall be provided if the design does not allow the abovedimensions to be met.4.2.3 Within the Field of View and Within Reach of the UserIf distances do not conform to those specified in 4.2.2, thecomponents shall be guarded or enclosed.4.2.

43、4 Within the Field of View and Outside the Reach of the UserMoving components within the users field of view butaccessible only to a third party shall not be located within 25 mm (0.98 in.) of a stationary any other moving or fixed component.Alternatively, such points can be less than 9.5 mm (0.375

44、in.) from a stationary any other moving or fixed component if the spacingbetween the components remains constant throughout the range of movement of the machine.4.2.5 Pull-In PointsFinger pull-in occurs when the spacing between the fixed and rotating component is less than 25 mm (0.98in.) or when th

45、e angle between the fixed guard and the belt or rope is less than 50, or both (see Fig. 2). For ropes and pulleysor ropes and cams, pull-in will occur during the portion of the exercise stroke that the rope wraps onto the rotating element orpasses into the guard. This can occur on both sides of a pu

46、lley or guard as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Fig. 4 illustrates a circularpulley or cam guard. To achieve a pull-in angle greater than 50, the guard radius Gr shall be calculated using the equation shownin Fig. 4.4.2.5.1 Outside the Field of ViewPull-in points up to a height of 1800 mm (70.8 in.) sh

47、all be guarded or spaced greater than25 mm (0.98 in.) apart so that the users or third partys fingers, when extended, cannot be caught between the components (seeFig. 2). Rope, belt, or rope driven machines where the pressure between the rope/belt and the cam or pulley is less than 90 N/cm2(131 psi)

48、 are excluded from this requirement.4.2.5.2 Within the Field of ViewPull-in points within reach of the user when in the exercise position shall be guarded so thatthe users fingers cannot be caught between the components. Pull-in points within the field of view of the user, during the entirerange of

49、motion of the exercise being performed, but accessible only to a third party, need not be guarded because the user cancontrol the motion of the machine and thus prevent any inadvertent contact with a third party. A site specific label shall be presentin the immediate location of the pull-in point, alerting the user or a third party to the potential for injury and to stay clear of thearea. Rope or belt driven machines where the pressure between the rope/belt and the cam or pulley is less than 90 N/cm2 (131 psi)are excluded from the