ASTM F833-2008 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers.pdf

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1、Designation: F 833 08Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forCarriages and Strollers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision

2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that wereidentified by the U.S. Consumer P

3、roduct Safety Commission (CPSC).The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraintsystems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, and deaths due to entrapment inopenings of convertible carriage/strollers. By far, the most common injury

4、 resulted when a child fellor climbed out of a stroller because the restraint system was not being used. In response to theincidents data developed by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts tominimize the previously listed problems. This specification does not cover carria

5、ges and strollers thatare blatantly misused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominentlydisplayed on or with each carriage or stroller.NOTE 1This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents andinjuries resulting from the interaction of

6、other persons with children in carriages or strollers orincidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art ofcarriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated when

7、eversubstantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies therevision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safetyperformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to ch

8、ildren presented bycarriages and strollers as identified in the introduction.1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval dateof this consumer safety performance specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with this speci-fication unless it conforms to all requ

9、irements herein.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest metho

10、d portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil

11、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Cont

12、aining Paint316 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations3in-cluding sections:1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in To

13、ys or OtherArticles Intended for1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 onCarriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published December 20

14、08. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 833 07a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p

15、age onthe ASTM website.3Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-52 Tests Methods

16、 for Simulating Use and Abuse ofToys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts316 CFR 1508.07 (c)3. Term

17、inology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 carriage, nwheeled vehicle generally used for thetransport of an infant who is generally in a lying down position.The motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushingor pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle. A carriage mayb

18、e capable of being folded for storage.3.1.2 conspicuous, nlabel that is visible, when the unit isin a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the unit butnot necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.3 convertible carriage/stroller, nwhee

19、led vehicle thatis intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either acarriage or a stroller.3.1.4 harness system, nshall include a waist and crotchrestraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.3.1.5 infant, nyoung child who is not capable of sittingunassisted.3.1.6 jogging stroller,

20、 nstroller intended to be used forchildren at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).3.1.7 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for use of the product by the manufacturer in anydescriptive or instructional liter

21、ature. This specifically ex-cludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like mannerin its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recom-mended.3.1.8 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plasticor metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply

22、 defined edge.3.1.9 occupant(s), nthat individual or those individualswho are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturersrecommended use positions.3.1.10 occupant retention space, nspace enclosed by thesurfaces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of acarriage or convertible c

23、arriage/stroller that contains the occu-pant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriageposition.3.1.11 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.12 reclined carriage position, nadjustment position ofa convertible carriage/stroller

24、 that allows for an interior angleof greater than 150 between the seat surface and the backrest.3.1.13 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.14 stroller, nwheeled vehicle for the transport ofinfants or children generally in a sitting-up or s

25、emi-reclinedposition. The motive power is supplied by a person moving ata walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to thestroller. A stroller generally is capable of being folded forstorage. Strollers normally are used for children from infancyto 36 months of age.4. Calibration and Standardiz

26、ation4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatshall be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall

27、be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted

28、 on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous points or edges as definedby 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and aftertesting to this consumer safety specification.5.2 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of

29、testing to thisspecification.5.3 The paint and surface-coating on the product shallcomply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of splinters.5.5 Latching MechanismsAny unit that folds shall have alatching device or other provision in the design that will

30、prevent the unit from unintentional folding when properlyplaced in the manufacturers recommended use position. Prod-ucts with latching devices for prevention of unintentionalfolding shall be tested in accordance with 7.2. During and uponcompletion of this test, the unit shall remain latched in itsma

31、nufacturers recommended use position.5.5.1 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometricover center action (see Fig. 1) to maintain the product in thenormal use position shall require two distinct and separateactions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product.Such strollers sha

32、ll require only a single action on the part ofthe user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.FIG. 1 Stroller With Hinged LinkF8330825.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-m

33、m) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (s

34、ee Fig. 2). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, PinchingThe unit, when in themanufacturers recommended use position, shall be designedand constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant fromany scissoring, shearing, or pinching w

35、hen members or com-ponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissor-ing, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shall not bepermissible when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probegreater than 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) dia

36、meter and less than0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible point through-out the range of motion of such parts. This excludes theadjustment of accessory items such as canopies, storagelatches, baskets, etc.5.8 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, hav

37、ing or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing (see 6.2 and 7.3) shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in acco

38、rdance with 7.8.1-7.8.3.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.8.4.5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.8.

39、5.5.10 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the component and its adjace

40、nt parentcomponent, such component shall not be removed when testedin accordance with 7.9.5.11 Seat Recline MeasurementPlace the back of thestroller in the most reclined position. Place the hinged boardswith the hinged edge into the junction of the stroller back andseat (see Fig. 3). Measure the ang

41、le between the two boards.5.12 ToyToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with unit, as well as their means of attachment, shall meetapplicable requirements of Consumer Safety SpecificationF 963.6. Performance RequirementsNOTE 1The forces that are to be applied to the sample in the testm

42、ethods described in Section 7 of this specification are applied readily bymeans of a calibrated force gage, or in the case of static load and dynamicload test methods, by dead weights.6.1 Brake RequirementsA braking device shall be pro-vided on the unit. The braking device shall remain engaged andpr

43、event the braked wheel(s) from rotating more than 90during the test described in 7.6. The brake shall be constructedso that it can not be disengaged by the child within the unitwhen the child is secured in the unit in accordance with theinstructional literature.6.2 Static Load:6.2.1 A carriage shall

44、 support a static load of 50 lbf (222 N)when placed in the approximate center of the area intended tosupport the infant occupant.6.2.2 Astroller shall support a static load of 100 lb (45.4 kg)or 2.5 times the manufacturers recommended maximumweight, whichever is greater, per individual seating area,

45、 whenplaced in the approximate center of the area intended to supportthe child occupant.6.2.3 A convertible carriage/stroller shall support a staticload appropriate to the configuration in which the unit iserected. All configurations shall be tested.6.2.4 A combination unit of a car seat on a stroll

46、er shallsupport a static load of 50 lbf (222 N) when placed in theapproximate center of the area intended to support the occu-pant.6.2.5 Test methods shall be performed in accordance with7.3. At the conclusion of the test method, there shall be nounacceptable conditions as identified within this spe

47、cification(see Note 2). In cases of multiple occupancy units, a specifiedtest weight shall be applied simultaneously to each occupantposition.FIG. 2 Opening Example.F833083NOTE 2For the purpose of this specification, the unacceptable condi-tions that might be identified by the static load test metho

48、ds shall be tipover, collapse of the product or a component of the product, sharp edgesor points, and small parts.6.3 StabilityThe product shall remain on the appropriatetest plane and not tip over when tested in accordance with 7.4.At the end of this test method, the unit shall remain in themanufac

49、turers recommended-use position on the inclined testplane when tested in accordance to 7.4.1 and on a horizontaltest plane when tested in accordance with 7.4.2. In cases ofmultiple-occupancy units, the specified test weight shall beplaced in any occupant seat deemed to be the worst or the mostlikely to fail. Products that include as original equipmentmanufacturer-supplied accessories for carrying any type ofpackages must be tested with these accessories both empty andloaded with the most adverse configured combination ofweights, including the