ASTM F833-2011 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers《客车及婴儿四轮车的用户安全性能标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F833 11Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forCarriages and Strollers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that wereidentified by the U.S. Consumer Pro

3、duct Safety Commission (CPSC).The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraintsystems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment inopenings of convertible carriage/strollers. By far, the most common injury r

4、esulted when a child fellor climbed out of a stroller because the restraint system was not being used. In response to theincidents data developed by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts tominimize the previously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriage

5、s and strollers thatare blatantly misused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominentlydisplayed on or with each carriage or stroller.NOTE 1This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents andinjuries resulting from the interaction of ot

6、her persons with children in carriages or strollers orincidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art ofcarriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenev

7、ersubstantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies therevision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safetyperformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to chil

8、dren presented bycarriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Chil-drens products such as tricycles, bicycles or other similarwheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are notconsidered carriages or strollers subject to the requirements ofthis standard, even if the item ha

9、s a temporary or permanenthandle.1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval dateof this consumer safety performance specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with this speci-fication unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.3 The values stated in inc

10、h-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safet

11、y speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2

12、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint316 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances

13、Act Regulations3in-cluding sections:1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a Sharp1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 onCarriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.C

14、urrent edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F833 10. DOI:10.1520/F0833-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A

15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit

16、ed States.Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse o

17、fToys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts316 CFR 1508.07 (c)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms

18、 Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 carriage, nwheeled vehicle generally used for thetransport of an infant who is generally in a lying down position.The motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushingor pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle. A carriage maybe capable of being folded for s

19、torage.3.1.2 conspicuous, nlabel that is visible, when the unit isin a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the unit butnot necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.3 convertible carriage/stroller, nwheeled vehicle thatis intended to

20、be converted by the owner to be used as either acarriage or a stroller.3.1.4 harness system, nshall include a waist and crotchrestraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.3.1.5 infant, nyoung child who is not capable of sittingunassisted.3.1.6 jogging stroller, nstroller intended to be used

21、forchildren at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).3.1.7 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for use of the product by the manufacturer in anydescriptive or instructional literature. This specifically ex-clu

22、des positions that the manufacturer shows in a like mannerin its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recom-mended.3.1.8 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plasticor metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.9 occupant(s)

23、, nthat individual or those individualswho are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturersrecommended use positions.3.1.10 occupant retention space, nspace enclosed by thesurfaces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of acarriage or convertible carriage/stroller that contains

24、the occu-pant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriageposition.3.1.11 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.12 reclined carriage position, nadjustment position ofa convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior an

25、gleof greater than 150 between the seat surface and the backrest.3.1.13 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.14 stroller, nwheeled vehicle for the transport ofinfants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclinedposition. The motiv

26、e power is supplied by a person moving ata walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to thestroller. A stroller generally is capable of being folded forstorage. Strollers normally are used for children from infancyto 36 months of age.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be c

27、onducted on a concrete floor thatshall be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of man

28、ufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Re

29、quirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous points or edges as definedby 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and aftertesting to this consumer safety specification.5.2 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.

30、3 The paint and surface-coating on the product shallcomply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of splinters.5.5 Latching MechanismsAny unit that folds shall have alatching device or other provision in the design that willprevent the unit from unintenti

31、onal folding when properlyplaced in the manufacturers recommended use position. Prod-ucts with latching devices for prevention of unintentionalfolding shall be tested in accordance with 7.2. During and uponcompletion of this test, the unit shall remain latched in itsmanufacturers recommended use pos

32、ition.5.5.1 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometricover center action (see Fig. 1) to maintain the product in theFIG. 1 Stroller With Hinged LinkF833 112normal use position shall require two distinct and separateactions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product.Such stro

33、llers shall require only a single action on the part ofthe user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmi

34、t a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shallb

35、e evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, PinchingThe unit, when in themanufacturers recommended use position, shall be designedand constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant fromany scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-ponents rot

36、ate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissor-ing, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not bepermissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probegreater than 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter and less than0.375-in. (

37、9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible point through-out the range of motion of such parts. This excludes theadjustment of accessory items such as canopies, storagelatches, baskets, etc.5.8 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga

38、space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing (see 6.2 and 7.3) shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.8.1-7.8.3.5.9.2

39、Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.8.4.5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.8.5.5.10 Protective ComponentsIf

40、 a child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parentcomponent, such compo

41、nent shall not be removed when testedin accordance with 7.9.5.11 Seat Recline MeasurementPlace the back of thestroller in the most reclined position. Place the hinged boardswith the hinged edge into the junction of the stroller back andseat (see Fig. 3). Measure the angle between the two boards.5.12

42、 ToyToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with unit, as well as their means of attachment, shall meetapplicable requirements of Consumer Safety SpecificationF963.6. Performance RequirementsNOTE 1The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the testmethods described in Section 7 o

43、f this specification are applied readily bymeans of a calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamicload test methods, by dead weights.6.1 Brake RequirementsA braking device shall be pro-vided on the unit. The braking device shall remain engaged andprevent the braked wheel(s) from

44、rotating more than 90during the test described in 7.6. The brake shall be constructedso that it can not be disengaged by the child within the unitwhen the child is secured in the unit in accordance with theinstructional literature.6.2 Static Load:6.2.1 A carriage shall support a static load of 50 lb

45、f (222 N)when placed in the approximate center of the area intended tosupport the infant occupant.6.2.2 Astroller shall support a static load of 100 lb (45.4 kg)or 2.5 times the manufacturers recommended maximumweight, whichever is greater, per individual seating area, whenplaced in the approximate

46、center of the area intended to supportthe child occupant.6.2.3 A convertible carriage/stroller shall support a staticload appropriate to the configuration in which the unit iserected. All configurations shall be tested.6.2.4 A combination unit of a car seat on a stroller shallsupport a static load o

47、f 50 lbf (222 N) when placed in theapproximate center of the area intended to support the occu-pant.6.2.5 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with7.3. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be nounacceptable conditions as identified within this specificationFIG. 2 Opening Exampl

48、e.F833 113(see Note 2). In cases of multiple occupancy units, a specifiedtest weight shall be applied simultaneously to each occupantposition.NOTE 2For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable condi-tions that might be identified by the static load test methods shall be tipover, collapse

49、of the product or a component of the product, sharp edgesor points, and small parts.6.3 StabilityThe product shall remain on the appropriatetest plane and not tip over when tested in accordance with 7.4.At the end of this test method, the unit shall remain in themanufacturers recommended-use position on the inclined testplane when tested in accordance to 7.4.1 and on a horizontaltest plane when tested in accordance with 7.4.2. In cases ofmultiple-occupancy units, the specified test weight shall beplaced in any occupant seat deemed to be th